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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Efeito da via de sinalizaÃÃo slam sobre cÃlulas t na resposta in vitro à leishmania braziliensis / Immune cells activation is modulated by balancing the signals triggered by a variety of cell surface receptors, including receptor activators, co-stimulating receptors and inhibitory receptors. Receptor-related signaling molecule in lymphocyte activation (SLAM) influences the immune cell activation. In this study we investigated the role of SLAM in immune response of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. braziliensis, as well as if the response of individuals high (HP) or low (LP) IFN-γ producers is modulated by SLAM signaling pathway. Peripheral blood monocuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from 43 health individuals were cultured in vitro with anti-SLAM, rIFN-γ, rIL-12 and phytohemagglutinin in the presence or in the absence of L. braziliensis. It was found that L. braziliensis promoted a significantly reduced SLAM expression in T cells, after 120 h of cultured, possibly indicating activation of this pathway in the initial immune response. SLAM expression behaved differently in HP and LP groups. In LP group, L. braziliensis did not modify SLAM expression in T cells in early immune response. The effect of anti-SLAM on SLAM pathway reduced the expression of this protein in the early stages of the immune response of PBMC stimulated with L. braziliensis. After 120 h the effect of anti-SLAM did not alter CD3+SLAM+ expression in both groups. The proinflammatory cytokines, rIFN-γ and rIL-12, present in the microenvironment with L. braziliensis, reduced SLAM expression only in HP group after 6 h of culture and did not change this response after 120 h. Anti-SLAM at a concentration of 10 μg/ml presented no effect on production of cytokines IFN-γ and IL-13 in both groups, but significantly increased IL-10 production in the HP group. Furthermore anti-SLAM associated with L. braziliensis and rIFN-γ simultaneously did not modify IFN-γ, IL-13 and IL-10 productions. Anti-SLAM associated with L. braziliensis and rIL-12 simultaneously induced an increase of IFN-γ in LP group, and increased IL-13 in HP group. These results suggest that in vitro immune response of PBMC exposed to L. braziliensis, the SLAM signaling pathway acts in modulating Th1 response in HP group and induces a condition of temporary immunosuppression in LP group, not previously described in literature.

Zirlane Castelo Branco Coelho 28 May 2011 (has links)
nÃo hà / A ativaÃÃo das cÃlulas do sistema imunolÃgico à modulada atravÃs dos sinais acionados por uma diversidade de receptores de superfÃcie celular, incluindo os receptores ativadores, receptores coestimuladores e receptores inibidores. Receptores relacionados à molÃcula sinalizadora na ativaÃÃo do linfÃcito (SLAM) tÃm influÃncia na ativaÃÃo imunolÃgica celular. Neste trabalho, investigou-se a funÃÃo de SLAM na resposta imunolÃgica à Leishmania braziliensis, e se a resposta de indivÃduos alto (AP) ou baixo (BP) produtores de IFN-γ seria modulada pela via de sinalizaÃÃo SLAM. CÃlulas monocucleadas do sangue perifÃrico (CMSP) de 43 indivÃduos foram bloqueadas com α-SLAM, rIFN-γ, rIL-12 e fitohemaglutinina, apÃs estimulaÃÃo com L. brazilensis. Verificou-se que L. braziliensis promoveu uma significante reduÃÃo da expressÃo de SLAM nas cÃlulas T, com 120h de cultivo, possivelmente indicando ativaÃÃo desta via na resposta imunolÃgica inicial. A expressÃo de SLAM se comportou de modo diferenciado nos indivÃduos AP e BP. Nos indivÃduos BP, L. braziliensis nÃo alterou a expressÃo de SLAM nas cÃlulas T, na fase inicial da resposta imunolÃgica. O bloqueio da via de SLAM com α-SLAM reduziu significativamente a expressÃo desta proteÃna nos primeiros momentos da resposta imunolÃgica das CMSP estimuladas com L. braziliensis. O bloqueio com α-SLAM, avaliado com 120 horas, nÃo alterou a expressÃo de CD3+SLAM+, em ambos os grupos. As citocinas proinflamatÃrias, rIFN-γ e rIL-12, presentes no microambiente com L. braziliensis, reduziram a expressÃo de SLAM apenas em indivÃduos AP com 6h de sensibilizaÃÃo e nÃo modificaram esta resposta com 120h de cultivo, na presenÃa do antÃgeno. O bloqueio com α-SLAM, na concentraÃÃo de 10μg/ml, nÃo interferiu na produÃÃo das citocinas IFN-γ e IL-13, em ambos os grupos, entretanto aumentou de forma significativa a produÃÃo de IL-10 em indivÃduos AP. O bloqueio da via de SLAM associado à L. braziliensis e rIFN-γ nÃo modificou a produÃÃo de IFN-γ, IL-13 e IL-10. O bloqueio da via de SLAM associado à L. braziliensis e rIL-12 induziu aumento de IFN-γ, nos indivÃduos BP, e aumento de IL-13, nos indivÃduos AP. Os resultados deste trabalho sugerem que, na resposta in vitro de CMSP, sensibilizadas com L. braziliensis, a via de sinalizaÃÃo SLAM atua na modulaÃÃo da resposta Th1 em indivÃduos AP e induz uma condiÃÃo de imunossupressÃo temporÃria nos indivÃduos BP, nÃo