Thesis (doctoral)--University of Marburg. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Frederico José de Santa-Anna Nery, o barão de Santa-Anna Nery, nasceu em Belém do Pará no dia 28 de maio de 1848. Após seus 14 anos de idade, passou a viver na Europa, onde desenvolveu diversas atividades, destacando-se como jornalista. Tornou-se redator-chefe de diversos jornais e revistas em Paris onde fixou residência a partir de 1874 que tinham o intuito de divulgar o Brasil e, secundariamente, os demais países da chamada América Latina na Europa. Deste modo, esta tese se propõe a analisar a significação histórica da experiência de Santa-Anna Nery como propagandista do Brasil na Europa em fins do século XIX. Buscase, nesse contexto, compreender de que forma o personagem em foco atuou como agente ou reprodutor de uma ideia de Brasil na Europa. Para tanto, a análise de sua trajetória, de sua formação e de seus círculos sociais, que lhe auxiliaram em sua missão patriótica, se mostraram metodologicamente necessários. Ao viver e participar da transição entre o princípio da nacionalidade e da ideia nacional, Santa-Anna Nery representou esses intelectuais pequeno-burgueses que transformaram o patriotismo em nacionalismo quando forneceram à consciência nacional, encarnado na língua, na religião, no folclore, na raça, no território, os critérios da definição de nacionalidade. Auxiliando, e muito, na divulgação e consolidação da latinização da nação e do território brasileiro. Por fim, defende-se que o esquecimento deste autor por parte da historiografia brasileira republicana deve-se ao fato de ele ter tido estreitas relações tanto com a antiga monarquia, quanto com a Igreja Católica; além de seu suposto envolvimento com o chamado jacobinismo, durante o governo de Prudente de Moraes. A sondagem feita na vida e obra do autor pode contribuir para tirar uma espécie de véu do período que envolve o apagar do Império e o despertar da República no Brasil / Frederico José de Santa-Anna Nery, Baron of Santa-Anna Nery, was born in Belém (the capital of Brazilian state Pará) on May 28, 1848. At fourteen, he moved to Europe and then worked in several activities, succeeding as a journalist. Became editor-in-chief of a variety of newspapers and magazines in Paris where he settled since 1874 designed for promoting Brazil as well as the other countries of the so-called Latin America in Europe. So, this thesis aims to analyze the historical significance of the experience of Santa-Anna Nery as a propagandist of Brazil in Europe in the late nineteenth century. The quest, in this context, is to grasp how the concerned character acted as an agent or as a reproducer of a certain concept of Brazil in Europe. For this purpose, the analysis of his trajectory, his training and his coteries, that assisted him in his \"patriotic\" mission, proved to be necessary methodologically. Living and taking part of the transition between the \"principle of nationality\" and the \"national idea\", Santa-Anna Nery represented the \"petty-bourgeois intellectuals\" that turned \"patriotism\" into nationalism by providing to the \"national consciousness\" embodied in language, religion, folklore, race, territory the criteria of the definition of nationality. This process greatly helped the promotion and setting of the \"Latinization\" of the country and of the Brazilian territory. Lastly, it is argued that the neglect of this author by the Brazilian republican historiography is due to the fact he had close relations with both the old monarchy and the Catholic church, apart from his alleged implication with the so-called \"Jacobinism\" during the government of the president Prudente de Moraes. The survey conducted in the author\'s life and work can contribute to remove the veil of the period between the fading of the Empire and the awakening of the Republic in Brazil

Frederico José de Santa-Anna Nery, o barão de Santa-Anna Nery, nasceu em Belém do Pará no dia 28 de maio de 1848. Após seus 14 anos de idade, passou a viver na Europa, onde desenvolveu diversas atividades, destacando-se como jornalista. Tornou-se redator-chefe de diversos jornais e revistas em Paris onde fixou residência a partir de 1874 que tinham o intuito de divulgar o Brasil e, secundariamente, os demais países da chamada América Latina na Europa. Deste modo, esta tese se propõe a analisar a significação histórica da experiência de Santa-Anna Nery como propagandista do Brasil na Europa em fins do século XIX. Buscase, nesse contexto, compreender de que forma o personagem em foco atuou como agente ou reprodutor de uma ideia de Brasil na Europa. Para tanto, a análise de sua trajetória, de sua formação e de seus círculos sociais, que lhe auxiliaram em sua missão patriótica, se mostraram metodologicamente necessários. Ao viver e participar da transição entre o princípio da nacionalidade e da ideia nacional, Santa-Anna Nery representou esses intelectuais pequeno-burgueses que transformaram o patriotismo em nacionalismo quando forneceram à consciência nacional, encarnado na língua, na religião, no folclore, na raça, no território, os critérios da definição de nacionalidade. Auxiliando, e muito, na divulgação e consolidação da latinização da nação e do território brasileiro. Por fim, defende-se que o esquecimento deste autor por parte da historiografia brasileira republicana deve-se ao fato de ele ter tido estreitas relações tanto com a antiga monarquia, quanto com a Igreja Católica; além de seu suposto envolvimento com o chamado jacobinismo, durante o governo de Prudente de Moraes. A sondagem feita na vida e obra do autor pode contribuir para tirar uma espécie de véu do período que envolve o apagar do Império e o despertar da República no Brasil / Frederico José de Santa-Anna Nery, Baron of Santa-Anna Nery, was born in Belém (the capital