Cette thèse porte en premier lieu sur l'analyse et le désassemblage de programmes malveillants utilisant certaines techniques d'obscurcissement telles que l'auto-modification et le chevauchement de code. Les programmes malveillants trouvés dans la pratique utilisent massivement l'auto-modification pour cacher leur code utile à un analyste. Nous proposons une technique d'analyse hybride qui utilise une trace d'exécution déterminée par analyse dynamique. Cette analyse découpe le programme auto-modifiant en plusieurs sous-parties non auto-modifiantes que nous pouvons alors étudier par analyse statique en utilisant la trace comme guide. Cette seconde analyse contourne d'autres techniques de protection comme le chevauchement de code afin de reconstruire le graphe de flot de contrôle du binaire analysé. Nous étudions également un détecteur de programmes malveillants, fonctionnant par analyse morphologique : il compare les graphes de flot de contrôle d'un programme à analyser à ceux de programmes connus comme malveillants. Nous proposons une formalisation de ce problème de comparaison de graphes, des algorithmes permettant de le résoudre efficacement et détaillons des cas concrets d'application à la détection de similarités logicielles / This dissertation explores tactics for analysis and disassembly of malwares using some obfuscation techniques such as self-modification and code overlapping. Most malwares found in the wild use self-modification in order to hide their payload from an analyst. We propose an hybrid analysis which uses an execution trace derived from a dynamic analysis. This analysis cuts the self-modifying binary into several non self-modifying parts that we can examine through a static analysis using the trace as a guide. This second analysis circumvents more protection techniques such as code overlapping in order to recover the control flow graph of the studied binary. Moreover we review a morphological malware detector which compares the control flow graph of the studied binary against those of known malwares. We provide a formalization of this graph comparison problem along with efficient algorithms that solve it and a use case in the software similarity field

Ce projet de recherche porte sur l’étude du décor des villas impériales dans le suburbium de Rome, avec le but de comprendre, à l’aide des sources littéraires, archéologiques et épigraphiques, comment se caractérisaient ces villas tant du point de vue de leur conception architecturale que de leur décoration. Chaque villa a fait l’objet d’un dossier dans lequel tous les éléments du décor ont été organisés, classifiés et interprétés. Par la suite, on a procédé à une comparaison entre les éléments décoratifs caractérisant les villas du suburbium et ceux des autres grandes résidences impériales connues dans la région du Latium. On a pu analyser l’évolution du rapport entre architecture et décor dans les différents espaces de la villa impériale (pièces de représentation, thermes, jardins, édifices de spectacle,…), ainsi que le programme décoratif sculpté, qui nous renseigne sur le travail des ateliers et sur les choix de thématiques spécifiques de la part des empereurs, comme celle du mythe des Niobides ou des épisodes de l’Odyssée. De surcroît, l’analyse topographique et chronologique des contextes a permis, d’un côté, de comprendre les dynamiques de l’occupation du territoire de la part du pouvoir impérial et de l’autre, d’analyser le processus de formation, évolution et transformation de ces résidences. À travers l’étude des complexes résidentiels suburbains, on explore les possibilités d’approche à l’intérieur du plus ample questionnement sur l’identification d’une villa impériale, une problématique qui n’a jamais été abordée de façon complète et systématique. / The research project, presented in this manuscript, illustrates the decoration of imperial villas in the Roman suburbium. Thanks to literary, archaeological and epigraphic sources, its purpose is to understand how these villas were characterised both from the point of view of their architecture as of their decoration. Indeed, each villa has been subject of accurate investigations, in which all elements were parsed, classified and interpreted. Subsequently, the attention is focused on the comparison between the decorative features of the suburbium’s villas and those of the other imperial residences scattered in Latium region. This allowed to analyse in details the evolution of the correlation between architecture and decor in the different areas of the imperial villa (representative rooms, thermal baths, gardens, entertainment buildings,…). In addition, it helped understanding the choice of sculptural subjects made by the emperors, such as the group of Niobids or Odyssey episodes. Moreover, topographic and chronological studies of these contexts gave the opportunity to understand the occupation dynamics of the territory on the part of the imperial power, but also to analyse the formation, evolution and transformation processes of these residences. Finally, through the study of suburban residential complexes, it is possible to face the wider questioning on the identification of an imperial villa, an issue that has never been approached in an exhaustive and systematic way.

