Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-11T18:26:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Morgana Mara Vaz da Silva Maselli.pdf: 1850065 bytes, checksum: 18dd8e33999d6d853db0bb00d5da600f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-11T18:26:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Morgana Mara Vaz da Silva Maselli.pdf: 1850065 bytes, checksum: 18dd8e33999d6d853db0bb00d5da600f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-19 / The National School Feeding Programme (PNAE) started in the 1950s is the world?s largest public school program and the oldest Brazilian food program. A major change in the PNAE occurred in the 1990s when the resource management and program execution has become responsibility of the states and municipalities. Another change, which brought great attention to the program and that was the focus of this work, took place with the enactment of Law n?11.947/09, which made it mandatory investment of at least 30% of school feeding resources with acquisition of family farming products. This change was the result of the insertion of PNAE in public policies of Food and Nutritional Security, which strengthened the role of the program as an instrument to strengthening family agriculture and guaranteeing the right to healthy food for public school students in the country. This policy opens the possibility of a large institutional market for products from family farms and can assist in the process of collective organization of this category of farmers. The implementation is an important element of the policy cycle, in which decisions are taken and strategies sets through which the objectives of a public policy can be achieved. In this dynamic process there are involved different social actors who need to talk to another. This leads us to reflect on the obstacles and challenges in implementing this policy. We decided to conduct evaluation of the implementation process of the acquisition of family farming products, with approach focused on the dynamics of social actors involved in implementing this policy in the Rio de Janeiro?s municipality. We present a literature review of PNAE trajectory and the difficulties already encountered in the implementation of the acquisition of family farming in large cities, such as the difficulty of dealing with the Public Call instrument, issuing Daps for family farmers and the logistics of delivering products. Then prepared a history of agriculture in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, addressing aspects of agricultural production and existing public policies for this sector. We reconstitute a history of the implementation process of the PNAE?s acquisition of family farming the city, starting from the narratives of farmers, the Consea-Rio and municipal managers. Finally, we present an assessment of (non) implementation of this acquisition, because despite some attempts put in place, the city still does not acquire genres of family farming for school feeding. The balance is the result of analysis of the interaction between the regulatory framework of PNAE at the national level, with political, social and economic characteristics of the local context and indicates the established negotiations and strategies designed for the policy to take effect. We note that the lack of knowledge of City Hall about the reality of family farming and the difficulty of dealing with the normative instruments can be a barrier to implementation. As well as the poor organization of municipal farmers in formal groups and the high degree of urbanization of the municipality. / O Programa Nacional de Alimenta??o Escolar (PNAE) iniciado na d?cada de 1950 ? o maior programa p?blico de alimenta??o escolar do mundo e o mais antigo programa brasileiro de alimenta??o. Uma grande mudan?a no PNAE ocorreu na d?cada de 1990 quando a gest?o dos recursos e a execu??o do programa passou a ser de responsabilidade dos estados e munic?pios. Outra mudan?a de impacto, que trouxe grande aten??o ao programa e que foi foco deste trabalho, deu-se com a promulga??o da Lei n?11.947/09, que tornou obrigat?rio o investimento de no m?nimo 30% dos recursos da alimenta??o escolar com aquisi??o de produtos da agricultura familiar. Esta mudan?a foi fruto da inser??o do PNAE nas pol?ticas p?blicas de seguran?a alimentar e nutricional, que buscou refor?ar o papel do programa como um instrumento de fortalecimento da agricultura familiar e de garantia do direito a uma alimenta??o saud?vel por alunos da rede p?blica de ensino do pa?s. Esta pol?tica abre a possibilidade de um volumoso mercado institucional para os produtos da agricultura familiar, podendo colaborar com o processo de organiza??o coletiva desta categoria de agricultores. A implementa??o ? um elemento importante do policy cycle, em que s?o tomadas decis?es e definidas estrat?gias atrav?s das quais poder?o ser atingidos os objetivos de uma pol?tica p?blica. Neste processo din?mico est?o envolvidos distintos atores sociais que precisam dialogar entre si. Isto nos leva a refletir sobre os entraves e desafios para a implementa??o desta pol?tica. Optamos por realizar avalia??o do processo de implementa??o da compra da agricultura familiar, com abordagem focada nas din?micas dos atores sociais envolvidos na implementa??o desta pol?tica no munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro. Apresentamos uma revis?o bibliogr?fica da trajet?ria do PNAE e as dificuldades j? encontradas na implementa??o da compra da agricultura familiar em munic?pios de grande porte, tais como a dificuldade de lidar com o instrumento Chamada P?blica, a emiss?o de Daps para os agricultores familiares e a log?stica de entrega dos produtos. Em seguida elaboramos um hist?rico da agricultura no munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro, abordando os aspectos da produ??o agr?cola e das pol?ticas p?blicas existentes para este setor. Reconstitu?mos um hist?rico do processo de implementa??o da compra da agricultura familiar para o PNAE no munic?pio partindo das narrativas dos agricultores, do Consea-Rio e dos gestores municipais. Ao final, apresentamos um balan?o da (n?o) implementa??o desta compra, posto que, apesar de algumas tentativas colocadas em pr?tica, a prefeitura ainda n?o adquire g?neros da agricultura familiar para alimenta??o escolar. O balan?o ? fruto da an?lise da intera??o entre a estrutura normativa do PNAE em n?vel nacional, com as caracter?sticas pol?ticas, sociais e econ?micas do contexto local e indica as negocia??es estabelecidas e as estrat?gias desenhadas para que a pol?tica seja efetivada. Indicamos que o pouco conhecimento da Prefeitura acerca da realidade da agricultura familiar e a dificuldade de lidar com os instrumentos normativos pode ser um entrave ? implementa??o. Assim como a pouca organiza??o dos agricultores do munic?pio em grupos formais e o alto grau de urbaniza??o do munic?pio.