Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:48:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lariane_Souza_da_Silva.pdf: 1189397 bytes, checksum: 1e10edda08abaad18f95d44a9235040e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-10 / Fundação Araucária / The growing demand of milk to supply the population has promoted the evolution of this chain, especially with regard to aspects related to food safety. Thus, this study traced psychrotrophic and proteolytic microorganisms, which are responsible for the separation of the main milk protein, k-casein, with emphasis on identifying and preserving Pseudomonas and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This species presents high virulence, thus, it is very important to public health and to produce biofilm on several surfaces. The tracing samples were collected from the milking phases and were collected with hand swabs on udder, bucket, cooler, blower, raw milk collection and of milking water. The nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis analysis was used to screening of microorganisms in milking phases, while CMP evaluation results were obtained by the Principal Component Analysis. The results indicated that as the psychrotrophic bacteria counting increased (p <0.05), CMP values decreased. This has indicated lower levels of proteolysis, and it could possibly be related to the fact that psychrotrophic microorganisms present in samples did not have the proteolytic ability. The highest point of contamination indicated in tracing was the surface of the animals udder due to the adopted management, since most producers did not carry out a correct hygiene during this phase / A crescente demanda por leite para a abastecimento da população promoveu a necessidade de evolução dessa cadeia, principalmente no que diz respeito aos aspectos relacionados à segurança dos alimentos. O presente estudo rastreou microrganismos psicrotróficos e proteolíticos que realizam a quebra da principal proteína leiteira, a k-caseína, com destaque para a identificação e preservação de Pseudomonas e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Essa espécie é de alta virulência, com importância em saúde pública e também em formação de biofilmes em superfícies diversas. As amostras coletadas para rastreamento provieram das etapas de ordenha e foram coletadas com swabs de mão, em teto, balde, resfriador, insuflador, e a coleta do leite cru e da água da ordenha. Utilizou-se a análise não paramétrica de Kruskal-Wallis para o rastreamento dos microrganismos nas etapas de ordenha e os resultados da avaliação do CMP foram obtidos pela Análise de Componentes Principais. Os resultados indicaram que: à medida que a contagem de bactérias psicrotróficas aumentou (p<0,05), diminuíram-se os valores para o CMP, indicando menor nível de proteólise, o que possivelmente poderia estar relacionado ao fato dos microrganismos psicrotróficos presentes nas amostras não possuíam a capacidade proteolítica. O ponto de maior contaminação indicado no rastreamento foi a superfície de teto dos animais, devido ao manejo adotado, pois a maioria dos produtores não realizavam a higienização correta

A análise de fluxos metabólicos para a produção de PHAMCL por Pseudomonas sp. LFM046 revelou que a baixa eficiência de conversão de carboidratos em PHA (60-70% do valor máximo teórico) deve estar associada à utilização principal da via das pentoses (VP) para o metabolismo de carboidratos. Eficiências significativamente maiores poderiam ser obtidas se uma parcela maior da glicose fosse metabolizada pela via Entner-Doudoroff (ED). Assim, neste trabalho foi realizada a análise de fluxos metabólicos utilizando glicose marcada (C13) e o melhoramento genético de Pseudomonas sp. LFM046 utilizando estratégia de engenharia metabólica. Experimentos com glicose marcada confirmaram um maior fluxo de carboidratos pela VP em relação a ED. A superexpressão de genes específicos de ED em Pseudomonas sp. LFM046 demonstrou apenas pequenos aumentos na eficiência de conversão de carboidratos em PHA pelas linhagens recombinantes. / The metabolic flux analysis for PHAMCL production by Pseudomonas sp. LFM046 revealed that the low efficiency of carbohydrates conversion into PHA (60-70% of the maximum theoretical value) should be associated with the main use of pentose phosphate pathway (PP) for the carbohydrate metabolism. Significantly higher efficiencies could be obtained if a larger portion of the glucose was metabolized via the Entner-Doudoroff (ED). Therefore, the metabolic fluxes analysis was performed in this work using labeled glucose (13C) and the genetic improvement of Pseudomonas sp. LFM046 by using metabolic engineering approach. Experiments with labeled glucose confirmed an increased flow of carbohydrates by PP compared to ED. The overexpression of specific genes from ED in Pseudomonas sp. LFM046 showed only small increases in the efficiency of carbohydrates conversion into PHA by recombinant strains.