The topic of this thesis is the academic development of students with specific learning disabilities (SLD) at the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, specifically at the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences. The thesis is mainly concerned with the analysis of individual study programmes and fields in the context of the study specification demands, the results of which will be used in the research of the GA JU project implemented by the Department of Pedagogy and Psychology of the Faculty of Education. The introduction of the theoretical part describes the current state of knowledge about the problems of specific learning disorders. First, the basic concepts and the divisions of learning disorders according to the affected area are defined. Then, the etiology of specific learning disabilities is presented, followed by a chapter focused on symptoms of learning disabilities, diagnosis and reeducation. The next chapter is focused on the adult, his / her development in biological and psychological terms. Diagnostics and re-education in adulthood are also presented in this chapter. In the theoretical part, attention is also paid to the education of individuals with specific learning disabilities in secondary school and university. The conclusion of the theoretical part is devoted to universities in general, then to the University of South Bohemia and the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences itself. The aim of the practical part is to analyze all study programmes that can currently be studied at the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences in full-time study. Individual subjects taught in the given study programme will be the core of the analysis. The criteria will be pre-defined in order to determine the level of study demands.

Many studies evidence the importance of metacognition in successful learning. Metacognitive skills improve the academic outcomes of learners. Additionally, metacognitive skills build lifelong learning skills, which are transferable to employment and other contexts. As such, developing metacognition in students is of great value to universities as society as a whole. This study explores the perceptions of lecturers and student teachers in a College of Education at a University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) regarding the presence and promotion of metacognitive skills at the University in which the study took place. The study spanned three departments in the College, namely Kindergarten, Special Education, and Art Education. The study employs an interpretive research approach and case study methodology to gather this rich understanding of lecturers’ and students’ perceptions. Data were collected from twelve lecturers and twelve undergraduate students through a combination of lecture room observations, semi-structured interviews, and group interviews. The most significant finding emerging from this study is the lack of lecturer participants’ knowledge regarding metacognition generally. My study found that skills such as planning, monitoring, and evaluating skills were sometimes present in their teaching, but were not used to engage students in thinking metacognitively or developing their own metacognitive abilities. I found that metacognition was not present consistently or intentionally in lecture rooms. The findings further exposed some obstacles which could inhibit the promotion of metacognition in higher education in KSA. For example, traditional methods of rote learning were shown to discourage metacognitive thinking. Large student numbers and lecturers’ lack of time could prohibit lecturers from investing in teaching metacognitive skills to their students. Students’ apathy towards anything other than memorising facts to pass examinations and acquire grades could also demotivate them to learn valuable skills like metacognition without comprehensive changes to educational norms. The study identified multiple ways in which metacognition could be promoted in higher education in KSA. For example, diversifying teaching practices to include more active learning methods such as discussion and questioning would be more effective than the current prevalent method of lecturing and learning by memorising. Lecturers could role-model metacognitive skills to their students by incorporating metacognition into their own practice, and thus incorporate it into existing courses. Students could be motivated to develop metacognitive skills by discovering the benefits to them of metacognition on both their academic success and their future careers. The study’s findings supported the importance of including metacognition in higher education and advocating it to students as a valuable skill. Thus, there is a need to establish mechanisms or frameworks for integrating metacognition into higher education in KSA, and communities of practice which support the development of metacognitive skills among lecturers and student teachers who will be the teachers of tomorrow. I therefore offer a model with recommendations for practical uptake to expedite this, and support it with this study's evidence.