descrita anteriormente na literatura. / Immune cells activation is modulated by balancing the signals triggered by a variety of cell surface receptors, including receptor activators, co-stimulating receptors and inhibitory receptors. Receptor-related signaling molecule in lymphocyte activation (SLAM) influences the immune cell activation. In this study we investigated the role of SLAM in immune response of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. braziliensis, as well as if the response of individuals high (HP) or low (LP) IFN-γ producers is modulated by SLAM signaling pathway. Peripheral blood monocuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from 43 health individuals were cultured in vitro with anti-SLAM, rIFN-γ, rIL-12 and phytohemagglutinin in the presence or in the absence of L. braziliensis. It was found that L. braziliensis promoted a significantly reduced SLAM expression in T cells, after 120 h of cultured, possibly indicating activation of this pathway in the initial immune response. SLAM expression behaved differently in HP and LP groups. In LP group, L. braziliensis did not modify SLAM expression in T cells in early immune response. The effect of anti-SLAM on SLAM pathway reduced the expression of this protein in the early stages of the immune response of PBMC stimulated with L. braziliensis. After 120 h the effect of anti-SLAM did not alter CD3+SLAM+ expression in both groups. The proinflammatory cytokines, rIFN-γ and rIL-12, present in the microenvironment with L. braziliensis, reduced SLAM expression only in HP group after 6 h of culture and did not change this response after 120 h. Anti-SLAM at a concentration of 10 μg/ml presented no effect on production of cytokines IFN-γ and IL-13 in both groups, but significantly increased IL-10 production in the HP group. Furthermore anti-SLAM associated with L. braziliensis and rIFN-γ simultaneously did not modify IFN-γ, IL-13 and IL-10 productions. Anti-SLAM associated with L. braziliensis and rIL-12 simultaneously induced an increase of IFN-γ in LP group, and increased IL-13 in HP group. These results suggest that in vitro immune response of PBMC exposed to L. braziliensis, the SLAM signaling pathway acts in modulating Th1 response in HP group and induces a condition of temporary immunosuppression in LP group, not previously described in literature.
42

AlteraÃÃoes fisiolÃgicas e bioquÃmicas em plÃntulas de cajueiro anÃo-precoce submetidas à salinidade em duas condiÃÃes de cultivo / Physiological and biochemical changes in early-dwarf cashew seedlings subjected to salinity in two cultivation conditions

Carlos Eduardo Braga de Abreu 03 April 2007 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar as respostas fisiolÃgicas e bioquÃmicas de plÃntulas de cajueiro anÃo-precoce (Anacardium occidentale L.) à salinidade em duas condiÃÃes ambientais de cultivo. Para isso, as plÃntulas foram cultivadas em vasos de polietileno contendo somente soluÃÃo nutritiva (tratamento controle) ou soluÃÃo nutritiva com NaCl a 50, 100, 150 e 200 mM (tratamentos salinos), sendo mantidas em duas condiÃÃes ambientais: casa de vegetaÃÃo e sala de germinaÃÃo. Os efeitos do estresse salino foram avaliados atravÃs de medidas de crescimento, trocas gasosas, teores de clorofila, potencial osmÃtico foliar e teores de solutos orgÃnicos (prolina, N-aminossolÃveis e carboidratos solÃveis) e inorgÃnicos (Na+, Cl- e K+) nas folhas e raÃzes. TambÃm foram estudadas as alteraÃÃes na expressÃo gÃnica com a salinidade, o que foi feito atravÃs da comparaÃÃo dos padrÃes eletroforÃticos 2D das proteÃnas de folhas e raÃzes. A salinidade reduziu o crescimento das plÃntulas em ambas as condiÃÃes ambientais de cultivo, sendo que nas plÃntulas da casa de vegetaÃÃo, a inibiÃÃo do crescimento foi mais acentuada do que naquelas da sala de germinaÃÃo. Este fato correlacionou-se com as maiores reduÃÃes na fotossÃntese lÃquida, na transpiraÃÃo e na condutÃncia estomÃtica das plÃntulas da casa de vegetaÃÃo em relaÃÃo Ãs da sala de germinaÃÃo. Nas duas condiÃÃes de cultivo, os efeitos inibitÃrios do NaCl foram mais conspÃcuos nas raÃzes do que na parte aÃrea. A salinidade nÃo causou grandes mudanÃas nas concentraÃÃes internas de CO2 das plÃntulas de cajueiro, sugerindo a participaÃÃo de fatores nÃo-estomÃticos na inibiÃÃo das taxas fotossintÃticas. Os teores foliares de clorofila a, b e total foram influenciados pela salinidade e pelas condiÃÃes de cultivo das plÃntulas, sendo que as da sala de germinaÃÃo apresentaram os maiores conteÃdos e as menores reduÃÃes desses pigmentos devido à salinidade. As leituras feitas com o medidor portÃtil de clorofila, SPAD-502, correlacionaram-se positivamente com os teores foliares de clorofila, expressos em g.cm-2, tanto nas plÃntulas da casa de vegetaÃÃo quanto nas da sala de germinaÃÃo. As maiores reduÃÃes no potencial osmÃtico e os maiores acÃmulos de Na+ e Cl- nas folhas pela salinidade, em relaÃÃo ao controle, foram observados nas plÃntulas da casa de