Inaugural-Dissertation--Greifswald. / Bibliography: p. [ix]-x.

Portrait collectif de grands banquiers belges Bruxelles-Liège-Anvers (1830-1935). Contribution à une histoire des élites (2 volumes) Cette recherche, divisée en trois parties, est une première tentative visant à donner une vision prosopographique assez complète d’un groupe patronal dans la Belgique indépendante d’après 1830. Après avoir défini les principales caractéristiques sélectives de l’échantillon de 382 banquiers, la première partie de la thèse tente de synthétiser de manière principalement quantitative les traits distinctifs de l’élite à l’étude. La seconde partie, alternant approches quantitative et qualitative, propose des pistes de réflexion relatives aux réseaux mis à profit par les banquiers belges dans la constitution de leur tissu relationnel. La dernière partie essaye, en quelques pages synthétiques, de replacer les apports de cette recherche prosopographique dans le contexte économique de l’époque. Elle tente ainsi de jeter des ponts entre l’histoire économique et sociale, toutes deux utiles pour bien cerner les particularités du groupe de banquiers étudiés. Collective portrait of Belgian bankers Brussels-Liège-Antwerp (1830-1935). Contribution to a history of élite (2 volumes). This research, which is divided in three parts, aims to give for the first time a quite exhaustive “prosopographic” vision of a group of entrepreneurs in post 1830 independent Belgium. The first part is twofold: it defines the principal criteria of selection of the 382 strong sample of bankers, then aims to synthesize from a quantitative point of view the distinctive features of the elite under study. The second part, which relies on both quantitative and qualitative approaches, offers fresh thinking tracks as to the networks set up by Belgian bankers and the benefits thereof from a relational perspective. The final part aims, quite concisely, to set the contributions of this research back in their original economic context, thus bridging the gap between economic and social history, both equally useful to outline the features of the bankers under consideration.

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This thesis will demonstrate how prosopographical methods can be used to provide a narrative of social change for the Quraysh tribe of Late Antiquity. By applying these methods to records of their marriage behaviour, it will be shown that the pre-Islamic Quraysh led a far more marginal existence than is widely thought, and that in the post- Islamic period they were surprisingly flexible with regard to their marriage practices and ideas on group membership. The first three chapters focus on historiography and methodology. Chapter One introduces the methodological preliminaries that lie at the heart of this research; these concern the nature of the data, the manner in which it is extracted and the way it will be structured within databases. Issues regarding the quality and reliability of the marital records as preserved in the nasab (tr: genealogical) literary tradition are also discussed in this section. Chapter Two provides a historiography of the nasab tradition, paying particular attention to the nature of its emergence and the possible effects of social and cultural contexts on the quality of the marriage data. This provides the groundwork for Chapter Three which focuses more narrowly on the work from which most of our data are extracted – the Nasab Quraysh of al-Zubayrī (d. 851). The remaining five chapters outline how the data within the nasab tradition can be analysed and incorporated into existing secondary scholarship. Chapters Four and Five establish that the data show a rapid rise in concubinage at the same time as the Arab military conquests of the seventh century. This has implications for our current consensus on the nature of marriage and identity in the seventh and eighth centuries. Chapters Six to Eight investigate the marriages made by the Quraysh to Arab women in the sixth to eighth centuries, and will show how practice adapted to context. To conclude, it will be argued that this investigation not only establishes the high quality of the marriage data as preserved in the nasab tradition, but also the enormous potential of prosopographical methods when applied to the study of early Islamic history.

Thesis--Gothenburg. / Errata slip inserted. Includes indexes. Includes bibliographical references (p. [7]-11).