Esta tese teve como objetivo geral investigar a inserção profissional de egressos dos cursos de licenciatura em música de instituições de ensino superior (IES) públicas do estado do Paraná, formados entre 2009 e 2014. Os objetivos específicos buscaram: examinar a situação profissional dos egressos; analisar a relação entre a situação profissional dos egressos e sua formação acadêmica; verificar as condições de trabalho dos egressos; e analisar o grau de satisfação com o trabalho que exercem. A inserção profissional é entendida como um processo não linear e multidimensional, sendo dependente de fatores individuais e institucionais, ideias que orientam teoricamente este trabalho. O método escolhido foi o survey por questionário autoadministrado via internet, respondido por uma amostra de 215 egressos. Os dados foram organizados em dois grandes eixos: perfil dos egressos, configurado a partir de dados sociodemográficos, percurso de formação e avaliação da formação acadêmica, e inserção profissional dos egressos. Os resultados indicam precocidade na inserção profissional dos egressos, inserção que, para a maioria deles, se inicia antes mesmo do ingresso no curso de licenciatura, por meio do exercício da docência de música, de outras atividades no campo da música e, ainda, de atividades em outra área que não a música. Quase a totalidade dos egressos se inseriu profissionalmente após a conclusão do curso. Mantém-se o perfil de atuação em múltiplas atividades, embora seja preponderante o trabalho como professor de música, sinalizando que os cursos de licenciatura em música estão a cumprir sua finalidade central de formar professores. Além disso, a maioria dos egressos não tem passado por fases de desemprego, mostrando que têm conseguido se inserir no mercado de trabalho. De modo geral, mostram-se satisfeitos com seu percurso e situação profissional atual, porém, mostram-se insatisfeitos ou pouco satisfeitos com o seu nível salarial. Esta pesquisa, ao fornecer dados acerca da inserção profissional de licenciados em música, possibilitou um mapeamento inicial das atividades profissionais desses egressos no âmbito do estado do Paraná, podendo contribuir para aprofundar o conhecimento acerca da atuação profissional de licenciados em música e para subsidiar novas reflexões sobre a formação de professores de música. / The general aim of this thesis was to investigate the professional insertion of graduates of degree programmes in music education, offered by public higher education institutions of the state of Parana, Brazil, graduated from 2009 to 2014. The specific objectives sought to examine the occupational status of the graduates; to analyse the relationship between the professional status of the graduates and their higher education; to verify the working conditions of the graduates; and to analyse their level of satisfaction towards their work. Professional insertion is understood as a non-linear and multidimensional process, which depends upon both individual and institutional factors, ideas that theoretically guided this research. The method chosen to carry out this research was the survey, by means of a self-administered online questionnaire, which has been answered by a sample of 215 graduates. Collected data were organized in two main axes: the graduates‟ profile, composed of sociodemographic information, training path, and evaluation of the higher education program; and the graduates‟ professional insertion. The results indicate precocity in the graduates‟ professional insertion, which, in most cases, begins even before entering the higher education programmes, in activities of music teaching, other activities in the field of music, and, even, activities in areas not related to music. Almost all graduates were employed after the completion of their degree courses. The practice of multiple activities is kept, even though music teaching practice is predominant, indicating that the degree courses in music education are fulfilling their main purpose of teachers training. Moreover, most of the graduates have not experienced situations of unemployment, demonstrating they have managed to enter the labour market. They are satisfied with their professional paths and professional status. However, they are dissatisfied or just a little satisfied with their wage level. By providing data on the professional insertion of graduates in music education, this research has enabled an initial mapping of the professional activities of these graduates within the state of Parana, which can contribute to deepen the knowledge about the professional performance of those graduates, and to subsidize further reflexion on music teachers‟ education.