vegetaÃÃo. Por outro lado, os teores de K+ nesse ÃrgÃo nÃo diferiram muito entre as duas condiÃÃes de cultivo empregadas. As raÃzes acumularam grandes quantidades de Na+ e Cl- em seus tecidos, as quais foram acompanhadas de grandes decrÃscimos nos teores de K+, em ambas as condiÃÃes de cultivo. Com o aumento da salinidade, os teores de prolina foram aumentados, principalmente nas folhas, sendo os maiores incrementos observados nas plÃntulas da casa de vegetaÃÃo. Os teores de carboidratos solÃveis foram aumentados e reduzidos, devido à salinidade, somente nas folhas das plÃntulas da sala de germinaÃÃo e nas raÃzes das plÃntulas da casa de vegetaÃÃo, respectivamente. Nas duas condiÃÃes de cultivo, a salinidade aumentou os teores de N-aminossolÃveis nas folhas e nas raÃzes das plÃntulas de cajueiro. O padrÃo de expressÃo gÃnica das folhas e das raÃzes foi alterado pelo estresse salino em ambas as condiÃÃes ambientais. A salinidade causou aumentos e diminuiÃÃes nas taxas de expressÃo de vÃrias proteÃnas, sendo que algumas desapareceram completamente e outras foram aparentemente sintetizadas de novo nas plÃntulas estressadas. As proteÃnas diferencialmente reguladas pelo estresse salino foram bastante diferentes nas duas condiÃÃes ambientais empregadas. Faz-se necessÃrio o seqÃenciamento e a identificaÃÃo dessas proteÃnas para que se possa especular sobre seus possÃveis papÃis no processo de aclimataÃÃo das plÃntulas de cajueiro Ãs condiÃÃes de salinidade. / Early-dwarf cashew seedlings (Anacardium occidentale L.) were used in order to investigate the physiological and biochemical changes induced by salt stress in two environmental conditions. The seedlings were cultivated in plastics pots containing only nutrient solution (control treatment) or nutrient solution with NaCl at 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM (saline treatment). They were kept in two environmental conditions: greenhouse and growth room. The effects of salinity on the growth, gas exchange, chlorophyll content, osmotic potential and organic (proline, soluble amino-N, soluble carbohydrates) and inorganic (Na+, Cl-, K+) solute contents from both leaves and roots were studied. Salt stress induced changes in gene expression were studied both in leaves and roots comparing 2D electrophoretic pattern. Salinity inhibited the growth of seedlings in both environmental conditions, being the reduction in seedlings growth in the greenhouse more conspicuous than those cultivated in the growth room. This fact was correlated with highest reductions in net photosynthetic rate, in transpiration and stomatal conductance of seedlings grown in the greenhouse when compared with those of growth room. In both cultivation conditions, the root growth was affected by NaCl than shoot growth. The salinity stress not caused great changes in CO2 internal concentration, suggesting that the inhibition of photosynthesis also may be attributed to non-stomatal factors. Leaf chlorophyll a, b and total contents were influenced by salinity and environmental conditions, being observed the highest contents and the lowest reductions of these pigments due to salinity in seedlings under growth room conditions. The readings of portable chlorophyll meter, SPAD-502, were positively correlated to leaf chlorophyll contents, expressed in g.cm-2, both in greenhouse and growth room conditions. In the salt stress conditions, the higher reductions of osmotic potential and higher Na+ and Cl- accumulations in leaves were observed in seedlings grown in the greenhouse. On the other hand, leaves K+ contents did not differ much among the cultivation conditions used. The roots accumulated greater amounts of Na+ and Cl- in their tissues, which were accompanied of great decreases in the K+ contents in both cultivation conditions. Proline content increased with the increase in salt stress especially in leaves, being the greater increases observed in seedlings cultivated in the greenhouse. The soluble carbohydrates contents were increased and decreased, due to salinity, only in leaves of seedlings of growth room and roots of those grown in the greenhouse, respectively. In both cultivation conditions, salinity increased the leaf and root soluble amino-N contents of cashew seedlings. The gene expression patterns both leaves and roots were altered by salt stress, in both environmental conditions. Salinity induced increases and decreases in expression of various proteins, being that some proteins disappeared completely and other were apparently synthesized de novo in the seedlings stressed. The proteins differentially regulated by salt stress were enough different among the environmental conditions used. Future studies should be focused on sequencing and identification of proteins whose rate of synthesis varied as a result of salinity, in order to better characterize their possible roles in the process of acclimation of cashew seedlings to salinity conditions

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