The control and protection system of early nuclear power plants (Generation II) have been designed and built on the then reliable analog system. Technology has evolved in recent times and digital system has replaced most analog technology in most industries. Due to safety precautions and robust licensing requirements in the nuclear industry, the analog and digital system works concurrent to each other in most control and protection systems of nuclear power plants. Due to the ageing, regular maintenance and intermittent operation, the analog plant system often gives faulty signals. The objective of this thesis is to simulate a transient using a simulator to reduce the effects of system faults on the nuclear plant control and protection system, by detecting the faults early. The following steps will be performed: • validating the simulator measurements by simulating a normal operation, • detecting faults early on in the system These can be performed by resorting to a model that generates estimates of the correct sensors signal values based on actual readings and correlations among them. The next step can be performed by a fault detection module which determines early whether or not the plant systems are behaving normally and detects the fault. (Baraldi P. et al, 2010.) / Thesis (MSc (Engineering Sciences in Nuclear Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Protection and Control (P&C) devices requiring accurate timing within a power transmission substation are commonly synchronized by distributed Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. However, utilities now request a timing system that is less dependent on the direct use of distributed GPS receivers, because of the reliability issue of GPS receivers. In addition, to reduce device-to-device cabling and enable interoperability among devices from multiple vendors, utilities are looking to adopt the Ethernet based IEC 61850 protocol suites to complement or replace a conventional hardwired secondary P&C system. The IEEE 1588-2008 synchronization protocol is a network based time synchronization technique which can co-exist with the IEC 61850 applications and deliver sub-microsecond timing accuracy. A number of IEC 61850 applications require seamless communication redundancy, whilst existing technologies used in a substation only recover communications tens of milliseconds after a communication failure. Alternatively, the newly released IEC 62439-3 Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) and High-availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR) can achieve seamless redundancy by transmitting duplicate data packets simultaneously in various networks and this can satisfy the extremely high reliability requirements of transmission substations. Considering the benefits, a unified network integrating IEEE 1588 and IEC 62439 PRP/HSR can be foreseen in future substations, but utilities need confidence in these technologies before real deployment. Hence, it is necessary to conduct comprehensive tests on such a timing system so that better insight into the performance and limitation can be obtained. This thesis first investigates the feasibility to integrate IEEE 1588 and IEC 62439 PRP into a single Ethernet network using a simulation tool and subsequently presents how the hardware testbed is established. Meanwhile, although GPS receivers are commonly used for time synchronization in the power industry, their performance might not be fully investigated before deployment. Hence, this thesis also proposes a procedure to assess the performance in terms of long term stability and transient behaviour of a timing system merely based on GPS receivers and one based on a mixture of GPS receivers and IEEE 1588 devices. Test results indicate whichever system is used, careful design of equipment, proper installation and appropriate engineering are required to satisfy the stringent accuracy requirements for critical automation applications in power system.

Today, conventional substation protection and control systems are of a widely distributed character. One substation can easily have as many as 50 data processing points that all perform similar algorithms on voltage and current data. There is also only limited communication between protection devices, and each device is only aware of the bay in which it is installed. With the intent of implementing a substation protection system that is simpler, more efficient and better suited for future challenges, Ellevio AB implemented a centralized system in a primary substation in 2015. It is comprised of five components that each handle one type of duty: Data processing, communication, voltage measurements, current measurements and breaker control. Since its implementation, the centralized system has been in parallel operation with the conventional, meaning that it performs station wide data acquisition, processing and communication, but is unable to trip the station breakers. The only active functionality of the centralized system is the voltage regulation. This work is an evaluation of the centralized system and studies its protection functionality, voltage regulation, fault response and output signal correlation with the conventional system. It was found that the centralized system required the implementation of a differential protection function and protection of the capacitor banks and busbar coupling to provide protection equivalent to that of the conventional system. The voltage regulation showed unsatisfactory long regulation time lengths, which could have been a result of low time resolution. The fault response and signal correlation were deemed satisfactory.