Despite the fact that innovation is rapidly emerging as an important topic in tourism policy there is still a gap between work on tourism policy and that on innovation outcomes which tend to be disconnected. In particular, this study bridges that gap by bringing together knowledge on tourism, innovation and policy. It connects a range of concepts from these fields and brings them into tourism studies using them to explore a number of significant innovation practices and processes. The aim of this research was to gain insight into the innovation outcomes of the tourism policy process and governmental strategies to encourage innovation by observing the implementation process and innovation outcomes of selected tourism innovation programmes in Spain. The study approaches this aim from different angles. It examines from a longitudinal perspective the outcomes of tourism policy changes in order to identify innovation. It also observes the expectations and limitations of governmental stimuli for tourism innovation. Additionally, it examines the relationship between innovation policy and tourism policy, particularly where they intersect. Finally, more specific and operative aspects of programme implementation and innovation outcomes are addressed through the exploration of two tourism innovation programmes targeting different agents and forms of attaining innovation: one is a clusters programme targeting cooperative innovation and the other a young entrepreneurs programme with innovation being at the heart of enterprise startups. The entrepreneurs’ case study additionally addresses a major gap in understanding the process of innovation. The study adopts a multi-methods approach combining different methodologies according to the research aims: contents analysis, supervision and policies evaluation and a participatory methodology for the selected case studies. It employs different qualitative research methods to actively engage policy programmes’ participants and, where possible, policy administrators in order to construct an in-depth portrayal of innovation outcomes and policy programmes’ effectiveness. Through this multi-methods approach, the study makes a number of contributions. First, it provides evidence of how innovation outcomes of tourism policy are difficult to attain and therefore infrequent being highly influenced by factors such as crisis or periods of significant change. The analysis also confirms the rarity of policy innovation and the predominance of incremental adaptation and policy succession. Second, the study provides a longitudinal view of the governmental stimulus to tourism innovation through a mix of policy instruments. Innovation has gradually gained importance since its first introduction in the 90s as a goal in the tourism policy albeit with an evident technological bias. Third, subtle and not always evident interactions have been found between tourism policy and innovation policy, even though tourism is still not considered as a national priority for the innovation policy. Fourth, the innovative clusters case study provides evidence of the difficulties in translating policy ideals like innovation into action and the questionable effectiveness of these types of systemic instruments to promote tourism innovation. Finally, by exploring the entrepreneurs’ innovation journey, the study had a privileged look inside the “black box” which constitutes the innovation process in tourism, its characteristics and the multiple factors which positively influence the success of the journey. In summary, through all the different case studies selected, the research has contributed to understanding the phenomenon of innovation from the point of view of those initiating and managing the innovation process. It has provided evidence of the implementation of this abstract concept by multiple-scale agents and thus being introduced in different specific contexts: government policy, clusters and entrepreneurs. It has also shown evidence of how the innovation process works in practice in all these different settings, its limitations and the difficulties involved in conducting the process successfully to make innovation happen. All the different obstacles found confirm that innovation is a complex process and indicate why it is rare to find it in practice.

Thesis (MBA.) -- University of Limpopo, 2015 / This report focused on investigating the awareness and utilisation of government programme for development and support of SMMEs. The study acknowledges the fact that youth participation in entrepreneurial activities can reduce the high number of unemployment in the country and can contribute in the economy of especially rural areas. This was a qualitative study conducted in Mankweng area in Limpopo and the focus group was the youth who have post-matric qualifications. The sample consisted of fifteen graduates, of ages 25 to 35, who were not working and actively looking for employment. Male participants in the study formed 33 per cent, while the female participants were at 67 per cent. The main findings were that only a few of the participants were aware of the available government support programmes. Of those that were aware, many were unsure about how to access these programmes while others did not even think about starting their own businesses. The study recommends that these programmes ought to be accessible to the local government and should form part of the developmental programme of municipalities to ensure greater awareness and utilisation; and that youth need to be encouraged to start thinking more about starting their own businesses as an alternative to formal employment

L'évaluation des universités est un processus par lequel une institution compare ses objectifs déclarés (ou ses progrès) avec ceux des années précédentes. La première approche de l'évaluation universitaire en Europe a commencé dans les années 1990, lorsque le processus externe d'assurance qualité a été adopté par le Conseil Européen des ministres de l'enseignement ainsi que l'évaluation des activités d'apprentissage dans les État membres. Mais l'activité de l'évaluation institutionnelle est considérée aujourd'hui comme le produit principal du processus de Bologne au sein de l'Europe. La qualité de l'enseignement supérieur en Europe est en effet suivie surveillée par différentes agences d'accréditation. La méta-évaluation de es organismes se fait par ENQA (European association for quality assurance in Higher Education). / University evaluation is a process by which an institution compares its stated goals or progress with those attained in preceding years. The first approach of university evaluation in Europe began in 1990s when the European Council of ministers adopted external quality assurance process to evaluate teaching and learning activities in the member state. The Bologna process further organized the activity of institutional evaluation across Europe. The quality of higher education in Europe is monitored by different quality and accreditation agencies. It is the European association for quality assurance in Higher Education (ENQA) that carries out the meta-evaluation of these agencies.

