This report describes a solution to an adjustment problem found on “The Armadillo”. This product can be described as a bicycle, but with four wheels instead of two, and has a somewhat more complex construction than an electric bicycle. In today’s construction there are difficulties in using the bike if the driver is not within the range of 170-190 cm tall, which obviously limits the user of the product. The main user are those who work with the product. The task of the project was therefore to find a solution to this problem, with free hands without major limitations. This has been done in cooperation the company that owns the product, Velove, where a couple of visits have been made to study the design further, as well as examine the possibilities and limitations that exist. Methods such as Fredy Olsson with small modification have been used, this has simplified the work as a clear structure has been obtained on approaches. The project group has used different ideas to generating and evaluating product ideas, including where we included other students for inspiration, in order to reach a promising concept within the group. Two ready-made digital prototype concepts have been developed in Catia V5, where one of them has advanced into a physical prototype in plastic material. The construction allows a longer span and allows more drivers to use today’s Armadillo. The solution is another smaller rail that goes over the today’s existing rail witch makes it possible to further adjust the length span for the driver. The construction is a superstructure on the existing Armadillo and does not require a reconstruction of the bike.

Detta examensarbete har utförts i samarbete med högskolan i Skövde med syftet att genom simulering och optimering påvisa produktionstekniska parametrars påverkan på ett systems prestanda. Examensarbetets mål var att från data ta fram en simuleringsmodell som på ett korrekt sätt avspeglade verkligheten och som kunde användas vid optimering.  En metod för modellbygge togs fram genom en kombination av teorier från Banks (1998) och Lundgren et al. (2010), som sedan praktiserades genom att bygga en modell på data från en verklig produktionsanläggning. Frågeställningen och kraven som utarbetats tillsammans med uppdragsgivaren gällande modellens prestanda utvärderades innan optimeringsparametrar för sekvens, batch-storlekar samt Buffer- och Store-kapacitet definierades och stiftades. Det resultat som optimeringen genererade analyserades, utvärderades och jämfördes med resultat från egna experiment för att säkerställa dess trovärdighet.  Projektet har bidragit med en ny syn på det produktionsflöde som simulerats och visat att det inte alltid är de uppenbara parametrarna som påverkar processen mest. Resultatet visar på förbättring av total kapacitet med 64%, samt en ledtid som kortades ner med över 24 timmar. Arbetet belyser fördelarna för ett företag att använda sig av simulering i sitt arbete med produktionsutveckling, för att minimera risken att lägga resurser på förbättringar med lägre förbättringspotential än andra.  Den simuleringsmodell som tagits fram och den djupare förståelsen för densamma, kommer ligga till grund för fortsatt arbete med att undersöka produktionstekniska parametrar och hur det korrelerar med varandra. / This thesis project has been carried out in collaboration with Skövde University with the purpose of demonstrating, through simulation and optimization, production parameters impact on a system’s overall performance. The aim of the thesis was to create a simulation model from production data that accurately reflect a real-life system and could be used for optimization.  A method of simulation model construction was developed through a combination of theories from Banks (1998) and Lundgren et al. (2010), which were practiced by building a model based on data from a real production facility. The research questions and requirements were developed with the client regarding the performance of the model and were evaluated before optimization parameters for sequence, batch-size and Buffer- and Store capacity were defined and established. The result that the optimization generated was analyzed, evaluated, and compared to results from own experiments to ensure its credibility.  The project has contributed to a new view of the production flow that was simulated and showed that the most obvious parameters are not always the ones that affect the process the most. The results show an improvement of 64% in total capacity and over 24 hours shorter lead time. The report highlights a company’s benefits with using simulation in its work with production development. Especially to minimize the risk of wasting resources to improvements with lower potential than others.  The simulation model developed in the project will serve as basis for further work in understanding and investigating productions technical parameters and their correlations with each other.

