Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-05-17T13:59:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Soraia de Souza Silva.pdf: 1059497 bytes, checksum: 877a12f3b8ef607de7873134517316e7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-17T13:59:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Soraia de Souza Silva.pdf: 1059497 bytes, checksum: 877a12f3b8ef607de7873134517316e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The objective of this study was characterize and evaluate technological, husbandry and socio-economic profiles; identify and quantify benchmarks in dairy cattle production systems on family farms from Agreste Pernambucano. To identify and quantify the benchmark indicators was evaluated a database of the Academic Unit of Garanhuns/UFRPE, collected monthly and updated by the Foundation of the General Price Index Getúlio Vargas (IGP-FGV). The benchmark indicators correlated and their values in the four scenarios were: average milk production/lactating cow, average milk production; lactating cows/total herd; milk production/labor; milk production/area; average milk price; effective operational cost/milk price; total operational cost/milk price; total cost/milk price; labour spend/gross milk income; concentrate spend/ gross milk income; capital stock with land; capital invested per liter of milk and profitability. Economic indicators: average milk production, milk production by lactating cows, milk production by labour, milk production by area and milk price were positively correlated with the rate of return on capital invested in the dairy business. The indicators: effective operational cost, total operational cost and total cost/milk price, labour spend and concentrated spend/gross milk income, capital stock with land and capital invested per liter of milk were correlated negatively with rate of return on capital invested in the dairy business. For the analyzed familiar farms can become competitive and therefore profitable, it is required to identify and quantify benchmark indicators most correlated to profitability, aiming to diagnose the weaknesses of dairy farming in this region and increase animal production and land. / Objetivou-se caracterizar e avaliar os perfis tecnológicos, zootécnicos e socioeconômicos; identificar e quantificar indicadores-referência (benchmark), em sistemas de produção de bovinos de leite da agricultura familiar no Agreste Pernambucano. Para identificar e quantificar os indicadores-referência foram avaliados os dados contidos em um banco de dados pertencentes a Unidade Acadêmica de Garanhuns/UFRPE, coletados mensalmente e atualizados pelo Índice Geral de Preços da Fundação Getúlio Vargas (IGP-FGV). Os indicadores-referência correlacionados e seus respectivos valores nos quatro cenários de 4, 6, 8 e 10% ao ano foram: produção média de leite/vaca em lactação, produção média de leite; vacas em lactação/rebanho total; produção de leite/mão de obra; produção de leite/área; preço médio do leite; custo operacional efetivo/preço do leite; custo operacional total/preço do leite; custo total/preço do leite; gasto com mão de obra/renda bruta do leite; gasto com concentrado/renda bruta do leite; estoque de capital com a terra; capital investido por litro de leite e lucratividade. Os indicadores econômicos: produção média de leite, produção de leite por vacas em lactação, produção de leite por mão de obra, produção de leite por área e preço do leite foram correlacionados positivamente com a taxa de remuneração do capital investido na atividade leiteira. Os indicadores: custo operacional efetivo, custo operacional total e custo total pelo preço do leite, gasto com mão de obra e com concentrado pela renda bruta do leite, estoque do capital com a terra e capital investido por litro de leite correlacionaram-se negativamente com a taxa de remuneração do capital investido na atividade leiteira. Para que as propriedades familiares analisadas possam se tornar competitivas e consequentemente lucrativas são necessários a identificação e quantificação de indicadores-referência mais correlacionados com rentabilidade, com intuito de diagnosticar os pontos frágeis da pecuária leiteira nessa região e aumentar a produção dos fatores animal e terra.