Le 1er novembre 1954, la guerre d’indépendance algérienne éclate. Une armée est alors progressivement construite et organisée. En 1962, après sept ans et demi de guerre, des dizaines de milliers de combattants constituent l’Armée de Libération Nationale (A.L.N.). À l’été 1962, elle est rebaptisée Armée Nationale Populaire (A.N.P.). À l’indépendance, le nouvel État algérien doit transformer cette armée de libération hétéroclite en une armée professionnelle. Cette transformation recouvre de nombreux enjeux qu’il convient d’analyser, comprendre et expliquer. Conjointement à l’étude de la construction de l’armée algérienne, il s’agit plus spécifiquement d’étudier les hommes qui prennent part à ce processus dans le cadre d’une étude prosopographique. Cette thèse se propose d’apporter un premier éclairage tant sur la construction de l’armée algérienne que sur les acteurs de ce processus. En effet, même si de nombreux travaux historiques se sont penchés sur la guerre d’Algérie, aucun ne s’est attaché à étudier la formation de l’A.L.N. en tant que telle. Quant à l’histoire de l’Algérie indépendante, elle demeure largement méconnue et 1962 apparaît comme une date infranchissable dans l’historiographie de l’Algérie. Alliant histoire de la guerre d’indépendance algérienne et histoire de l’Algérie indépendante, cette thèse se concentre sur l’étude de l’armée algérienne de sa naissance en 1954 jusqu’en 1991, au moment de l’interruption du processus électoral qui inaugure la terrible décennie 1990. Comment l’A.L.N. s’est-elle constituée ? Qui sont ses membres ? Quels sont les enjeux, après l’indépendance, auxquels la jeune armée algérienne doit faire face ? Comment l’A.N.P. est-elle organisée ? Qui sont les hommes qui participent à la reconversion de l’A.N.P. ? Quelles sont leurs trajectoires ? Quelles relations entretiennent-ils ? Ce sont quelques-uns des questionnements auxquels cette recherche apporte des premiers éléments de réponses. / On November 1st, 1954, the Algerian War for Independence begins. A resistance army is gradually built and organized. In 1962, after seven and a half years of war, tens of thousands fighters form the National Liberation Army (N.L.A.), soon renamed National People’s Army (N.P.A.). After the declaration of independence, the new Algerian State must transform this heterogeneous liberation army into a professional army. This transformation involves several issues that should be analyzed, understood and explained. The study of the building up of the Algerian army, is simultaneously and more specifically a study of the men who take part in this process through a prosopographical study. This thesis aims therefore to shed light on the building of the Algerian army as well as the actors involved in the process. Numerous historical works have focused on the Algerian War, but none has attempted to study the formation of the N.L.A. as such. As for the history of independent Algeria, it remains largely unknown, as 1962 appears as an impassable date in the historiography of Algeria. By combining the history of the Algerian War for Independence and the history of independent Algeria, this thesis focuses on the study of the Algerian army from it birth in 1954 until 1991, when the interruption of the electoral process inaugurates the terrible decade of the 1990’s. How did the N.L.A. take shape? Who are its members? What are the stakes the young Algerian army has to face after independence? How is the N.P.A. organized? Who are the men involved in the transformation of the N.P.A.? What are their trajectories? What are their relationships? These are some of the questions that this research aims to answer.

Au XVIIIe siècle, la médecine connaît une évolution d’un point de vue scientifique mais aussi au regard de la société d’Ancien Régime. L’engouement pour la science d’Esculape se traduit par une augmentation des vocations au sein des universités méridionales, en particulier à Montpellier.Cette thèse interroge le devenir de médecins, diplômés de trois facultés méridionales, tout au long d’un siècle marqué par l’effervescence scientifique. Le tropisme de Montpellier atteste de sa bonne réputation. La carrière est un autre aspect central de cette recherche afin d’étudier l’implication de ces médecins dans la vie scientifique et publique, et de voir la voie médicale est gage de carrière ascensionnelle. / In the eighteenth century, medicine evolved from a scientific point of view but also with regard to its place in the society of Ancien Régime. The enthusiasm for the science of Esculapius is reflected in an increase in vocations within the southern universities, especially in Montpellier. This thesis questions the future of doctors, graduates of three southern faculties, throughout a century marked by scientific effervescence. The tropism of Montpellier attests to its good reputation. The analysis of their careers is another central aspect of this research, which offers the opportunity to study the involvement of these doctors in scientific and public life, and to see by what processes the medical path has become a career pledge Upward.