Ramnolipídios (RHLs) são biossurfactantes produzidos por Pseudomonas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de produção de ramnolipídios por isolados de Pseudomonas considerando os efeitos das fontes de carbono ou nitrogênio tanto na concentração de ramnolipídios produzida como na composição deste. De 47 isolados bacterianos, cinco foram selecionados qualitativamente para avaliação da produção de ramnolipídios, analisando 48 combinações diferentes de meio mineral. A produção de polihidroxialcanoatos (PHAs) também foi avaliada. Glicose e óleos de canola e linhaça foram as fontes de carbono que promoveram a maior formação de RHLs. Nitrato de sódio se mostrou a melhor fonte de nitrogênio para produção desse tensoativo. A análise do PHA e do RHL purificados revelou a presença de 3-hidroxi-6-dodecenoato (3HDd<font face=\"Symbol\">D6), um composto proveniente exclusivamente da <font face=\"Symbol\">b-oxidação do ácido linoleico. Esses resultados indicam que a <font face=\"Symbol\">b-oxidação de ácidos graxos também contribui com intermediários metabólicos para a biossíntese de RHLs, ao contrário ao reportado na literatura. / Ramnolipids (RHLs) are biosurfactants produced by Pseudomonas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of rhamnolipids by Pseudomonas isolates, considering the effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on their concentration and composition. From 47 bacterial isolates, five were selected qualitatively for to evaluate the RHLs production, analyzing 48 different combinations of mineral medium. The production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) was also evaluated. Linseed oil, canola oil and glucose were the carbon sources that promoted formation the largest amounts of RHLs. From plant oils, sodium nitrate proved to be the best nitrogen source for RHLs production. The analysis of purified PHA and RHL revealed the presence of the 3-hydroxy-6-dodecenoate, a compound derived exclusively from <font face=\"Symbol\">b-oxidation of linoleic acid. These results indicate that the <font face=\"Symbol\">b-oxidation of fat acids, contributes with intermediates for the biosynthesis of RHLs, unlike literature reports.

Orientador: Carlos Emilio Levy / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T23:09:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mauch_RenanMarrichi_M.pdf: 2012702 bytes, checksum: 947bbc196f2331b0a48b9596a06effdc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A Fibrose Cística (FC) é uma doença genética decorrente da disfunção da proteína reguladora da condutância transmembrana (CFTR), essencial para o transporte de íons e água pela membrana celular, sendo a doença pulmonar a mais preponderante das manifestações, havendo colonização bacteriana seguida de infecções, principalmente por Pseudomonas aeruginosa, bactéria de maior relevância para pacientes com FC. Neste estudo, buscamos padronizar e avaliar o valor diagnóstico e prognóstico de um teste de ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) para pesquisa de anticorpos séricos IgG anti-P. aeruginosa, comparando os resultados com a cultura microbiológica de material respiratório (padrão-ouro atual). Os níveis de anticorpos foram avaliados primeiramente em um estudo transversal, com 117 pacientes com FC atentidos no HC-Unicamp, buscando determinar a acurácia do teste, e paralelamente em um estudo longitudinal, com 78 pacientes inicialmente sem infecção crônica por P. aeruginosa, buscando monitorar a variação dos níveis de anticorpos em diferentes períodos de coleta de amostras. Observamos que a taxa de soropositividade e a mediana dos níveis de IgG anti-Pseudomonas foram significativamente maiores em pacientes cronicamente infectados pela bactéria, tendo o teste sensibilidade de 96,8%, especificidade de 98,1%, valor preditivo positivo de 96,8% e valor preditivo negativo de 98,1% para a detecção da infecção crônica. Houve aumento progressivo dos níveis de anticorpos dos pacientes ao longo do tempo, com maior significância em dois períodos de coleta, entre pacientes que apresentaram evolução no perfil de colonização/infecção por P. aeruginosa. Foi possível, pela pesquisa de anticorpos, a detecção da bactéria até 15 meses antes do primeiro isolamento positivo em cultura e pacientes com níveis de anticorpos elevados no início do estudo apresentaram maior risco de posterior evolução no perfil de colonização/infecção por P. aeruginosa. Concluímos que a sorologia pode ser um recurso diagnóstico de grande utilidade para a detecção precoce da infecção pulmonar P. aeruginosa em pacientes com FC, complementando resultados da cultura microbiológica. Introduzindo-a na rotina de acompanhamento dos pacientes, será possível a terapia antimicrobiana precoce, o que poderá ajudar a melhorar a função pulmonar dos pacientes e sua qualidade de vida / Abstract: Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease, resulting from disfunction of the CFTR protein, which is essential for the transportation of ions and water across the cell membrane, being the pulmonary disease the most prominent manifestation, where there is bacterial colonization followed by infections, mainly caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the most relevant bacterium for CF patients. The aim of this study was to standardize and to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic values of an ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) test for detection of serum anti-P. aeruginosa IgG antibodies, comparing the results with the microbiological respiratory culture (current gold standard). The antibody levels were first evaluated in a cross sectional study, with 117 CF patients attended at the HC-Unicamp, seeking to evaluate the accuracy of the test, and in a parallel longitudinal study, with 78 patients initially without P. aeruginosa chronic infection, seeking to monitor the variation in the antibody levels in different periods of sample collection. We observed that the seropositivity rate and the median of the anti-Pseudomonas IgG antibody levels were significantly higher in chronically infected patients, with the serological test presenting a sensitivity of 96.8%, specificity of 98.1%, positive predictive value of 96.8% and negative predictive value of 98.1% for detection of chronic infection. There was a progressive increase of the antibody levels in the patients over time, with greater significance, in two collection periods, among patients who presented evolution in the P. aeruginosa colonization/infection status. Through antibody measurement, we could detect the bacterium until 15 months before the first positive isolation in microbiological culture and the patients with elevated antibody levels in the baseline showed higher risk for later evolution in the P. aeruginosa colonization/infection status. We conclude that serology can be a very useful diagnostic resource for early detection of P. aeruginosa pulmonary infection, complementing microbiological results. By introducing it on the follow-up routine, the early antimicrobial therapy will be possible, which will help to improve the patients¿ lung function and quality of life / Mestrado / Saude da Criança e do Adolescente / Mestre em Ciências