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:07:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Reginaldo Jacovetti.pdf: 647335 bytes, checksum: 8f3872d3d6f0b90e4cc497b5edf0f833 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-27 / The Brazilian farmers make use of vary forages plants to be conserved in the ensilage form, for supplementation of the animals in the period of fall of pastures. However, forage millet presents as a possible alternative, in view of its potential of production and possibility of culture as off-season cultivation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the production and the morph-anatomical composition of millet compared to some forages, to characterize the fermentative standard of the produced ensilages, as well as, estimate the cost of production and the potential of milk production in function of the dry substance of the produced ensilages. The experiment was divided in three phases: (1) Quantitative Analysis: anatomical composition, agronomics parameters, production of dry mass of the used forages plants for the silage process; (2) Qualitative Analysis: characterization of the fermentative process, through the opening of the experimental in different times (3, 7, 15, 30, 60 and 120 days) after the silage incubation, proceeding itself the effluent evaluations of loss of and gases beyond the determination and chemical composition and fraction of protein of the ensilages; (3) Economic Analysis: survey of the costs of production of the ensilage of millet in relation to other traditional forages cultures. Millet presented the greater stand with 237,000 plants/ha and the maize without spike with the minor stand a 58,300 plants/ha. Already the production of green mass (GM) of sorghum was raised with 60,400 kg GM/ha, followed for the integral maize with 50,200 kg/ha. The production of dry mass (DM) of the integral maize was of 20,000 kg DM/ha and, of millet, was of 9,700 kg DM/ha. About protein fraction, they not had differences (P<0.05) for the fraction A in the ensilage of millet in the different times of opening of the silos. In the economic analysis, the maize presented a cost of lesser production in function of its bigger income for area. Although millet to present potential of similar production to the maize, the production accomplishes was lesser, what comparatively it would make impracticable its use. So that this either made possible economically is necessary that the raised production either more. / Os pecuaristas do Brasil dispõem de várias plantas forrageiras para serem conservadas na forma de silagem para suplementação dos animais no período de escassez de pastagens. Contudo, o milheto forrageiro é uma possível alternativa, tendo em vista o seu potencial de produção e possibilidade de cultivo como safrinha. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o milheto comparando com forrageiras para silagem (milho integral, milho sem espiga, sorgo e cana-de-açúcar) sob aspectos de produção e composição morfo-anatômica, caracterização do padrão fermentativo das silagens produzidas nos tempos de abertura dos mini-silos em 3, 7, 15, 30, 60 e 120 dias, assim como, estimar o custo de produção e o potencial de produção de leite em função da matéria seca das silagens produzidas. O experimento foi dividido em três fases: (1) Análise Quantitativa: composição anatômica, parâmetros agronômicos, produção de massa seca das plantas forrageiras utilizadas para o processo de ensilagem; (2) Análise Qualitativa: caracterização do processo fermentativo, através da abertura dos mini-silos em diferentes tempos (3, 7, 15, 30, 60, 120 dias) após a ensilagem, procedendo-se as avaliações de perda de efluentes e gases, além da determinação e composição bromatológica e fracionamento de proteína das silagens; (3) Análise Econômica: levantamento dos custos de produção da silagem de milheto em relação a outras culturas forrageiras tradicionais. O milheto apresentou o maior estande com 237 mil plantas/ha e o milho sem espiga com o menor estande 58,3 mil plantas/ha. Já a produção de massa verde (MV) do sorgo foi a mais elevada com 60,4 ton/ha, seguido pelo milho integral com 50,2 t/ha. A produção de matéria seca (MS) do milho integral foi de 20 ton MS/ha e, a do milheto, foi de 9,7 ton MS/ha. Quanto ao fracionamento de proteína, não houve diferenças (P<0,05) para a fração A na silagem de milheto nos diferentes tempos de abertura dos silos. Na análise econômica, o milho apresentou custo de produção menor em função de seu maior rendimento por área. Apesar do milheto apresentar potencial de produção semelhante ao milho, a produção efetiva foi inferior, o que comparativamente inviabilizaria sua utilização. Para que esta seja viabilizada economicamente é necessário que a produção seja mais elevada.