Thesis (MBA) -- University of Limpopo, 2008 / Land reform is divided into three sub-programmes, which are redistribution programmes, restitution and tenure reform. The redistribution programme consists of Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development settlement and non-agricultural enterprises. Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development programme was established to redress the imbalances of land owners aroused from the previous government and its policies. A person who qualifies to purchase farms through the Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development programme is a previously disadvantaged person, that is, an African, Coloured and Indian. If a person belongs to a previously disadvantaged group and that particular person works for the government he/she does not qualify to be funded by the Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development programme. The National Department of Agriculture introduced a new programme called the Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme. The primary aim of the Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme is to make provision for agricultural support to targeted beneficiaries of the land reform and agrarian reform programme. This dissertation proposed an investigation of the success factors of Comprehensive agricultural Support programme on the farms allocated under the Land redistribution for Agricultural Development in the Waterberg District of the Limpopo Province. The objectives of study were: i. To determine factors influencing the success of the Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme projects on farms allocated under the Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development farms ii. To suggest recommendations for the improvement of the implementation of the Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme. iv A case study approach was used to investigate the Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme funded projects. Personal interview questions were posed to participants who were the farmers who receiving the Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme grant and managers who were managing the Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development farms. Open-ended questionnaires were used to collect data and four farms allocated under Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development funded by the Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme and four municipal managers in the Waterberg District of the Limpopo Province were interviewed. The qualitative approach was used to process the data The chapter layouts of this research are as follows: Chapter 1: Problem Statement, Aims and Objectives of the Study, Chapter 2: Literature Survey, Chapter 3: Research Design, Chapter 4: Analysis of Data and Interpretation, and Chapter 5: Recommendations and Conclusion. The analysis of the data revealed that Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme is a success on the farms allocated under the Land redistribution for Agricultural Development in the Waterberg District of the Limpopo Province.

Introduction Schistosomiasis is one of the most important and widespread diseases of rural poverty. Worldwide, approximately 779 million people are at risk of infection, with 207 million already infected. Infections with Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworms and Trichuris trichiura, collectively known as the soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), are also highly endemic throughout the tropics, particularly in resource-poor settings. An estimated 1 billion people worldwide are estimated to be infected with STHs. Schistosomes and STHs often co-exist in the same epidemiological settings and, given the high prevalence of concurrent multiple species infections (multiparasitism), a combined approach to prevention and control could lead to significant improvements, including reducing costs associated with single-species control programmes. In China, rigorous national schistosomiasis control efforts over the past 60 years have decreased the prevalence by over 90%; however, since 2000 the number of infected individuals has been rising, possibly indicative of a re-emergence. Fishermen, migrant communities and poor households in rural areas may be most at risk of single and multiple-species parasitic infections and the associated morbidity. Objectives This Ph.D. thesis is structured according to four main goals and a number of specific objectives: Firstly, to update estimates of S. japonicum prevalence, intensity and associated morbidity levels in Hunan province, China, according to the third national PES carried out in 2004; Secondly, to investigate existing barriers in access to preventive, diagnostic and treatment services for advanced