Orientador: Jair Wagner de Souza Manfrinato / Banca: Rosani de Castro / Banca: Alcides Lopes Leão / Resumo: Realizar a gestão, gerenciamento e manejo dos resíduos sólidos urbanos é ainda um grande desafio para a maioria dos municípios brasileiros. O administrador público encontra grande dificuldade em organizar a coleta, transporte, tratamento e disposição final destes resíduos de forma integrada, em razão da necessidade de atender os aspectos sociais, ambientais, sanitários, legais, institucionais e financeiros que envolvem o tema. Ao tentar solucionar o problema, tem o administrador público o entrave de não encontrar dados sobre a real situação, além de, na maioria das vezes, também não possuir no quadro de funcionários do município, servidores com conhecimento técnico e científico. Visando fornecer subsídios para as municipalidades poderem melhor entender a questão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos e também dados com base em uma realidade local, o presente estudo buscou descrever o caso do município de Lençóis Paulista pesquisando suas ações institucionais, legais, operacionais, sociais, ambientais, sanitárias e financeiras que foram estabelecidas em um Plano Integrado de Gestão, Gerenciamento e Manejo dos Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos. Com base em indicadores de qualidade e quantidade, foi possível identificar resultados que permitem a conclusão da utilização deste PIGRSU como base para o desenvolvimento dos PIGRSU de outros municípios. / Abstract: The municipal solid waste management and handle is a great challenge for most of the municipalities in Brazil. The public manager has great difficulty to organize the collection, transport, treatment and final disposal of these wastes in a environmental friendly, institutional adapted, sustainable financially, social and integrated way because it doesn't give priority for the waste issue. It is a common situation for most of the municipalities the lack of knowledge in a government results in a poor handling situation regarding the MSW management plan. When the public manager tries to solve this problem, it finds some difficulties lack like reliable data and human resources without technological and scientific knowledge. This research objectives to supply the municipalities toward a better understanding abouth the municipality waste management and handle, and to provide the academy with new and real data using the Lençóis Paulista case, especially focusing environmental, social, legal, institutional, operational and sanitary aspects. To demonstrate the results up this paper it was used quantity and quality indicators to back up the conclusion of the present research. / Mestre

Services are making a huge impact in the business sector especially in the developed countries. As services are customer-centric, there is a need for an enhanced process framework connected to integrated service development. Such a framework should ideally address value propositions meeting specific customer needs in identifying corresponding service offerings. In this context, this thesis aims to explore on how value propositions are defined, developed, and communicated during the introduction of service offerings and to identify the ways to improve the process of value propositions. The work is carried out in the context of a major (Swedish) manufacturing company within a specific product context, namely, the telematics system. The main data collection methods are personal observations, semi-structured interviews, meetings, and company documents. The study seeks to answer three questions: First, what are the value propositions addressed by the current service offerings in telematics system in the context of heavy-duty vehicle equipment? Second, how value propositions are created during the development of these services offerings? Third, how can the service offerings for telematics system be improved through the process of value proposition? The study found that two types of value propositions namely customer value proposition and stakeholder value proposition are addressed by the service offerings in telematics system. Additionally, it is found that value propositions are created in relation to service offerings. Finally, the thesis proposes a six-step conceptual framework to create better value propositions during the development of service offerings. The presented framework is applied to the current value proposition process at the case company and improvement suggestions are proposed, which can impact the service offerings in the near future. The thesis has contributions to enhance or create new service offerings through addressing the value propositions and applying them. The results are beneficial for managers and developers who work in developing the future state scenarios or business models.

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This master thesis has been written to design and develop an automated solution which can attach protection lids in the ends of the ventilation ducts as they are manufactured. A danish factory within the group are using a solution which enables the manufacturing process of ventilation ducts to be automated which Lindab also want to implement in their Swedish factories. However, as the conditions which the ducts are required to be delivered in are much tougher in Sweden, lids are attached on the ends of the duct to prevent contamination. As these lids are manually attached there is no financial incentive for Lindab to automate the manufacturing process of the ventilation ducts as the operators still have to remain to attach the lids. The thesis covers the product development of automating the lid attachment. Through different elimination matrices and evaluation against the requirement specication was a final concept chosen. In addition to product development, a background investigation was also performed to examine for what reasons the automation was desired but also what advantages in production efficiency an automatic solution provides. The automation was solved by constructing a mount station where every duct dimension are fixated in the same radial axis which facilitates the process for the expanding mechanical grippers to attach the lids in the pipes. The lids are picked up by the grippers from conveyor belts where they are stored in stacks. In order to enable the lids ability to stack as well as improve their shape rigidity, the lids were redesigned with the addition of a radial reinforced rib pattern which extends over the entire bottom as well as a heel placed in the middle of the mantle surface which is in contact with the duct.

