Magistro baigiamajame darbe, remiantis Lietuvos ir užsienio valstybių teisės aktais, teismų praktika bei teisine literatūra, analizuojama komercinės ir profesinės paslapties samprata bei požymiai, nagrinėjamos teisinės atsakomybės už šių paslapčių atskleidimą taikymo problemos bei atleidimo nuo atsakomybės pagrindai. Šio darbo tikslas – analizuojant Lietuvos ir atskirų užsienio valstybių teisės normas bei praktiką įvertinti komercinės paslapties ir profesinės paslapties apsaugos problemas. Darbą sudaro trys dalys. Pirmasis skyrius skirtas atskleisti komercinės ir profesinės paslapties terminologijos problemas. Antrajame šio darbo skyriuje aptariami komercinės paslapties požymiai, jos santykis su kitais intelektinės nuosavybės objektais, nagrinėjamas teisės į komercinės paslapties apsaugą turinys bei teisinė atsakomybė už šios paslapties panaudojimą ar atskleidimą. Trečiajame skyriuje analizuojama profesinės paslapties sąvoka, atskirų profesijų atstovams patikėtos ir jų saugotinos informacijos turinys, nagrinėjama teisinė atsakomybė už profesinės paslapties atskleidimą. / The final paper to obtain the Master’s degree, which is written on the grounds of legislation, judicial practice and legal literature of Lithuania and foreign countries, deals with conception and attributes of trade secret and professional secret, the problems of legal responsibility for disclosure of trade or professional secrets, grounds of release from responsibility. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the problems of protection of trade and professional secrets analysing laws and legal practice of Lithuania and foreign countries. This paper consists of three parts. The first part is intended to develop the problems of terminology of trade and professional secrets. In the second part author discuss about attributes of trade secret, it’s relation to other objects of intellectual property, analyses content of right to trade secret’s protection, legal responsibility for use or disclosure of trade secret. The third part deals with concept of professional secret, content of for several practitioner trusted information, legal responsibility for disclosure of professional secret. At the first sight after analysis of Lithuanian laws it seems that confidential information is protected good enough, but whether these rules will be effective or will they become only declarative, it depends on developing practice of implementation of these legal rules. Information is one of the most important resources of contemporary society. It can take certain advantage in business relations... [to full text]

Le blanchiment d'argent est considéré comme un crime organisé international. Du fait des progrès techniques et technologiques, il a connu un développement rapide. Ce qui a eu pour conséquence une évolution croissante de sa diffusion pendant vingt ans, en particulier après les attentats du 11 septembre 2001. Ceci a incité la communauté internationale à envisager soit au niveau régional soit au niveau mondial un certain nombre d'accords et de traités. Afin de lutter contre le blanchiment d'argent et le financement du terrorisme en tant que crime organisé du fait de leurs effets d'autant plus négatifs en temps de crise économique et internationale, il fut nécessaire de faire des efforts régionaux et internationaux dans le but d'en limiter l'expansion. La lutte contre le blanchiment d'argent inclut donc les obligations des professions juridiques et comptables et les professions bancaires et financières afin de rechercher et révéler les sources d'argent illicite qui ont été « lavées » et démasquer non seulement leur origine véritable mais également leur réutilisation. Le contenu de la lutte contre le blanchiment d'argent et le financement du terrorisme comporte trois obligations qui sont profondément attachées. Une obligation classique qui est l'obligation de secret professionnel, une obligation de vigilance allégée ou renforcée, fondée sur la qualité ou le degré du risque qui apparaît au cours de l'exécution d'opérations juridiques, comptables et bancaires, et une obligation de déclaration de soupçon sur les opérations suspectes envers les autorités compétentes visées par l'État. Il s'agit d'une étude comparative, analytique et critique des droits français et koweïtien dans une perspective législative, juridique et procédurale. / The crime of money laundering is not only considered to be an organized international crime but also an advanced and sophisticated task of fast and remarkable technology, which led to its spread globally over twenty years, particularly after 11 September 2001 attacks. Hence, the international community has called for the need to confront it at the regional and global level through the treaties and agreements, to prevent money laundering and terrorism funding. Money laundering is considered an organized crime as it has negative effects like economic crises. So it is necessary to exert efforts to stop its spread. There are three obligations to fight this crime, either it is for legal, accounting, or investment banking careers. These obligations aim at looking for sources of illegal and laundering money so as not to hide its illegal source but also to prevent its reuse or recycling. To confront this crime, there are three interrelated and interdependent obligations. First, traditional obligation of professional secrecy. Secondly, censorship or monitoring obligation can be diluted or intensive to fit (be adapted to) the dangerous degree which is shown through its implementation either in the legal, accounting, or banking transactions. Thirdly, the notification's obligation of suspicious transactions to the state's authorities to receive the suspicious notification of money laundering. This study is a critical and analytical comparison of French and Kuwait law through legal, legislative and procedure perspective.

The digital age has reconfigured the security services, especially the forms of mass surveillance aimed at preventing various threats to society. However, this scenario may become problematic from the perspective of protecting the freedom of the media and journalistic privilege. The author of this article offers an overview of the scope of the protection of the journalistic privilege pursuant to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, as well as its management in Poland from the developments prepared by its Constitutional Court. / La era digital ha reconfigurado los servicios de seguridad, sobre todo las formas de vigilancia masiva que buscan prevenir distintas amenazas para la sociedad. No obstante, este escenario puede convertirse en problemático desde la perspectiva de la protección de la libertad de los medios de comunicación y del privilegio periodístico. El autor del presente artículo nos ofrece un panorama sobre los alcances de la tutela del privilegio periodístico en el Convenio Europeo para la Protección de los Derechos Humanos y de las Libertades Fundamentales, así como sobre su tratamiento en Polonia a partir de los desarrollos realizados por su Tribunal Constitucional.