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style="font-size: 12pt / line-height: 115% / font-family: &quot / Times New Roman&quot / ,&quot / serif&quot / ">This study has reveled the levels of knowledge and compliance towards Universal Precautions and examined the factors that are influential in having a positive and negative effect on their adoption by healthcare practitioners in practice. Despite acceptable knowledge regarding the potential for infection and mechanisms to prevent these infections, this study has found out that health care workers are not as compliant with universal precautions as they need to be. The findings that compliance correlated directly with knowledge, with in-service training and with availability of protective equipment, provide important indications for future interventions. Therefore a regular on job refreshing training program on Universal Precautions, a written guideline and reminder poster on Universal Precautions and personal protective equipment need to be made available for all health care providers in every department of the hospital for better compliance. <span style="">&nbsp / </span><span style="">&nbsp / </span><span style="">&nbsp / </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p>&nbsp / </p>

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style="font-size: 12pt / line-height: 115% / font-family: &quot / Times New Roman&quot / ,&quot / serif&quot / ">This study has reveled the levels of knowledge and compliance towards Universal Precautions and examined the factors that are influential in having a positive and negative effect on their adoption by healthcare practitioners in practice. Despite acceptable knowledge regarding the potential for infection and mechanisms to prevent these infections, this study has found out that health care workers are not as compliant with universal precautions as they need to be. The findings that compliance correlated directly with knowledge, with in-service training and with availability of protective equipment, provide important indications for future interventions. Therefore a regular on job refreshing training program on Universal Precautions, a written guideline and reminder poster on Universal Precautions and personal protective equipment need to be made available for all health care providers in every department of the hospital for better compliance. <span style="">&nbsp / </span><span style="">&nbsp / </span><span style="">&nbsp / </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p>&nbsp / </p>

Magister Public Health - MPH / This study has reveled the levels of knowledge and compliance towards Universal Precautions and examined the factors that are influential in having a positive and negative effect on their adoption by healthcare practitioners in practice. Despite acceptable knowledge regarding the potential for infection and mechanisms to prevent these infections, this study has found out that health care workers are not as compliant with universal precautions as they need to be. The findings that compliance correlated directly with knowledge, with in-service training and with availability of protective equipment, provide important indications for future interventions. Therefore a regular on job refreshing training program on Universal Precautions, a written guideline and reminder poster on Universal Precautions and personal protective equipment need to be made available for all health care providers in every department of the hospital for better compliance.