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-08-23T20:48:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Vanessa Schottz.pdf: 2466655 bytes, checksum: 43c66ef0b42bc287ab8efa3280adf6b2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T20:48:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Vanessa Schottz.pdf: 2466655 bytes, checksum: 43c66ef0b42bc287ab8efa3280adf6b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-31 / CAPES / Since 2003, the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) has been going through changes that involve the reformulation of its goals, principles and guidelines, as well as its operational design from the intersectoral perspective of Food and Nutritional Security (FNS). The legal framework for the program, endorsed in 2009, aims to establish a link between the supply of healthy food in the school, the educational process of learning and family-based agriculture, recognizing school meals as a human right. In accordance with some principles of FNS, innovations in the operating mode of the program are being introduced, principally with respect to the dynamics of public acquisition of food, by making the allocation of at least 30% of the funds for the direct purchase of products of family-based agriculture a compulsory measure, with exemption from public bids. This thesis proposes to analyze PNAE's historical trajectory and recent reformulation from an angle yet not much explored in public policies analysis: its instruments. It aimed to understand, based on an approach that focuses on the Instrumentation of Public Action (IAP), the following questions: i) how the choosing process of instruments to operationalize food acquisition from family-based agriculture took place; ii) which principles from FNS Security were incorporated to the instruments; iii) which actors participated on the process and which interaction were established between them; iv) which public controversies were present. The study has pointed out that that the context of strengthening of the dynamics of social-estate interfaces and the greater permeability of the Estate to public policies reorientation proposals in the light of FNS's principles has created opportunities for actors coalitions (governmental mand non-governmental) that were linked to the defense of FNS causes and family-based agriculture to articulate themselves around that new legal framework. There was an effort both to reorient the guidelines of PNAE and to participate on the choosing of instruments by these actors. The introduction of new acquisition mechanisms in the PNAE involved the conformation of new field of controversies, because the changes affect the interface between public and market action. The mapping process done within the PNAE Managing Committee and Advisory Group (formal spaces aiming at the program's regulaion) has pointed out that the main controversies revolved around the following questions: i) the choosing of the operationalization modality to purchase from family-base agriculture; ii) the adoption of selection criteria bounded to the guidelines of PNAE substituting the purchasing processes that were linked to low-prices; iii) the definition of the price methodology; iv) the definition of a selling limit in a year; v) the connection between the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) and the PNAE. When we investigate the ... / Desde 2003, o Programa Nacional de Alimenta??o Escolar (PNAE) vem passando por mudan?as que envolvem a reformula??o de seus objetivos, princ?pios e diretrizes e desenho operacional a partir da perspectiva intersetorial de Seguran?a Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN). O marco legal do Programa, aprovado em 2009, estabelece um elo entre a oferta de alimentos saud?veis na escola, o processo de ensino-aprendizagem e a agricultura familiar, reconhecendo a alimenta??o escolar como um direito humano. Em conson?ncia com alguns princ?pios de SAN, foram introduzidas inova??es no modus operandi do programa, principalmente no que se refere ?s din?micas de aquisi??o p?blicas de alimentos, ao tornar obrigat?ria a destina??o de no m?nimo trinta por cento dos recursos para a compra direta da agricultura familiar, com dispensa de licita??o. Essa tese se prop?s a analisar a trajet?ria hist?rica e o processo recente de reformula??o do PNAE a partir de um ?ngulo ainda pouco explorado nas an?lises de pol?ticas p?blicas, os seus instrumentos. Buscou-se compreender, a partir da abordagem da Instrumenta??o da A??o P?blica (IAP), as seguintes quest?es: i) como se sucedeu a escolha dos instrumentos para operacionalizar a aquisi??o de alimentos da agricultura familiar; ii) quais foram os princ?pios de SAN incorporados aos instrumentos; iii) quais foram os atores que incidiram sobre esse processo e quais as din?micas de intera??o estabelecidas entre eles; iv) que controv?rsias estiveram presentes. O estudo apontou que o contexto de fortalecimento das interfaces socioestatais e de maior permeabilidade do Estado ? reorienta??o das pol?ticas p?blicas, ? luz dos princ?pios de SAN, criou oportunidades para que coaliz?es de atores (governamentais e n?o governamentais), vinculados ? defesa das causas da SAN e da agricultura familiar, se articulassem em torno desse novo marco legal. Houve, por parte destes atores, tanto um esfor?o por reorientar as diretrizes do PNAE, quanto por incidir sobre a escolha dos instrumentos. A introdu??o de novos mecanismos de compra no ?mbito do PNAE envolveu a conforma??o de um campo de controv?rsias, j? que as mudan?as incidem na interface entre a a??o p?blica e um mercado bem estabilizado. O mapeamento efetuado no ?mbito do Comit? Gestor e do Grupo Consultivo do PNAE (espa?os formais voltados para a regulamenta??o do programa) apontou que as principais controv?rsias giraram em torno das seguintes quest?es: i) a escolha da modalidade de operacionaliza??o de compra da agricultura familiar; ii) a ado??o de crit?rios de sele??o vinculados ?s diretrizes do PNAE em substitui??o ? compra pelo menor pre?o; iii) a defini??o da metodologia de pre?os; iv) o estabelecimento do limite de venda por ano; v) a conex?o entre o Programa de Aquisi??o de Alimentos (PAA) e o PNAE. Ao colocar uma lente sobre a instrumenta??o, buscamos evidenciar que as din?micas associadas ? constru??o desses dispositivos s?o t?o importantes quanto os princ?pios e os objetivos que orientam as pol?ticas p?blicas, particularmente quando se trata de abordagens inovadoras e de car?ter intersetorial como a SAN.