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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Um algoritmo proximal com quase-distância / A proximal algorithm with quasi-distance

Assunção Filho, Pedro Bonfim de 25 February 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-05-14T15:48:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Pedro Bonfim de Assunção Filho - 2015.pdf: 1595722 bytes, checksum: f3fd3bdb8a9b340d60e156dcf07a9d63 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-05-14T15:51:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Pedro Bonfim de Assunção Filho - 2015.pdf: 1595722 bytes, checksum: f3fd3bdb8a9b340d60e156dcf07a9d63 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T15:51:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Pedro Bonfim de Assunção Filho - 2015.pdf: 1595722 bytes, checksum: f3fd3bdb8a9b340d60e156dcf07a9d63 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this work, based in [1, 18], we study the convergence of method of proximal point (MPP) regularized by a quasi-distance, applied to an optimization problem. The objective function considered not is necessarily convex and satisfies the property of Kurdyka- Lojasiewicz around by their generalized critical points. More specifically, we will show that any limited sequence, generated from MPP, converge the a generalized critical point. / Neste trabalho, baseado em [1, 18], estudamos a convergência do método do ponto proximal (MPP) regularizado por uma quase-distância aplicado a um problema de otimização. A função objetivo considerada não é necessariamente convexa e satisfaz a propriedade de Kurdyka-Lojasiewicz ao redor de seus pontos críticos generalizados. Mais precisamente, mostraremos que qualquer sequência limitada, gerada pelo MPP, converge a um ponto crítico generalizado.
2

Estimation d'un modèle de mélange paramétrique et semiparamétrique par des phi-divergences / Estimation of parametric and semiparametric mixture models using phi-divergences

Al-Mohamad, Diaa 17 November 2016 (has links)
L’étude des modèles de mélanges est un champ très vaste en statistique. Nous présentons dans la première partie de la thèse les phi-divergences et les méthodes existantes qui construisent des estimateurs robustes basés sur des phi-divergences. Nous nous intéressons en particulier à la forme duale des phi-divergences et nous construisons un nouvel estimateur robuste basant sur cette formule. Nous étudions les propriétés asymptotiques de cet estimateur et faisons une comparaison numérique avec les méthodes existantes. Dans un seconde temps, nous introduisons un algorithme proximal dont l’objectif est de calculer itérativement des estimateurs basés sur des critères de divergences statistiques. La convergence de l’algorithme est étudiée et illustrée par différents exemples théoriques et sur des données simulées. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous construisons une nouvelle structure pour les modèles de mélanges à deux composantes dont l’une est inconnue. La nouvelle approche permet d’incorporer une information a priori linéaire de type moments ou L-moments. Nous étudions les propriétés asymptotiques des estimateurs proposés. Des simulations numériques sont présentées afin de montrer l’avantage de la nouvelle approche en comparaison avec les méthodes existantes qui ne considèrent pas d’information a priori à part une hypothèse de symétrie sur la composante inconnue. / The study of mixture models constitutes a large domain of research in statistics. In the first part of this work, we present phi-divergences and the existing methods which produce robust estimators. We are more particularly interested in the so-called dual formula of phi-divergences. We build a new robust estimator based on this formula. We study its asymptotic properties and give a numerical comparison with existing methods on simulated data. We also introduce a proximal-point algorithm whose aim is to calculate divergence-based estimators. We give some of the convergence properties of this algorithm and illustrate them on theoretical and simulated examples. In the second part of this thesis, we build a new structure for two-component mixture models where one component is unknown. The new approach permits to incorporate a prior linear information about the unknown component such as moment-type and L-moments constraints. We study the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators. Several experimental results on simulated data are illustrated showing the advantage of the novel approach and the gain from using the prior information in comparison to existing methods which do not incorporate any prior information except for a symmetry assumption over the unknown component.
3

Développement de méthodes itératives pour la reconstruction en tomographie spectrale / Iterative methods for spectral computed tomography reconstruction