Este trabalho realizou o estudo do comportamento de misturas de solo arenoso e argila, estabilizado quimicamente com cimento, para aplicação em barreiras de proteção ambiental. A proposta essencial foi a utilização de um solo arenoso, proveniente da Formação Botucatu, presente em vastas áreas do território brasileiro e através de um processo de alteração, torná-lo apto à utilização em barreiras de proteção ambiental. O projeto e análise de experimentos foram realizados através da técnica de planejamento fatorial 23 composto. Foram consideradas três variáveis independentes: teor de umidade (w), porcentagem de cimento (C) e quantidade de argila (A), variando em dois níveis cada. Foi utilizado cimento Portland CP II-Z 32 e argila bentonita sódica comercial. Foram avaliados os comportamentos de fluxo e transporte de água e contamintante (KCl), realizados através de ensaios de percolação em coluna e com permeâmetros de parede rígida com carga constante e ensaios de equilíbrio em lote. Foram avaliados os parâmetros de resistência do solo com os ensaios de resistência à compressão simples (RCS) e cisalhamento direto (CD). Também foram avaliados os comportamentos de expansão e contração das misturas. Foram realizados ensaios de porosimetria por intrusão de mercúrio para verificar a alteração microestrutural das misturas. Após realização dos ensaios, as analises estatísticas permitiram avaliar os efeitos das variáveis independentes sobre as propriedades das misturas. Os fatores w, C e A se mostraram adequados para descrever o comportamento das propriedades avaliadas das misturas. Os parâmetros de fluxo e transporte se mostraram adequados para a finalidade do material. As misturas solo-cimento-argila apresentaram ganho elevado de resistência e comportamento mais estável frente a contração quando comparadas as misturas solo-argila. Foi empregado o método de superfície de respostas para interpretar o comportamento e identificar a tendência de alteração das propriedades. Com o procedimento proposto foi possível avaliar a influência dos fatores e descrever as alterações causadas pelas misturas com cimento e argila. / In this research the behavior of sandy soil and clay mixtures, chemically stabilized with cement, for application in environmental protection barriers was determined. The essential proposal was to use of a sandy soil, from Botucatu Formation, present in vast areas of the Brazilian territory and through an alteration process, make it suitable for use in environmental protection barriers. The design and analysis of experiments were performed using the 23 factorial composite technique. Three independent variables were considered: moisture content (w), percentage of cement (C) and amount of clay (A), varying in two levels each. Portland cement CP II-Z 32 and commercial sodium bentonite clay were used. Flow and transport behavior of water and contaminant (KCl) were evaluated through column percolation tests and with rigid wall permeameters with constant load and batch equilibrium tests. The soil resistance parameters were tested with the simple compression strength (RCS) and direct shear test (CD). The expansion and contraction behavior of the mixtures were also evaluated. Mercury intrusion porosimetry tests were performed to verify the microstructural alteration of the mixtures. After the statistical analysis, it was possible to evaluate the effects of the independent variables on the properties of the mixtures. The moisture, cement and clay contents were adequate to describe the behavior of the evaluated properties of the mixtures. The flow and transport parameters were adequate for the purpose of the material. The soil-cement-clay mixtures presented a high gain of resistance and a more stable behavior against contraction when compared to soil-clay mixtures. The response surface method was used to interpret the behavior and to identify the tendency of the properties. With the proposed procedure it was possible to evaluate the influence of the factors and to describe the changes caused by the mixtures with cement and clay.

This thesis investigates and design innovative concepts of noise protection solutions (NPS) for the Swedish high-speed railway (HSR) that is planned to be built between Stockholm and Gothenburg in the near future. The planned traffic will start in 2035. The concepts have been developed through a design process, starting with a research phase of existing solutions for the problem, theory about noise and absorbing materials. Following by an analysis of all researched data to narrow down the project and the interviews with the Swedish transport administration, this in order to pinpoint the requirements for the NPS. To get opinions from people who are exposed to low frequency noise, two questionnaires were conducted with a total of 80 respondents. Because of the difficulty to find the exact target group of people who are only exposed to the noise from high speed trains, the first questionnaire was open for all people who are exposed to low frequency noise (traffic noise). The second questionnaire was published at Trafikverket Facebook page, and because of their high number of followers, people who are exposed to train noise could easily be reached. From the answers and the analyzed data, a requirement specification for the NPS was created with all the requirements that the NPS needed to have according to Trafikverkets standards and from the questionnaire. These requirements were the prerequisite used in the synthesis phase. Different brainstorming methods were used to develop a large amount of ideas. A workshop with people from the society was held to keep the creativity alive. From the first synthesis phase, six ideas out of 160 ideas were chosen by a dot evaluation, and in order to narrow down the ideas even more, a matrix evaluation was used. The matrix was built from the requirement specification to verify which ideas fit most of the requirements for a new NPS. From this evaluation, two concepts were chosen to be developed further. After a validation from Trafikverket, the two concepts were further developed, this by an open brainstorming session. Via discussions and sketching, new ideas for the concepts arose. We found solutions for the problems that arose with each concept and made final decisions about the design and material. Three concepts were 3D visualized in the CAD program Rhinoceros. Final touches of the concepts were made in Keyshot. Throughout this thesis, three concepts for noise protections for the HSR have been developed and the research question “How can innovation be created by using a design process?” have been discussed and answered.