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:07:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao Fernanda.pdf: 672936 bytes, checksum: 619f232b9c4e9a12bd5d3dcd39725216 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-30 / This assessment was performed to evaluate the productive performance, body and fillet yield, chemical composition of the fillet and economic evaluation of tambaqui, pirapitinga and hybrid tambatinga kept in fertilized ponds. The present research was carried out at Setor de Piscicultura da Universidade Federal de Goiás, between January and October the 2008, which lasted 270 days. We used 300 tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fingerling, 300 pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomum) fingerling, 300 hybrid tambatinga (female C. macropomum x male P. brachypomum), totalizing 900 fingerling randomly allotted in 12 fertilized ponds. The starter body weight of tambaqui, pirapitinga and hybrid tambatinga, were 6,16±0,34 g, 9,23±0,24 g and 8,93±0,33 g, respectively. The experimental design was composed by a completely randomized with three treatments (T1: tambaqui, T2: pirapitinga and T3: hybrid tambatinga) and four repetitions, totalizing 12 experimental units. The performance data were submitted to the analysis of co-variace, while the body and fillet yield and chemical composition of the fillet were subjected to analysis of variance and all means were compared by T tests (5%). The average survival rate (SR), body weight (BW), final biomass (FB), productivity (PROD), weight gain (WG), weight gain biomass (WGB), weight gain daily (WGD), protein efficiency rate (PER), weight whole fish (WWF), weight gutted fish (WGF), weight of fillet (WF), crude fillet protein (CP) and fillet ash were not significantly different. The tambaqui and pirapitinga had higher (p<0,05) feed intake (FI) in relation to the hybrid. The apparent feed conversion (AFC) of tambatinga was statistically lower than the pirapitinga but both averages were similar (p>0,05) to tambaqui. The specific growth rate (SGR) of tambaqui was higher (p<0,05) than the pirapitinga and hybrid. The tambatinga showed higher (p<0,05) percentage gutted fish (% GF) on pirapitinga, however, the tambaqui was similar (p>0,05) to both. The head percentage (%WH) of tambaqui and tambatinga were higher than pirapitinga (p<0,05). The fillet percentage (% WF) was better in pirapitinga followed by the hybrid and tambaqui (p<0,05). Hepato-somatic index (HIS) was higher in tambaqui and pirapitinga on tambatinga (p<0,05). The viscera-somatic fat index (VSFI) was higher (p<0,05) in pirapitinga on tambaqui and the hybrid. Moisture (MO) of fillet was significantly higher in tambatinga than tambaqui and pirapitinga. The ether extract of the fillet of tambaqui was higher (p <0.05) than the average of the hybrid tambatinga, and both were similar to pirapitinga. The production cost (PC) was higher in pirapitinga followed by tambaqui and hybrid (p<0,05), however, partial net revenue (PNR) was higher in tambaqui followed by pirapitinga and tambatinga. Considering the conditions proposed, it can be concluded that tambaqui was the specie that showed better performance, high yield of gutted fish and greater profitability. The pirapitinga presented the highest yield of fillet, suggesting greater added value to the processing. / Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o intuito de comparar o desempenho produtivo, rendimentos corporais, composição bromatológica do filé e avaliação econômica do tambaqui, da pirapitinga e do híbrido tambatinga durante a fase de engorda, mantidos em viveiros fertilizados, no período de janeiro a outubro de 2008, com duração de 270 dias. Foram utilizados 300 alevinos de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), 300 alevinos de pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomum) e 300 alevinos do híbrido tambatinga (C. macropomum fêmea x P. brachypomum macho), totalizando 900 alevinos distribuídos aleatoriamente em 12 viveiros fertilizados. O peso médio inicial do tambaqui, da pirapitinga e do híbrido tambatinga, foram de 6,16±0,34 g; 9,23±0,24 g; e 8,93±0,33 g, respectivamente. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com três tratamentos (T1: tambaqui, T2: pirapitinga e T3: híbrido tambatinga) e quatro repetições, totalizando 12 unidades experimentais. Os dados de desempenho produtivo foram submetidos à análise de co-variância, enquanto os rendimentos corporais, índices biométricos e composição bromatológica do filé foram submetidos à análise de variância, e todas as médias foram comparadas pelo teste t (5%). As médias da taxa de sobrevivência, peso médio, biomassa final, produtividade, ganho de peso médio, ganho de peso em biomassa, ganho de peso diário, taxa de eficiência protéica, peso do peixe inteiro, peso do peixe eviscerado, peso do filé, proteína bruta do filé e cinzas do filé não apresentaram diferença significativa. O tambaqui e a pirapitinga apresentaram maior (p<0,05) consumo de ração em relação ao híbrido. A conversão alimentar aparente do tambatinga foi estatisticamente menor que da pirapitinga, porém ambas as médias foram semelhantes (p>0,05) ao tambaqui. A taxa de crescimento específica do tambaqui foi maior (p<0,05) que da pirapitinga e do híbrido. O tambatinga apresentou maior (p<0,05) rendimento de peixe eviscerado em relação à pirapitinga, no entanto, o tambaqui foi semelhante a ambos. O percentual de cabeça foi estatisticamente maior no tambaqui e no tambatinga em relação à pirapitinga. O rendimento de filé foi melhor na pirapitinga seguido do híbrido e do tambaqui (p<0,05). O índice hepato-somático foi superior no tambaqui e na pirapitinga em relação ao tambatinga (p<0,05). O índice de gordura víscero-somática foi maior (p<0,05) na pirapitinga em relação ao tambaqui e ao híbrido. O teor de umidade no filé foi significativamente maior no tambatinga em relação ao tambaqui e à pirapitinga. O extrato etéreo do filé do tambaqui foi maior (p<0,05) que a média do híbrido tambatinga e, ambos foram semelhantes à pirapitinga. O custo de produção foi maior na pirapitinga seguida do tambaqui e do híbrido, no entanto, a receita líquida parcial foi superior no tambaqui seguido da pirapitinga e do tambatinga. Diante das condições propostas, pode-se concluir que o tambaqui foi a espécie que apresentou melhor desempenho produtivo, elevado rendimento de peixe eviscerado e maior lucratividade. A pirapitinga apresentou o maior rendimento de filé, sugerindo maior agregação de valor com o processamento.

This master’s thesis deals with the operating production cost in machining process and further optimalization. Individual costs items which are related to machining process are specified. Attention is paid to the time consumption of individual machining methods. The aim of the thesis is to find an optimal combination of cutting speed and durability in order to meet the minimum cost criteria and maximum productivity. The calculations are used for turning the outer cylindrical surface and the face surfaces at a constant cutting speed. The work is accompanied by tables and calculations in Microsoft Excel.

The theme of this diploma thesis is " The study alternatives village sewer system Crhov". The thesis focuses on the design of possible wastewater treatment options with design of the technology for waste water treatment. Four alternatives are proposed - catch up existing sewerage and build an aerobic pond, new sewerage system with a container sewage treatment plant, domestic sewage treatment plant and the existing drainage system and the construction of a sewage treatment plant. In addition to the proposal itself, financial valuation of these variants is an integral part of the work with its own recommendation.

The diploma thesis deals with the possibilities of sewerage and wastewater disposal in the recreational centre near Vřesovice. The purpose of the diploma thesis is the elaboration of variant solutions of sewerage, including the proposal of possibilities of wastewater treatment, economic evaluation of variants, their subsequent comparison and recommendation of the most suitable variant. The diploma thesis deals with the design of variants of wastewater treatment with subsequent discharge into surface waters. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the individual variants of sewerage are summarized with a comparison of costs and subsequent recommendation of the variant.

MATELOVÁ, B. Kalkulace výrobních nákladů společnosti Lexmark, Brno. 2009 This thesis deals with the analysis of the Price sheet used by company Lexmark and based on this analysis I recommend the potential changes of this Price sheet. The price sheet is a tool for the re-invoicing of production cost between Lexmark and production subcontractors. The first part is dedicated to the theory of cost management. The next part is practical. I present the company Lexmark, describe the structure of Price sheet, production costs and cost calculation for all types of products. I close the practical part with the specification of Price sheet strong and weak points. Base on the analysis I recommend the potential changes of Price sheet, some of them are applicable immediately and next in a longer period.