L’implantation socialiste en Bretagne des années 1930 aux années 1980 procède de la mise en activité des réseaux et milieux qui composent les socialismes (SFIO, PSU, PS), dévoilant des ruptures/continuités dans les générations militantes.L’ouverture politique des années 1930, amplifiée par la consolidation de réseaux d’élus en 1945, se différencie du tournant des années 1960-1970, qui voit l’émergence du nouveau PS dans un contexte de profondes mutations de la société locale. La maturation des réseaux socialistes dans les années 1980 amorce la domination du système partisan depuis 2004. Des fiches aux fichiers, la prosopographie croise les analyses des trajectoires, des réseaux et des identités et met l’accent sur un trait caractéristique du socialisme breton qui s’apparente à une social-démocratie d’élus. Des filières militantes imbriquées s’insèrent dans les milieux socialistes pluriels, composés de sous-ensembles autonomes. La centralité de l’identité laïque est concurrencée par l’irruption des filières chrétiennes. Les liens privilégiés avec les organisations syndicales se reconfigurent selon les périodes, sans démentir la constance des relais du mouvement social. Le bloc rural explique les fragilités du tissu militant dans les campagnes, avant l’émergence des réseaux ruraux et des franges syndicales progressistes qui irriguent le milieu partisan. Ce travail s’inscrit dans des visions et pratiques d’une histoire globale, selon une multiplicité d’approches : une histoire vue d’en bas, une histoire sociale et culturelle du politique, une histoire par les réseaux, une histoire politique régionale et une histoire locale du socialisme, une histoire des élus / Socialism in Brittany from 1930 to 1980 originates from the implementation of the networks and activities which are at the basis of socialism (SFIO, PSU, PS) and which revealed fractures/continuities in activist generations. The political opening in the 1930s, intensified by the strengthening of elected representatives’ networks in 1945, is different from the changes which took place in the 1960s-1970s and which lead to the emergence of the new socialist party in the context of profound changes in local society. The development of socialist networks in the 1980s is the starting point of the partisan system dominance from 2004 onwards. From sheets to files, the prosopography presents an analysis of courses, networks and identities and emphasises a characteristic of the Breton socialism, similar to an elected representatives’ social democracy.Interlinked activist networks are becoming part of plural socialist environments composed of independent subgroups. The centrality of secular identity is countered by the emergence of Christian networks. The privileged links with labour unions change according to periods, but remain consistent with the shifts in social movements. The rural block explains the frailty of the activist network in the country side, before the emergence of rural networks and progressive labour unions irrigating the activist environment. This study is in line with the views and practices of a global history, from a multiple approach: a history seen from below, a social and cultural history of politics, a history through networks, a regional political history and alocal history of socialism, a history of the elected representatives

Texte remanié de: Th. doct.--Hist.--Paris 4, 1989. / Bibliogr. p. 203-217.

This thesis challenges the notion that little light can be shed on Exeter’s ‘middling’ and ‘poorer’ sorts in the period 1550-1610, defined as ‘the chorus’ by Wallace MacCaffrey in his book Exeter 1540-1640. It selects data from mid- to late- sixteenth and early seventeenth century urban archives, defines the strengths and weaknesses of that data and captures it in a digitised database. It uses this data to test which of the methodologies of prosopography, collective and individual biography, social network analysis and occupied topography are most appropriate for analysis of the city’s social structure and individuals’ lived experiences. It subsequently selects collective and individual biography for use with the randomly incomplete data set presented by the archives. Using the database to create group and individual biographies, it then introduces elementary quantitative analyses of the city’s social structure, starting by describing broadly the distinguishing characteristics of the leading actors and the chorus. Following on from this, it describes several groups who form part of the chorus, including the more civically active, alongside those with less data against their names. It investigates family and household dynamics and reveals how these are reflected through the occupation of baker. It continues by examining the post-mortem intentions of those who bequeathed goods and explores the lives of a selection of craftsmen, merchants, tailors and widows viewed through in-depth biographies created from the comparatively rich data associated with death. It also makes explicit that the lack of a particular document type compromises the degree of success in connecting the chorus to the cityscape using occupied topography methodologies. It reveals the challenges of recreating the notion of neighbourhood in the city’s west quarter around St Nicholas Priory, then the town house of the wealthy Hurst family. It concludes that it is possible to outline a new model, that of the ‘categorised, connected citizen’, which challenges the validity of MacCaffrey’s construct of a bi-partite society, one side of which is a murky unknown quantity about whom no ‘striking assertions’ can be made. This new model acknowledges the dynamism, individuality and interactivity of Exeter’s inhabitants, and contents that it is a better one for enabling historians to treat respectfully people they cannot yet fully understand.