Orientador: Selma Giorgio, Luciana Maria de Hollanda / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia. / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T19:40:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_FlaviaLuna_M.pdf: 5109370 bytes, checksum: b5d1a1158570ae39829ed8ec9ff682e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Pseudomonas aeruginosa é um dos principais patógenos oportunistas responsáveis pelas infecções nosocomiais. Essas infecções representam um grave problema de saúde para pessoas com feridas graves e queimaduras, sendo responsável por altas taxas de mortalidade nos pacientes. Os tecidos cronicamente lesados apresentam microáreas de hipóxia, pouco vascularizadas, que são extremamente difíceis de serem tratadas, diminuem e alteram os efeitos dos medicamentos propiciando que linhagens multiresistentes desse patógeno infectem e sobrevivam. Assim, torna-se imprescindível o desenvolvimento de tratamentos que sejam eficazes tanto no combate do patógeno, como na regeneração do tecido destruído. A terapia com oxigenação hiperbárica (HBO) promove a regeneração tecidual pela formação de novos vasos, apresenta propriedades bacteriostáticas e bactericidas e pode atuar de forma sinérgica com antibióticos. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi avaliar o papel da HBO no crescimento de P. aeruginosa, na ação de imipenem e em macrófagos e peles artificiais infectadas com esse patógeno. Nossos resultados mostraram que a exposição de seis cepas de P. aeruginosa a HBO (100% de O2 a 3 ATA pressão) diminui o crescimento bacteriano, além de potencializar o efeito de imipenem/cilastatina no combate a esta bactéria. A exposição a HBO durante 90 minutos protegeu macrófagos peritoneais da lise causada pela infecção bacteriana. Quando peles artificiais infectadas com P. aeruginosa foram expostas a HBO a carga bacteriana destes tecidos diminuiu. Os nossos resultados evidenciam a importância do tratamento hiperbárico no controle de infecções causadas por este patógeno / Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major opportunistic pathogens responsible for nosocomial infections. These infections represent a serious health problem for people with severe wounds and burns and are responsible for high mortality rates in these patients. The chronically injured tissues have small areas of hypoxia, these areas, low vascularization, are extremely difficult to treat, reduce and alter the effects of medicines providing that multiresistant strains of this pathogen to infect and survive in these places. Thus, it is essential to develop a treatment that is effective both in combating the pathogen, as in the regeneration of damaged tissue. Therapy with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) promotes tissue regeneration by new vessel formation, has bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties and can act synergistically with antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of HBO on the growth of P. aeruginosa, in the imipenem action and infected macrophages and artificial skin infected with this pathogen. Our results show that exposure of six strains of P. aeruginosa to hyperbaric conditions (100% O2 at 3 ATA pressure) reduces bacterial growth, and maximize the effect of imipenem/ cilastatina against this bacterium. Exposure to HBO for 90 minutes protected macrophages from lysis caused by bacterial infection. Artificial skins infected with P. aeruginosa and exposed to HBO showed a decrease in bacterial load. These results support the importance of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in control infections caused by this pathogen / Mestrado / Imunologia / Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular

Pseudomonas aeruginosa est une bactérie pathogène opportuniste qui peut développer deux modes d’infection. Les infections aigües sont associées à la production et à la sécrétion de toxines qui peuvent avoir un effet cytotoxique, alors que dans le contexte d’une infection chronique la bactérie a tendance à s’établir sous la forme d’un biofilm. Un biofilm est une population de microorganismes organisée en une communauté et attachée sur une surface. Cette surface peut être biotique ou abiotique. Les biofilms bactériens ont des caractéristiques intrinsèques qui les rendent plus résistants à des conditions environnementales difficiles (pH, oxygène, UV, flux, etc…). Dans le cadre d’une infection l’établissement du biofilm résulte aussi en une population bactérienne difficile à éliminer par le système immunitaire mais également résistante aux antibiotiques. Des déterminants moléculaires majeurs qui interviennent dans la formation du biofilm sont le flagelle, les pili de type IV et les fimbriae Cup pour l’attachement, ou bien encore les exopolysaccharides qui sont avec l’ADN des composants essentiels de la matrice extracellulaire du biofilm qui englobe la population bactérienne. Chez P. aeuginosa, si l’alginate est le polysaccharide majeur, il a été montré que des souches non-mucoides forment également des biofilms et que dans ce contexte la synthèse et la sécrétion du polysaccharide majeur de la matrice sont dépendantes des gènes pel. Mon travail a consisté dans l’étude de l’organisation structurale du système Pel et le contrôle de son activité. / Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a human opportunistic pathogen, and in the course of an infection can develop two lifestyles. One of them is involved in secretion of toxins and results in acute infection, and the other one causes chronic infections and is characterized by formation of a biofilm. A biofilm is a highly organized bacterial population, organized as a complex community that is attached to a surface. Bacterial biofilm shows higher resistance to different enviromental factors including physical factors, antimicrobials or host immune response. Major components taking part in biofilm formation are flagella, type IV pili, cup fimbriae as well as exopolysaccharides. The latter provides a protective matrix for the biofilm, together with proteins and DNA. In non-mucoid strains the major exopolysaccharide of biofilm matrix is synthetised and secreted by pel gene cluster. My work concentrates on the structural organisation of Pel polysaccharide secretion machinery, regulation of its activity as well as detailed characterisation of the Pel polysaccharide itself.

It was demonstrated that induction of a major outer protein, HI, was associated with increased resistance to chelators of divalent cations such as EDTA and to the cationic antibiotics polymyxins and aminoglycosides. Outer membrane protein HI was the major cellular protein in cells grown in Mg²⁺-deficient medium (0.02 mM Mg²⁺) and in mutants selected for resistance to polymyxin. Increase in protein HI was associated with decrease in cell envelope Mg²⁺. Induction of protein HI was prevented by supplementation of Mg²⁺-deficient medium with 0.5 mM Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Mn²⁺ or Sr²⁺, but not by Zn²⁺, Ba²⁺, or Sn²⁺. Cells grown in Ca²⁺, Mn²⁺ or Zn²⁺ showed enhanced levels of these cations as main major cell envelope associated cation. Only cells grown in the presence of those cations which failed to prevent HI induction were resistant to chelators, polymyxin B and gentamicin. Protein HI overproducing cells also demonstrated altered streptomycin uptake. It was further demonstrated that aminoglycosides could interact with the outer membrane so as to make it more permeable to other substances. Mg²⁺ inhibited aminoglycoside-mediated permeabilization. Both aminoglycosides and polymyxin B could be shown to displace a small amount of Mg²⁺ from the cell envelope. / Science, Faculty of / Microbiology and Immunology, Department of / Graduate