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-10-04T19:38:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WANESSA BATISTA MELO (2).pdf: 1778223 bytes, checksum: 409c88f68e2b8598d67a5b0a7b7ed2fc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-04T19:38:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WANESSA BATISTA MELO (2).pdf: 1778223 bytes, checksum: 409c88f68e2b8598d67a5b0a7b7ed2fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-28 / This thesis aims to investigate and analyze the implications produced by the policies to the elderly in Goiânia-GO, after the implementation process of the Elderly, in view of universal access to social goods and services, such as citizenship rights. The unit of analysis used were two support groups, located in neighborhoods that have the highest number of elderly among its residents, Jardim America (central district) and the New World Garden (suburb). The criterion set for the calculation of the research sample was based on data gathered by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE, 2000) and the Department of Planning Seplan (GOIAS, 2005) on the elderly population goianiense. In the context of research subjects were older than the employees, managers of policies for the elderly in Goiânia. He took up Marx's dialectical method as a reference for understanding the specific social reality experienced by this segment. Based on Netto (2009), it is understood that the "theoretical knowledge is knowledge of the object as it is itself, in its real existence and effective, regardless of the wishes, aspirations and representations of the researcher" (p .673). Adopted as the legal and juridical horizon-formal, Law No. 8.842/94, which regulates the National Elderly Policy (NCP) and Law No. 10.741/2003, that provides for the Elderly (EI). The bibliographic and documentary showed studies on population growth, reduction in the age structure and fertility rates in Goiania in Brazil and its implications for the everyday life of the elderly population. Also revealed that despite social and legal advances in recent years, the elderly resident in the city of Goiania not feel adequately protected legally. There are weaknesses in the system of social protection to the elderly in the county, which are due mainly to the inefficiency of public policy, the disagreements between different governmental and non governmental organizations in protecting the rights of the elderly population, as well as the low effectiveness of the exercise of democratic control by way of direct participation. / Esta dissertação objetiva investigar e analisar as implicações produzidas pelas políticas de atenção ao idoso no município de Goiânia-GO, após o processo de implantação do Estatuto do Idoso, na perspectiva de universalização do acesso aos bens e serviços sociais, como direitos de cidadania. A unidade de análise utilizada foram dois grupos de convivência, localizados em bairros que possuem o maior número de idosos dentre seus moradores, o Jardim América (bairro central) e o Jardim Novo Mundo (bairro periférico). O critério definido como parâmetro para o cálculo amostral da pesquisa foi fundamentado nos dados levantados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE,2000) e pela Secretaria de Planejamento Seplan (GOIAS, 2005) sobre a população idosa goianiense. No contexto da pesquisa foram sujeitos colaboradores além dos idosos, os gestores das políticas de atenção ao idoso no município de Goiânia. Tomou-se o método dialético de Marx como referência para a compreensão da realidade social concreta vivenciada por esse segmento. Adotou-se como horizonte legal e jurídico-formal, a Lei nº 8.842/94, que regulamenta a Política Nacional do Idoso (PNI) e a Lei nº 10.741/2003, que dispõe sobre o Estatuto do Idoso (EI). A pesquisa bibliográfica e documental apresentou estudos sobre o aumento demográfico, a redução na pirâmide etária e das taxas de fecundidade no Brasil e em Goiânia e suas implicações para o cotidiano da a população idosa. Revelou, ainda, que apesar dos avanços sociais e legais ocorridos nos últimos anos, o idoso morador na cidade de Goiânia não se sente protegido legalmente de forma satisfatória. Há fragilidades no sistema de proteção social ao idoso no município, as quais são resultantes, sobretudo, da ineficiência das políticas públicas, da desarticulação entre as instituições governamentais e não governamentais na defesa dos direitos da população idosa, como também da ausência do controle democrático por meio da participação direta.

