The target of this thesis is to formulate and defend the statement that there is no clear distinction between the propaganda and public relations methods in the field of international politics. The fundamentals of this thesis represent empirical observations and their subsequent analysis in various case studies. Many of these case studies date back to early history, that's why the corresponding literature was used as source of information. In addition, the nature of propaganda is often connected with miscellaneous affairs of international extent. Its true impact is revealed eventually. To confirm the preliminary thesis there are partial targets and steps stated in the introduction. The first step was to determine own area of definitions, in compliance with the generally accepted standpoints, to which I also often refer. To support my thesis I decided to apply some mathematical processes, and so I imagined the notions as sets according to certain criterion. This way of thinking allowed me to view the notions as non-empty set, equal to the intersection of international politics, propaganda and public relations. An important part of this thesis is the chapter dealing with contemporary literature regarding the issues of propaganda and PR. Various interesting not necessarily historically important case studies of propaganda campaigns represent another partial step confirming the thesis that propaganda and public relations in international relations are not importantly different.

Frederico José de Santa-Anna Nery, o barão de Santa-Anna Nery, nasceu em Belém do Pará no dia 28 de maio de 1848. Após seus 14 anos de idade, passou a viver na Europa, onde desenvolveu diversas atividades, destacando-se como jornalista. Tornou-se redator-chefe de diversos jornais e revistas em Paris onde fixou residência a partir de 1874 que tinham o intuito de divulgar o Brasil e, secundariamente, os demais países da chamada América Latina na Europa. Deste modo, esta tese se propõe a analisar a significação histórica da experiência de Santa-Anna Nery como propagandista do Brasil na Europa em fins do século XIX. Buscase, nesse contexto, compreender de que forma o personagem em foco atuou como agente ou reprodutor de uma ideia de Brasil na Europa. Para tanto, a análise de sua trajetória, de sua formação e de seus círculos sociais, que lhe auxiliaram em sua missão patriótica, se mostraram metodologicamente necessários. Ao viver e participar da transição entre o princípio da nacionalidade e da ideia nacional, Santa-Anna Nery representou esses intelectuais pequeno-burgueses que transformaram o patriotismo em nacionalismo quando forneceram à consciência nacional, encarnado na língua, na religião, no folclore, na raça, no território, os critérios da definição de nacionalidade. Auxiliando, e muito, na divulgação e consolidação da latinização da nação e do território brasileiro. Por fim, defende-se que o esquecimento deste autor por parte da historiografia brasileira republicana deve-se ao fato de ele ter tido estreitas relações tanto com a antiga monarquia, quanto com a Igreja Católica; além de seu suposto envolvimento com o chamado jacobinismo, durante o governo de Prudente de Moraes. A sondagem feita na vida e obra do autor pode contribuir para tirar uma espécie de véu do período que envolve o apagar do Império e o despertar da República no Brasil / Frederico José de Santa-Anna Nery, Baron of Santa-Anna Nery, was born in Belém (the capital of Brazilian state Pará) on May 28, 1848. At fourteen, he moved to Europe and then worked in several activities, succeeding as a journalist. Became editor-in-chief of a variety of newspapers and magazines in Paris where he settled since 1874 designed for promoting Brazil as well as the other countries of the so-called Latin America in Europe. So, this thesis aims to analyze the historical significance of the experience of Santa-Anna Nery as a propagandist of Brazil in Europe in the late nineteenth century. The quest, in this context, is to grasp how the concerned character acted as an agent or as a reproducer of a certain concept of Brazil in Europe. For this purpose, the analysis of his trajectory, his training and his coteries, that assisted him in his \"patriotic\" mission, proved to be necessary methodologically. Living and taking part of the transition between the \"principle of nationality\" and the \"national idea\", Santa-Anna Nery represented the \"petty-bourgeois intellectuals\" that turned \"patriotism\" into nationalism by providing to the \"national consciousness\" embodied in language, religion, folklore, race, territory the criteria of the definition of nationality. This process greatly helped the promotion and setting of the \"Latinization\" of the country and of the Brazilian territory. Lastly, it is argued that the neglect of this author by the Brazilian republican historiography is due to the fact he had close relations with both the old monarchy and the Catholic church, apart from his alleged implication with the so-called \"Jacobinism\" during the government of the president Prudente de Moraes. The survey conducted in the author\'s life and work can contribute to remove the veil of the period between the fading of the Empire and the awakening of the Republic in Brazil

Frederico José de Santa-Anna Nery, o barão de Santa-Anna Nery, nasceu em Belém do Pará no dia 28 de maio de 1848. Após seus 14 anos de idade, passou a viver na Europa, onde desenvolveu diversas atividades, destacando-se como jornalista. Tornou-se redator-chefe de diversos jornais e revistas em Paris onde fixou residência a partir de 1874 que tinham o intuito de divulgar o Brasil e, secundariamente, os demais países da chamada América Latina na Europa. Deste modo, esta tese se propõe a analisar a significação histórica da experiência de Santa-Anna Nery como propagandista do Brasil na Europa em fins do século XIX. Buscase, nesse contexto, compreender de que forma o personagem em foco atuou como agente ou reprodutor de uma ideia de Brasil na Europa. Para tanto, a análise de sua trajetória, de sua formação e de seus círculos sociais, que lhe auxiliaram em sua missão patriótica, se mostraram metodologicamente necessários. Ao viver e participar da transição entre o princípio da nacionalidade e da ideia nacional, Santa-Anna Nery representou esses intelectuais pequeno-burgueses que transformaram o patriotismo em nacionalismo quando forneceram à consciência nacional, encarnado na língua, na religião, no folclore, na raça, no território, os critérios da definição de nacionalidade. Auxiliando, e muito, na divulgação e consolidação da latinização da nação e do território brasileiro. Por fim, defende-se que o esquecimento deste autor por parte da historiografia brasileira republicana deve-se ao fato de ele ter tido estreitas relações tanto com a antiga monarquia, quanto com a Igreja Católica; além de seu suposto envolvimento com o chamado jacobinismo, durante o governo de Prudente de Moraes. A sondagem feita na vida e obra do autor pode contribuir para tirar uma espécie de véu do período que envolve o apagar do Império e o despertar da República no Brasil / Frederico José de Santa-Anna Nery, Baron of Santa-Anna Nery, was born in Belém (the capital of Brazilian state Pará) on May 28, 1848. At fourteen, he moved to Europe and then worked in several activities, succeeding as a journalist. Became editor-in-chief of a variety of newspapers and magazines in Paris where he settled since 1874 designed for promoting Brazil as well as the other countries of the so-called Latin America in Europe. So, this thesis aims to analyze the historical significance of the experience of Santa-Anna Nery as a propagandist of Brazil in Europe in the late nineteenth century. The quest, in this context, is to grasp how the concerned character acted as an agent or as a reproducer of a certain concept of Brazil in Europe. For this purpose, the analysis of his trajectory, his training and his coteries, that assisted him in his \"patriotic\" mission, proved to be necessary methodologically. Living and taking part of the transition between the \"principle of nationality\" and the \"national idea\", Santa-Anna Nery represented the \"petty-bourgeois intellectuals\" that turned \"patriotism\" into nationalism by providing to the \"national consciousness\" embodied in language, religion, folklore, race, territory the criteria of the definition of nationality. This process greatly helped the promotion and setting of the \"Latinization\" of the country and of the Brazilian territory. Lastly, it is argued that the neglect of this author by the Brazilian republican historiography is due to the fact he had close relations with both the old monarchy and the Catholic church, apart from his alleged implication with the so-called \"Jacobinism\" during the government of the president Prudente de Moraes. The survey conducted in the author\'s life and work can contribute to remove the veil of the period between the fading of the Empire and the awakening of the Republic in Brazil