Bactérias aclimatadas a cobre foram isoladas a partir de amostras de solo e água coletadas na região da Mina de Sossego (Vale, Carajás, PA). Pseudomonas putida sp. foi escolhida, pois, apresentou a maior capacidade sortiva de Cu2+, Q = 40 mg/g. O cultivo em regime de batelada, meio mineral, com glicerol como fonte de carbono, resultou fator de conversão de glicerol a células, YX/S, de 0,49 g/g e velocidade específica máxima de crescimento, mmax, de 0,11 h-1. Alta concentração celular, 90 g/L, foi alcançada em cultivos em regime de batelada alimentada. Promoveu-se sorção de cobre pelas células, por meio de adição contínua ou em pulsos, de solução de CuSO4. A maior sorção específica de cobre, Q, de 30 (mg de Cu2+/g de células), foi verificada na adição por pulsos. Fotos de MET da bactéria na ausência e presença de Cu2+ mostram acúmulo de cobre na membrana e internamente, caracterizando biossorção e bioacumulação. / Bacteria acclimated to copper were isolated from soil and water samples collected in Mina de Sossego (Vale, Carajás, PA). Pseudomonas putida sp. was chosen as it had the highest sorptive capacity for Cu2+, Q = 40 mg/g. The fed-batch culture in mineral medium with glycerol as the carbon source resulted in a glycerol-to-cell conversion factor, YX/S of 0.49 g/g and maximum specific growth rate, mmax of 0.11 h-1. High cell concentration, 90 g/L, was achieved in cultures in fed-batch regimen. Cooper sorption by cells was promoted, by continuous or pulse addition of CuSO4 solution. The highest specific copper sorption, Q, 30 (mg Cu+2/g of cells) was seen with the addition by pulses. TEM photos of the bacteria in the absence and presence of Cu+2 show copper accumulation in the membrane and internally, featuring biosorption and bioaccumulation.

Utilization of cyanide as the sole nitrogen source by Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIMB 11764 (Pf11764) occurs via oxidative conversion to carbon dioxide and ammonia, the latter satisfying the nitrogen requirement. Substrate attack is initiated oxygenolytically by an enzyme referred to as cyanide oxygenase (CNO), which exhibits properties of a pterin-dependent hydroxylase. The pterin requirement for Pf11764 CNO was satisfied by supplying either the fully (tetrahydro) or partially (dihydro) reduced forms of various pterin compounds at catalytic concentrations (0.5 µM). These compounds included, for example, biopterin, monapterin and neopterin, all of which were also identified in cell extracts. A related CNO-mediated mechanism of cyanide utilization was identified in cyanide-degrading P. putida BCN3. This conclusion was based on (i) the recovery of CO2 and NH3 as enzymatic reaction products, (ii) the dependency of substrate conversion on both O2 and NADH, and (iiii) utilization of cyanide, O2 and NADH in a 1:1:1 reaction stoichiometry. In contrast to findings reported for Pf11764, it was not possible to demonstrate a need for exogenously added pterin as a cofactor for the PpBCN3 enzyme system. However, results which showed that cells of PpBCN3 contained approximately seven times the amount of pterin as Pf11764 (of which a significant portion was protein-bound) were interpreted as indicating that sufficient bound CNO-cofactor exists, thus eliminating any need for a supplemental source.

A pyrA mutation in Pseudomonas putida was isolated using transposon mutagenesis for the first time. Transposon Tn5 was used to inactivate the pyrA gene for carbamoylphosphate synthetase in these mutants. Accordingly, these mutants were defective in pyrimidine and arginine biosynthesis. The suicide vector, pM075, from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was used to introduce the transposon into the cells. Tn5 was subsequently used to supply homology so that the plasmid pM075 could be introduced in its entirety into the Pseudomonas putida chromosome at the locus of the Tn5 insertion in the pyrA gene. Consequently, these strains exhibited high frequency of recombination and were capable of chromosome mobilization.