A great effort has been recently devoted to the development of new devices for the detection of specific sequences of DNA, due to increasing need of label - free, fast, cheap, and miniaturized analytical systems able to detect target sequences for screening purposes, especially in food industry for genetically modified organisms (GMOs). In this study, development of a QCM - based DNA biosensor for the detection of the hybridisation of CaMV 35S promoter sequence (P35S) was investigated. Attention was focused on the choice of the coating chemistry that could be used for the immobilisation of probe sequences on the gold surface of the quartz crystal. Two immobilisation procedures were tested and compared considering the amount of the immobilised probe, the extent of the hybridisation reaction, the possibility of regeneration and the absence of non - specific adsorption. The two coating methods were based on the use of self - assembled monolayers. One of them employed the interaction between the thiol and gold for the immobilisation of a thiolated P35S probe, while the other employed formation of functionalised aldehyde groups by ethylenediamine plasma polymerization on the gold surface for the immobilisation of amined P35S probes through gluteraldehyde activation. Results indicated that immobilisation of a thiolated probe provides better immobilisation characteristic, higher sensitivity for the detection of the hybridisation reaction, absence of non - specific adsorption and a higher stability with respect to the regeneration step. The optimised immobilisation procedure for the thiolated probe was used for the detection of P35S sequence in PCR - amplified DNAs and in real samples of pflp - gene inserted tobacco plants that produce ferrodoxin like protein additionally. Fragmentation of the genomic DNAs were achieved by digestion with restriction endonucleases and sonication. The obtained results from the fragmented genomic DNAs demonstrated that it is possible to detect the target sequence directly in non-amplified genomic DNAs by using the developed QCM - based DNA biosensor system. The developed QCM-based DNA biosensor represented promising results for a real-time, label - free, direct detection of DNA samples for the screening of GMOs.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:09:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte2.pdf: 1283524 bytes, checksum: 82414a2866e0921004f86255c205b056 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The urban floods are constituted one of the most important impacts on the society. Those impacts could happen due to the urbanization or to the natural flood of the riverside area. In the current context, several prevention and protection measures against urban floods are adopted, in general, measures of corrective character. The measures can be structural (when they modify the fluvial system and reduce risks of flood damages) and non-structural (a better coexistence of the population with the floods). This project has as main aim the elaboration of a plan of measures that contemplates the prevention aspects against the occupation of the spaces with flood risks, through structural and non-structural measures, associated or not, for the municipal districts located within Mamanguape river basin in Paraíba State, prone to floods since almost all of them occupy the flood plains of the main water courses. Several problems could be associated with the occurrence of those events: inadequate occupation of the river beds; lack of resources for dwelling and waste water system; lack of planning for the occupation of the urban space; and lack of systems for catastrophe alert and for evacuation of the flooded areas. Therefore, it is presented practical and efficient solutions for the best use of the risk areas, which would lead to a better life quality for the urban areas. The effective participation of the public government and the responsible department for the environmental and urban administration in the implementation of a politics of environmental education and elaboration of a management plan that prioritizes the flood control in the urban areas is indispensable / As inundações urbanas constituem-se num dos mais importantes impactos sobre a sociedade. Esses impactos podem ocorrer devido à urbanização ou à inundação natural da várzea ribeirinha. No contexto atual, diversas medidas de prevenção e proteção contra enchentes urbanas são adotadas, em geral, medidas de caráter corretivo. As medidas podem ser estruturais (quando modificam o sistema fluvial evitando os prejuízos decorrentes das enchentes) e não-estruturais (melhor convivência da população com as enchentes). Este projeto tem como abordagem principal a elaboração de um plano de medidas que contemple os aspectos de prevenção contra a ocupação dos espaços de riscos de enchentes, através de medidas estruturais e não-estruturais, associadas ou não, para os municípios localizados na Bacia do Rio Mamanguape/PB, que apresentam tendências a cheias por ocuparem, na sua maioria, as planícies de inundação de importantes cursos d água. Diversos problemas podem estar associados à ocorrência desses eventos: ocupação inadequada dos leitos dos rios; falta de recursos para moradia e saneamento; falta de planejamento de ocupação do espaço urbano; e inexistência de sistemas de alerta em catástrofes e de planos de desocupação de áreas atingidas. Portanto, são apresentadas soluções práticas e eficientes para o melhor aproveitamento das áreas de risco, o que possibilitará uma melhor qualidade de vida no meio urbano. A participação efetiva do poder público e dos órgãos responsáveis pela gestão ambiental e urbana na implementação de uma política de educação ambiental e na elaboração de um plano diretor que priorize o controle de inundação no meio urbano deve ser imprescindível