schistosomiasis; Thirdly, to compare and evaluate direct and proxy methods of measuring household socio-economic position, according to data on income, savings and asset-based estimations of wealth; and Finally, to explore and identify behavioural, demographic, economic, environmental and social risk factors associated with the distribution of S. japonicum, STHs and multiple species infections, in two villages of the Dongting Lake region, Hunan province, China. Methods Firstly, we used data from the third national schistosomiasis periodic epidemiological survey (PES) of 2004. In Hunan province, the PES was carried out in 47 villages of the endemic Dongting lake area. A total of 47144 human serological, 7205 stool, and 3893 clinical examinations were performed. For the reservoir hosts, stools from 874 buffaloes and other domestic animals were examined for schistosomiasis by the miracidial hatching test. Secondly, we conducted an in-depth study involving interviews with 66 schistosomiasis control staff and 79 advanced schistosomiasis patient, and six focus group discussions (FGDs), in the Dongting lake region, between August 2002 and February 2003. Using the Health-Access Livelihood framework we examined availability, accessibility, affordability, adequacy and acceptability of schistosomiasis control in the Dongting lake area. Lastly, we carried out two village-wide parasitological, clinical and questionnaire-based investigations between October and December 2006. Parasitological examinations for the prevalence of S. japonicum and the STHs were performed by the Kato-Katz thick smear method, with repeated sampling of each individual. We took fingerprick blood samples to assess haemoglobin levels, using a B-haemoglobin HemoCue photometer. The household-based questionnaire focused on direct and proxy measurements of household wealth, while the individual-based questionnaire focused on demographic and behavioural factors, treatment history and self-perceived symptoms. Results Human sero-prevalence was 11.9% (range: 1.3-34.9% at village level), and the rate of egg-positive stools was 1.9% (0-10.9%) for the same population. The prevalence of infection among buffaloes was 9.5% (0-66.7%). Extrapolating to the entire population of the Dongting Lake region, an estimated 73225 people and 13973 buffaloes were infected. Most frequently reported symptoms were abdominal pain (6.2%) and bloody stools (2.7%). Accessibility and affordability were major barriers in access to schistosomiasis control. Many of staff interviewed indicated that a majority of patients who develop advanced schistosomiasis resided in mildly-endemic or non-endemic settings. None of the patients interviewed had any form of health insurance, and most of their health expenses were out-of-pocket payments. Exploratory factor analysis generated internally robust proxy wealth indices, however these were not complementary to direct measures of household wealth, as indicated by low correlation co-efficients. We found wide disparities in household ownership of durable assets, utility and sanitation, within both settings. Pooled data from the rural and peri-urban settings highlighted structural differences in socioeconomic position (SEP), more likely a result of localised urbanization and modernization. We found higher infection prevalences in rural settings, than in peri-urban settings, for schistosomiasis (6.3% and 6.7% respectively), ascariasis (8.3% and 2.2%, respectively) and trichuriasis (5.1% and 0.5%, respectively), but lower for hookworms (0.1% and 1.5% respectively). Multiple species infections (2.6% and 0.2%, respectively) were less prevalent than single species infections (14.5% and 10.4%). There were significant disparities in the prevalence of parasitic infections between poorest and least poor quintiles of the cohort population. Anaemia and other symptoms, especially headache, stomach ache and swollen stomach, were common in both rural and peri-urban village settings. Conclusion The studies conducted within the framework of this Ph.D. thesis document the current situation pertaining to schistosomiasis and the STHs in Hunan province, China. Our findings highlight the need for increased surveillance, monitoring and health education, with relation to schistosomiasis and STHs, in non-endemic or post-transmission control settings. Based upon these results, we call for improved diagnostic tools, particularly in the case of low intensity infections and for hookworm, and propose an extension of the use of available infrastructure, human resources, knowledge and technology by integrating prevention and control of schistosomiasis with that of other intestinal helminths, particularly STHs. In the future, our studies may form a base from which to further examine local needs and priorities for parasitic disease control in the area.