of Brazilian state Pará) on May 28, 1848. At fourteen, he moved to Europe and then worked in several activities, succeeding as a journalist. Became editor-in-chief of a variety of newspapers and magazines in Paris where he settled since 1874 designed for promoting Brazil as well as the other countries of the so-called Latin America in Europe. So, this thesis aims to analyze the historical significance of the experience of Santa-Anna Nery as a propagandist of Brazil in Europe in the late nineteenth century. The quest, in this context, is to grasp how the concerned character acted as an agent or as a reproducer of a certain concept of Brazil in Europe. For this purpose, the analysis of his trajectory, his training and his coteries, that assisted him in his \"patriotic\" mission, proved to be necessary methodologically. Living and taking part of the transition between the \"principle of nationality\" and the \"national idea\", Santa-Anna Nery represented the \"petty-bourgeois intellectuals\" that turned \"patriotism\" into nationalism by providing to the \"national consciousness\" embodied in language, religion, folklore, race, territory the criteria of the definition of nationality. This process greatly helped the promotion and setting of the \"Latinization\" of the country and of the Brazilian territory. Lastly, it is argued that the neglect of this author by the Brazilian republican historiography is due to the fact he had close relations with both the old monarchy and the Catholic church, apart from his alleged implication with the so-called \"Jacobinism\" during the government of the president Prudente de Moraes. The survey conducted in the author\'s life and work can contribute to remove the veil of the period between the fading of the Empire and the awakening of the Republic in Brazil

Pascal Quignard est un écrivain qui a choisi de maintenir et de consolider le lien avec l’héritage latin. Son oeuvre en dévoile, cependant, la part la moins connue. L’auteur réhabilite la tradition marginalisée et antiphilosophique de la « rhétorique spéculative » dont les principes ne définissent pas seulement un art de bien dire, mais surtout un art de penser avec les « images » et avec la lettre du langage. Son investigation du champ culturel latin est aussi guidée par l’esprit de « pietas » et de « virtus » propre à la Rome ancienne, ainsi que par une sensibilité hantée par le mystère de l’origine. L’auteur français assume activement cet héritage antique dans sa pratique littéraire. Quignard se comporte, en effet, comme un rhéteur spéculatif moderne qui s’approprie le legs d’une tradition antique et rivalise avec les anciens, en définissant ses propres principes rhétoriques et esthétiques, en multipliant les pratiques intertextuelles à partir des oeuvres latines et en soumettant cet héritage à sa propre investigation d’écrivain qui pense avec les images et qui libère la signifiance du langage. Cette littérature se tourne vers le passé pour l’interroger, à la recherche de clés de lecture pour le présent. L’auteur développe une réflexion profonde sur l’existence humaine, sur le rapport à l’autre et au temps. Sa tentative d’approcher l’inconnu de la mort et de sonder le secret de l’origine perdue prend les dimensions d’une « expérience intérieure» ouvrant à une « résurrection » qu’il faut sans cesse intensifier en travaillant la fascination de la mort par la « vertu d’achèvement » et en transformant la nécessité en ouverture assumée sur l’inconnu.Sa poétique et son esthétique articulent l’imitation des anciens à la création « originale » et la déconstruction à la renaissance de la littérature en conjuguant notions traditionnelles et emprunts à des approches modernes comme la psychanalyse. L’originalité de l’auctor Pascal Quignard réside, en effet, dans la « virulence » de son appel à la renaissance de la vie et de l’art. / Pascal Quignard is a writer who has chosen to both preserv and solidify the bond with the latin heritage. His work, however, reveals its least known part. The author rehabilitates the marginalized and anti‐philosophical tradition of “speculative rhetoric”, the principals of which define not only an art of good articulation, but above all an art of thinking with the “images” and with the “litterae”. His investigation of the latin cultural field is also guided by ancient Rome’s spirit of “pietas” and “virtus”, as well as by a sensibility that is haunted by the mistery of the origin. The French writer actively assumes this heritage in his literary practice. Quignard actually behaves as a modern speculative rhetor who appropriates the legacy of an antique tradition and rivals the ancients by defining his own rhetorical and aesthetic principales, by multiplying intertextual practices and by subjecting this heritage to his own investigation, that of a man of letters who thinks within the images and releases the suggestiveness of langage. It is a question of a literature that addresses the past in a quest for clues that help. to read the present. The author generates a deep. reflexion on the human existence and on the relationship. with the other and with time. His attempt to approach the unknown that is death and to fathom the secret of lost origin takes the dimensions of an “internal experience” leading to a “resurrection” that has to be incessantly intensified by elaborating the fascination of death through the “virtue of achievement” and by transforming the necessity into a presumed opening to the unknown. His poetics and aesthetics link up. the imitation of the ancients to the “original” creation and the “deconstruction” to the revival of literature, conjugating traditional notions and modern approaches such as psychoanalysis. “Auctor” Pascal Quignard’s originality lies in the “virulence” of his appeal for the revival of life and art.