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-12-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:18:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lemos_fcs_me_assis.pdf: 401983 bytes, checksum: 1cbc48faec46244873d150131e420829 (MD5) / Partindo de um olhar histórico-genealógico proposto por Michel Foucault, problematizamos as práticas de Conselheiros Tutelares frente às denúncias de violência doméstica, perguntando que relações de saber-poder sustentam essas práticas e que efeitos elas disparam na sociedade. Consideramos os objetos violência, infância, família e as instituições de proteção e atendimento às crianças e aos adolescentes como produções históricas. O nome Conselho Tutelar já explicita um processo de governo e sujeição de corpos. Levantamos a hipótese de que o objeto dessa gestão são as crianças e adolescentes das camadas populares, categorizados como estando em risco psicossocial. Não que a infância de outras classes sociais não seja tutelada, elas também o são, porém são outros os mecanismos de controle exercidos sobre elas, como nos apontam Margareth Rago (1985) e Jacques Donzelot (1986). Consultamos os registros das denúncias e de seus desdobramentos, efetuados no período de 1994 a 1996, nos arquivos da referida instituição, em um município do interior paulista. Interrogamos esse regime de escrita e de construção de dossiês que transformam cada indivíduo em um caso, permitindo comparar, classificar e controlar crianças e adolescentes e seus familiares. Em nossas análises, indicamos que as práticas dos conselheiros tutelares normalizam e moralizam os corpos que tomam como alvo de intervenção, psicologizam a violência familiar, atribuem uma determinação econômica aos atos de violência familiar, culpabilizam as famílias pela situação em que se encontram as crianças e os adolescentes, ameaçam as famílias de perda do pátrio-poder e imprimem um caráter policialesco às suas ações. As práticas desses atores institucionais caracterizam-se como uma gestão dos riscos, baseadas em uma visão médico-higienista da infância e de um processo de normalização e moralização das famílias populares. / Starting from a genealogical historic look proposed by Michel Foucault, we questioned the Tutelary Counselors' practices facing the household violence accusations, asking what relationships of knowledge and power support these practices and what outcomes they throw into our society. The violence, childhood and family objects, and the institutions of protection and attendance to children and adolescents were considered as historic products. The name Tutelar Council already makes a process of body subjugation and control explicit. The hypothesis that the object of this administration are the children and adolescents of popular classes, distinguished as being in psychosocial risk, was raised. Not that the childhood in other social classes are not tutored, they also are, however the control mechanisms performed over them are different, as shown by Margareth Rago (1985) and Jacques Donzelot (1986). The accusation reports and their development, executed between 1994 and 1996, were checked in the mentioned institution files, in a São Paulo countryside city. The writing method and making of dossiers that change each individual into a case, allowing to compare, classify and control children and adolescents and their families were questioned. In our analysis, we point out that the tutelary counselors practices standardize and moralize the bodies taken as na intervention aim, psychologize the familiar violence, assign na economical determination to the acts of familiar violence, blame the families for the situation in which the children and adolescents are, threaten the families of parents' rights loss and print a police charater into their actions. These institucional actors practices define themselves as a risk administratio, based on a medical hyginist view of the childhood and of a popular families' standardization and moralization process.

Resumo: Partindo de um olhar histórico-genealógico proposto por Michel Foucault, problematizamos as práticas de Conselheiros Tutelares frente às denúncias de violência doméstica, perguntando que relações de saber-poder sustentam essas práticas e que efeitos elas disparam na sociedade. Consideramos os objetos violência, infância, família e as instituições de "proteção" e atendimento às crianças e aos adolescentes como produções históricas. O nome Conselho Tutelar já explicita um processo de governo e sujeição de corpos. Levantamos a hipótese de que o objeto dessa gestão são as crianças e adolescentes das camadas populares, categorizados como estando em risco psicossocial. Não que a infância de outras classes sociais não seja tutelada, elas também o são, porém são outros os mecanismos de controle exercidos sobre elas, como nos apontam Margareth Rago (1985) e Jacques Donzelot (1986). Consultamos os registros das denúncias e de seus desdobramentos, efetuados no período de 1994 a 1996, nos arquivos da referida instituição, em um município do interior paulista. Interrogamos esse regime de escrita e de construção de dossiês que transformam cada indivíduo em um caso, permitindo comparar, classificar e controlar crianças e adolescentes e seus familiares. Em nossas análises, indicamos que as práticas dos conselheiros tutelares normalizam e moralizam os corpos que tomam como alvo de intervenção, psicologizam a violência familiar, atribuem uma determinação econômica aos atos de violência familiar, culpabilizam as famílias pela situação em que se encontram as crianças e os adolescentes, ameaçam as famílias de perda do pátrio-poder e imprimem um caráter policialesco às suas ações. As práticas desses atores institucionais caracterizam-se como uma gestão dos riscos, baseadas em uma visão médico-higienista da infância e de um processo de normalização e moralização das famílias populares. / Abstract: Starting from a genealogical historic look proposed by Michel Foucault, we questioned the Tutelary Counselors' practices facing the household violence accusations, asking what relationships of knowledge and power support these practices and