This diploma thesis deals with analysis and design of corporate tracing policy. The main goal of the work is to describe calculations as an auxiliary tool for base-point pricing and for the fixing of company costs its management and efficiency. In the theoretical part diverse calculation systems currently used in companies are defined. Further, all kinds of expenses occuring in a firm are characterized. The practical section´s concern is costing of forgings produced in company Moravské kovárny, a.s. The origin of price of particular forgings and the costs that rise in this company are analyzed. Finally, the proposal of a new method of pricing and a way of elaboration of calculations for particular forgings are described.

This master’s thesis focuses on analysis of time consumption of machining process, the basic units of operating costs of production,optimization and subsequen tapplication to specific part. It is a turning shaft in two operations, named roughing and finishing turning. The aim is to find the optimum combination of life time of cutting tool and cutting speed, which is the main criterion for optimization in terms of minimum production cost or a maximum of productivity.

The significance of bio fuels production is increasing as fossil fuels are being depleted and energy security is gaining importance in the final energy mix. Moreover, bio fuel production offers the potential to alleviate concerns regarding global warming and air pollution. The process scheme design and parameter value choices used in this analysis are exclusively based on research domain literature by considering the state of the art of pyrolysis technology. Henceforth, the results should not be interpreted as optimal performance of mature technology, but as the most likely performance given the current state of scientific knowledge. The purpose of this thesis is to study and assess the technical and economic models for the conversion of woody biomass to valuable biofuel products via fast pyrolysis. The mass rate of wood is considered as 100,000 t/y. Bio fuel production from pyrolysis is energy intensive process. Therefore, heat and energy requirement calculation for the process and optimum heat integration is necessary to improve the overall thermodynamic efficiencies for wood biomass pyrolysis. Three different cases are discussed in this thesis: 1. fast pyrolysis at 500 oC, 2. fast pyrolysis at 1000 oC   and 3. Slow pyrolysis at 500 oC.    Literature study was conducted for different pyrolysis processes and based on their findings and results a model was developed on excel for the calculation of mass and energy balance. Mass balance results shows that the process can be selected on the basis of final product required. It was found that fast pyrolysis at 500 oC is used when bio oil is the priority product, for maximizing the syngas yield fast pyrolysis at high temperature 800-1000 oC is preferred. Similarly slow pyrolysis is used for maximizing bio char yield. It was also found that raw material type and its pretreatment also has strong influence on the pyrolysis process and final composition of bio fuels. Heat flux and energy streams for the pyrolysis scheme are also designed and syngas was selected to fulfil the heat requirements for different processes alongside with pyrolysis such as drying and grinding. It was found out that syngas combustion and heat recovery from the condenser will be able to fulfill the heat demand for pyrolysis process. However the specific heat requirement for fast and slow pyrolysis process varies. According to the calculations heat flux requirement for slow pyrolysis is higher than the fast pyrolysis. An explanation for this variability of the heat for wood pyrolysis is exothermic primary char formation process competing with an endothermic volatile formation process which makes it as overall endothermic process. But pretreatment of wood or biomass in fast pyrolysis is extra burden on the total heat demand for fast pyrolysis. Economic assessment for the pyrolysis plants is also conducted through literature survey of already installed plants and it was found out that pyrolysis is more feasible for large production facilities. The trends shows that capital costs increase with the increase of plant size but the capital cost curve moves towards a straight line after reaching the certain value the production cost per gallon of bio fuel decreases with the increase of plant capacity. The cost of biofuel is extremely sensitive to variations in operating cost (for example, cost of feed stock such as wood and selling price of products) but is not significantly affected by the variations in capital cost.