Tairi, Souhil 20 June 2019 (has links)
Depuis quelques années les détecteurs à pixels hybrides ont ouvert la voie au développement de la tomographie à rayon X spectrale ou tomodensitométrie (TDM) spectrale. La TDM spectrale permet d’extraire plus d’information concernant la structure interne de l’objet par rapport à la TDM d’absorption classique. Un de ses objectifs dans l’imagerie médicale est d’identifier et quantifier des composants d’intérêt dans un objet, tels que des marqueurs biologique appelés agents de contraste (iode, baryum, etc.). La majeure partie de l’état de l’art procède en deux étapes : - la "pré-reconstruction" qui consiste à séparer les composants dans l’espace des projections puis reconstruire, - la "post-reconstruction", qui reconstruit l’objet puis sépare les composants.On s’intéresse dans ce travail de thèse à une approche qui consiste à séparer et reconstruire simultanément les composants de l’objet. L’état de l’art des méthodes de reconstruction et séparation simultanées de données de TDM spectrale reste à ce jour peu fourni et les approches de reconstruction existantes sont limitées dans leurs performances et ne tiennent souvent pas compte de la complexité du modèle d’acquisition.L’objectif principal de ce travail de thèse est de proposer des approches de reconstruction et séparation tenant compte de la complexité du modèle afin d’améliorer la qualité des images reconstruites. Le problème à résoudre est un problème inverse, mal-posé, non-convexe et de très grande dimension. Pour le résoudre, nous proposons un algorithme proximal à métrique variable. Des résultats prometteurs sont obtenus sur des données réelles et montrent des avantages en terme de qualité de reconstruction. / In recent years, hybrid pixel detectors have paved the way for the development of spectral X ray tomography or spectral tomography (CT). Spectral CT provides more information about the internal structure of the object compared to conventional absorption CT. One of its objectives in medical imaging is to obtain images of components of interest in an object, such as biological markers called contrast agents (iodine, barium, etc.).The state of the art of simultaneous reconstruction and separation of spectral CT data methods remains to this day limited. Existing reconstruction approaches are limited in their performance and often do not take into account the complexity of the acquisition model.The main objective of this thesis work is to propose better quality reconstruction approaches that take into account the complexity of the model in order to improve the quality of the reconstructed images. Our contribution considers the non-linear polychromatic model of the X-ray beam and combines it with an earlier model on the components of the object to be reconstructed. The problem thus obtained is an inverse, non-convex and misplaced problem of very large dimensions.To solve it, we propose a proximal algorithmwith variable metrics. Promising results are shown on real data. They show that the proposed approach allows good separation and reconstruction despite the presence of noise (Gaussian or Poisson). Compared to existing approaches, the proposed approach has advantages over the speed of convergence.
4

Comportement asymptotique de systèmes dynamiques discrets et continus en Optimisation et EDP : algorithmes de minimisation proximale alternée et dynamique du deuxieme ordre à dissipation évanescente. / Asymptotic behavior of discrete and continuous dynamical systems in Optimization and PDE's : alternating proximal minimization algorithms and second order dynamical system with vanishing dissipation.

Frankel, Pierre 27 September 2011 (has links)
La première partie de cette thèse (articles I et II) est consacrée à l'étude du comportement asymptotique des solutions d'un système dynamique du second ordre avec dissipation évanescente. Le système dynamique est étudié dans sa version continue et dans sa version discrète via un algorithme.La deuxième partie de cette thèse (articles III à VI) est consacrée à l'étude de plusieurs algorithmes de type proximal. Nous montrons que ces algorithmes convergent vers des solutions de certains problèmes de minimisation. Dans chaque cas, une application est donnée dans le cadre de la décomposition de domaine pour les EDP. / The first part of this thesis is devoted to the study of the asymptotic behavior of solutions of a second order dynamic system with vanishing dissipation. The dynamic system is studied in its continuous version and in its discrete version via an algorithm.The second part is about the study of several proximal-type algorithms. We show that these algorithms converge to solutions of some minimization problems. In each case, an application is given in the area of domain decomposition for PDE's.
5

Restaurace signálu s omezenou okamžitou hodnotou s použitím psychoakustického modelu / Restoration of signals with limited instantaneous value using a psychoacoustic model

Beňo, Tomáš January 2019 (has links)
The master's thesis deals with the restoration of audio signals that have been damaged by clipping. Used methods are based on sparse representations of signals. The introduction of the thesis explains the issue of clipping and mentions the list of already existing methods that solve declipping, which are followed by the thesis. In the next chapter, the necessary theory of sparse representations and the proximal algorithms is described, including specific representatives from the category of convex optimization problems. The thesis contains declipping algorithm implemented in Matlab software environment. Chosen method for solving the task uses the Condat algorithm or Generic proximal algorithm for convex optimization and solves minimization of sum of three convex functions. The result of the thesis is five versions of algorithm and three of them have implemented psychoacoustic model for results improvement. For each version has been found optimal setting of parameters. The restoration quality results are evaluated using objective measurements like SDR and PEMO-Q and also using subjective listening test.

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