what outcomes they throw into our society. The violence, childhood and family objects, and the institutions of protection and attendance to children and adolescents were considered as historic products. The name Tutelar Council already makes a process of body subjugation and control explicit. The hypothesis that the object of this administration are the children and adolescents of popular classes, distinguished as being in psychosocial risk, was raised. Not that the childhood in other social classes are not tutored, they also are, however the control mechanisms performed over them are different, as shown by Margareth Rago (1985) and Jacques Donzelot (1986). The accusation reports and their development, executed between 1994 and 1996, were checked in the mentioned institution files, in a São Paulo countryside city. The writing method and making of dossiers that change each individual into a case, allowing to compare, classify and control children and adolescents and their families were questioned. In our analysis, we point out that the tutelary counselors practices standardize and moralize the bodies taken as na intervention aim, psychologize the familiar violence, assign na economical determination to the acts of familiar violence, blame the families for the situation in which the children and adolescents are, threaten the families of parents' rights loss and print a police charater into their actions. These institucional actors practices define themselves as a risk administratio, based on a medical hyginist view of the childhood and of a popular families' standardization and moralization process. / Orientador: José Luiz Guimarães / Coorientador: Hélio Rebello Cardoso Júnior / Banca: Marcos Cesar Alvarez / Banca: Marcos Alexandre Gomes Nalli / Mestre

The purpose of the proposed research is to design a Decentralized Voltage/Stability Monitoring and Control System to counteract voltage violations and the impact of disturbances/contingencies on power system voltage stability. A decentralized voltage and stability control system is designed to coordinate the controls of the local secondary voltage control devices and necessary load shedding without requiring information about the rest of the system. The voltage/stability control can be formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem. The control objectives include, but are not limited to: minimization of system active/reactive losses; maximization of the system stability margin; and minimization of the control actions. The constraints of the optimization problem depend on the specifications of the actual system components. For the first time, margin sensitivities of the control actions are included in the control formulation. The concept of using margin sensitivity to evaluate the post-control load margin is presented as a fast and accurate way to assess potential voltage and stability control options. A system decomposition procedure is designed to define the disturbance-affected zone as an independent control subsystem. A normal constraint algorithm is adopted to identify the most suitable control solution in a shorter timeline than the typical utility voltage-control practice. Both steady-state and dynamic simulations are performed to compare the proposed system with typical utility control practices.

Recent years have seen the significance of utilizing time-synchronized, high resolution measurements from phasor measurement units (PMUs) to develop and implement wide-area monitoring, protection and control (WAMPAC) systems. WAMPAC systems aim to provide holistic view of the power system and enable detection and control of certain power system phenomena to enhance reliability and integrity of the grid. This thesis focuses on the design, development and experimental validation of WAMPAC applications, and investigates their vulnerability to time synchronization impairment. To this purpose, a state-of-the-art real-time hardware-in-the-loop (RT-HIL) test-bench was established for prototyping of synchrophasor-based applications. This platform was extensively used throughout the thesis for end-to-end testing of the proposed WAMPAC applications. To facilitate the development of WAMPAC applications, an open-source real-time data mediator is presented that parses the incoming synchrophasor stream and provides access to raw data in LabVIEW environment. Within the domain of wide-area protection applications, the thesis proposes hybrid synchrophasor and IEC 61850-8-1 GOOSE-based islanding detection and automatic synchronization schemes. These applications utilize synchrophasor measurements to assess the state of the power system and initiate protection / corrective action using GOOSE messages. The associated communication latencies incurred due to the utilization of synchrophasors and GOOSE messages are also determined. It is shown that such applications can have a seamless and cost-effective deployment in the field.   Within the context of wide-area control applications, this thesis explores the possibility of utilizing synchrophasor-based damping signals in a commercial excitation control system (ECS). For this purpose, a hardware prototype of wide-area damping controller (WADC) is presented together with its interface with ECS. The WADC allows real-time monitoring and remote parameter tuning that could potentially facilitate system operators’ to exploit existing damping assets (e.g. conventional generators) when changes in operating conditions or network topology emerges. Finally the thesis experimentally investigates the impact of time synchronization impairment on WAMPAC applications by designing RT-HIL experiments for time synchronization signal loss and time synchronization spoofing. It is experimentally demonstrated that GPS-based time synchronization impairment results in corrupt phase angle computations by PMUs, and the impact this has on associated WAMPAC application. / <p>QC 20171121</p> / smart transmission grid operation and control (STRONg2rid)