With changing market demands such as individualization, volatility and sustainability, the current manufacturing environment at Scania is subject to an increasing need for change. This, together with the availability of more advanced technology and digitalization has sparked the fourth industrial revolution. It has been named Industry 4.0 and considers digitalization in a manufacturing environment. As a result, the purpose of this thesis is to outline the potential of increased digitalization for logistics and manufacturing at Scania Oskarshamn. This will be done by developing a digitalization strategy that encapsulates the core of Industry 4.0 and a roadmap to guide Scania in their development towards a future digitalized manufacturing environment. The study will consider two core functions of Industry 4.0 as the cornerstones of digitalization; consciousness and interoperability. Consciousness focuses on the level of digitalization within the system. With interoperability, integration throughout the whole supply chain and how it relates to the manufacturing environment. As a result, the study is separated into three main parts: Scania today, Scania 2030 and the gap in-between. For all three parts, three areas of focus will be the basis for the analysis. First, the level of digitalization will be analyzed. This is done in regards to the first core function, consciousness. Second, the level of process maturity will be analyzed. This is done in regards to the second core function, interoperability. Third, synergies between logistics and manufacturing will be analyzed. From the conducted analysis of the current state at Scania, the 2030 scenario and the gap inbetween, the digitalization strategy for Scania focuses on the two identified functions. Three key steps has been developed for each function.

Abstract   Purpose– The purpose of this study is to investigate factors that contribute to overproduction and what economic consequence overproduction has. To fulfil the purpose, two research questions has been formulated: Why does overproduction take place in companies with CNC-machines? How does overproduction affect cost items that contributes to economic sustainability? Method– To fulfil the study’s purpose a single case study has been conducted on a manufacturing company within the automotive industry. Interviews, document studies and a focus group have been the methods for the empirical data collection. The empirical data has been analysed together with the theoretical framework and created the study’s result.      Results– The study resulted in identifying several cost items that are affected by overproduction and different factors that contribute to overproduction have been identified.    Implications – The study contributed with new information to the knowledge gap regarding overproduction and the consequences of it. Findings from the study can be used as a template for companies that are interested as to which factors contribute to overproduction.    Limitations– To conduct the study one focal company was used, the focal company is of a manufacturing type with a CNC-machine park and are active in the automotive industry. Because of the characteristics in the automotive industry and the use of only one focal company the generalizability of the study is reduced. To increase the generalizability further studies are required.    Keywords– Overproduction, economic sustainability, automotive, Leagile, Overall Equipment Efficiency (OEE), Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), Just-In-Time (JIT).

Materialhantering inom tillverkningsindustri är en viktig del av dagliga arbetsuppgifter som företaget måste lägga tid på. Det anses vara del där företaget kan spara mycket tid och pengar genom att hantera material på rätt sätt. Genom bra materialhantering underlättar företaget för sina anställda och samtidigt gör arbetsplatsen mer säker. Dagens tekniska lösningar möjliggör hel eller del automatiserade lösningar som förebygger möjliga arbetsskador och effektiviserar materialhantering. Del eller hel förändring av layouten kan vara en stor utmaning för hela företaget eftersom den kan påverka hela materialflöde inom tillverkningen. Det som behandlas i rapporten omfattar både tekniska lösningar, arbetsmiljö och förutsättningar som kan vara avgörande för att genomföra och åstadkomma en effektiv och lönsam lösning. För att komma fram till ett slutgiltigt resultat krävs noggrann undersökning av lösningar. För att uppnå alla krav krävs metodiskt arbete med framtagning av lösningsförslag. För att hitta lösning med bra säkerhetsnivå som är största kraven av uppdragsgivare arbetar man med riskbedömningen som ingår i CEmärkning av olika system. CE-märkning är tillverkarens uppgift men ofta inom materialhantering inom tillverkningsindustri så kombinerar företaget flera olika lösningar för att uppnå bästa resultat. Åtgärden kräver att hela systemet måste certifieras för att bli godkänt för användning i tillverkningsprocessen. Lösningen som anses vara mest lämplig för hantering av alla sorter valsar på Dynapac är Automatiskstyrd fordon som uppfyller alla säkerhetskrav och visar god effektivitet i utförande av arbetet. En annan viktig aspekt som anses vara fördel jämfört med motordriven kedjebana är anpassningsmöjligheter och uppdateringar av hela processen som AGV truck kan göra utan större ombyggnationer i produktionslayouten.

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