“Attainment of competency in management and leadership is no longer an optional extra for doctors” (Clark & Armit, 2008). Is management training recognised as necessary and important by professionals who ascend into leadership positions? Are professionals prepared to undertake management training or are their professional qualifications adequate to allow them to be effective managers as leaders? There are three concepts involved here, namely  Management training.  Professionals.  Leadership. The aim of the study was therefore to gain an in depth understanding of whether or not professional leaders need to be managerially trained. The study also attempted to establish the type/aspects of management training that the leaders should be trained in, and whether other factors such as experience influence the need for management training. Ultimately, the success or failure of management training for professional leaders needs to be assessed against the performance of their organisations and the self. An in depth literature review of the concepts of the research was conducted. The Chief Executive Officers of various tertiary/central academic hospitals were selected to be interviewed for this qualitative study by means of the purposive, quota sampling technique. In depth semi-structured interviews were held with seven academic hospital CEOs, with interviews lasting on average 1 hour 36 minutes (see Appendix B). The CEOs were also requested to complete the long Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. The information received was analysed using a mixture of content, constant comparative, phenomenological, narrative, and discourse analysis. The key findings revealed that management training was necessary as an entity and should be attained regardless of professional training, leadership, or management experience. It was also noted, interestingly, that although the CEOs person-organisation fit was a high 71% and turnover intent a low 14%, job satisfaction was only average in the region of 60%. The sample number was too small to make meaningful conclusions. It is hoped that the findings of this iii study will stir the need to include management training in the curriculum of professional trainings. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / zkgibs2015 / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / Unrestricted

by Andrew Fung Chak Yan & Danny Chan Ka Keung. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1989. / Bibliography: leaves [1]-[2]

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Social Sciences

Thesis (M.Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 212-241) Also available in print.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 212-241).

The scarcity of skills is a global phenomenon, affecting the capacity building, economic growth and development components of all nations. The African continent has been affected by skills shortages, emanating from certain socio-economic factors. This resulted in the ‘brain drain’, emigration and absorption of skilled talent to developed countries, in search of a better standard of living and employment opportunities. The issue of scarce skills in South Africa was identified by the Government in 2006, due to an identified shortage of expertise and proficiencies, required to fill numerous vacant positions within the local government to meet service delivery needs. The identification of skills shortages led to the formulation of macro-economic policies to address the issue of scarce skills and the identification of the most affected professions, which included, inter alia, engineers; technicians; project managers; and architects. Despite the implementation of these policies, underlying factors compound the issue, complicating and limiting remedial efforts. The South African Government is faced with the challenge of providing quality basic services for the public, especially at the local level. The country has since 2010 experienced multiple incidents of service delivery protests, predominantly in the under-developed communities. The Eastern Cape is no exception, as the Nelson Mandela Bay area has experienced protests, concerning poor service delivery, primarily in Walmer Township. The provision of basic services, are of dire necessity to the communities, as the Eastern Cape is one of the poorest provinces in South Africa. The educational system at primary and secondary levels is faced with challenges in the Eastern Cape province. These challenges are the shortage of teachers; poor infrastructure; and teacher absenteeism. This compounds the issue of scarce skills acquisition and development; the volume of skilled, expert and proficient talent available to the municipality, to fill in vacancies, gaps and areas with shortfalls and deficits within the entity, is reduced and minimal, underscoring the depth of the entrenchment of this scarcity of skills issue. The primary focus of the study is to expose the factors contributing to skills shortages and the implications, apropos service delivery, from the municipal workers’ perceptions. The study highlights and describes the factors affecting scarce skills acquisition and development in South Africa, along with providing a background of the Eastern Cape and demonstrating that the shortage of skills, within the Infrastructure and Engineering Department of the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality, has an impact on the production, efficacy and efficiency of services for communities. The study also emphasises the essentiality of quality leadership and management within the organisation, a pivotal aspect in ensuring the municipality performs at optimal level, meeting organisational goals. This is a critical issue, as the study revealed that sound management and leadership is lacking within the municipality, affecting quality of the service delivery output. The findings of this study further revealed that adequate training and development is lacking in the municipality. This is hampering skills development, outstandingly with regard to technical skills talents, as their training needs are not met.

published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration

published_or_final_version / abstract / Real Estate and Construction / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

M.Com. (Computer Auditing) / Competence in information technology (IT) is crucial for the professional accountants and most importantly, for information systems (IS) auditors currently practising in the execution of IS audits. The increasing dependence of businesses on computerised information systems gives rise to the need for auditors who possess IT knowledge and skills. This study reports the results of a study that investigates the level of IT knowledge and skills required for an IS auditor in the specific context of audit work in South Africa. Results of this study are based on a literature analysis and on data collected from different IS auditor practitioners. The aim of this study is to: (i) examine the IT knowledge and key areas of expertise required from an IS auditor; (ii) determine the educational qualifications required of an IS auditor; and (iii) evaluate the soft skills required from an IS auditor. This research involves a two-stage empirical study. Firstly, the study carried out a literature survey of IT knowledge and skills. Secondly, structured interviews were conducted with a sample of IS audit practitioners. The findings from this study make three main contributions to the field of IS auditing practice and auditing education. Firstly, the study will help in contributing to a theoretical enhancement of the current level of knowledge in the limited existing literature on IS auditors and the type of knowledge and skills that is required from the professionals to perform their duties effectively and add value to the organisation. Secondly, findings from this study are significant to the standards setters regulating the audit profession, academia designing university courses, and audit practitioners evaluating their own IT knowledge. An important contribution of this study is that the findings would initiate discussion, debate and action that would lead to positive changes in the South African IS auditing profession to ensure that IS auditors are on par with the latest technologies around the world.

by Anita, Wing-Ngar, Tsang. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-114). / Abstract also in Chinese. / ACKNOWLEDGMENT --- p.i / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.ii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.iv / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vi / ABSTRACT (CHINESE) --- p.vii / ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) --- p.viii / CHAPTER / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- THEORETICAL BACKGROUND --- p.5 / The Person-Organization Fit Framework --- p.5 / Role Motivation Theories --- p.8 / The Professions --- p.11 / Professional Role Motivation Theory --- p.14 / Role Theory and the Role Episode Model --- p.21 / Interrole Conflict Among Professionals --- p.23 / Person-role Conflict Among Professionals --- p.25 / Consequences of Role Conflict --- p.25 / Differential Effects of Positive and Negative Incongruence --- p.27 / Chapter III. --- HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY --- p.29 / Chapter IV. --- METHODS --- p.35 / Sample --- p.35 / Data Collection Procedures --- p.35 / Measures --- p.40 / Data Analyses --- p.58 / Chapter V. --- RESULTS --- p.61 / Basic Descriptive Statistics --- p.61 / Effects of Absolute Congruence Indexes on Perceived Role Conflict --- p.64 / Differential Effects of Positive and Negative Congruence Indexes --- p.67 / Chapter VI. --- DISCUSSION --- p.81 / Organizational-Professional Role Congruence and Interrole Conflict --- p.82 / Individual-Work Role Congruence and Person-Role Conflict --- p.86 / Perceived Role Conflict and Work Outcomes --- p.88 / Research and Managerial Implications --- p.89 / Limitations and Future Research --- p.93 / Conclusion --- p.95 / APPENDIX A --- p.97 / REFERENCES --- p.102