Psathyromyia shannoni por um longo tempo foi considerada a espécie de flebotomíneo com a mais ampla distribuição nas Américas, desde os Estados Unidos até a Argentina. Contribuíram para isto a inclusão em sua sinonímia de quatro espécies: Phlebotomus limai, Ph. bigeniculatus, Ph. microcephalus e Ph. pifanoi. Em uma primeira fase deste estudo um grupo de espécies muito próximas à Pa. shannoni foi identificado e denominado de Complexo Shannoni e foi visto que Pa. limai e Pa. bigeniculata eram espécies válidas, Ph. pestanai era sinônimo-júnior de Pa. limai e havia ainda a necessidade de descrever Pa. ribeirensis. No entanto, questões sobre a validade dos demais sinônimos foram levantadas e ao conduzir o estudo, surgiram outras questões, como a delimitação do subgênero, composição da série Lanei e série Shannoni e a afinidade entre as suas espécies, que precisavam ser esclarecidas. Objetivos. Revisar a taxonomia das espécies do subgênero Psathyromyia e realizar uma análise filogenética. Material e métodos. Exemplares de todas as espécies do subgênero Psathyromyia depositados em coleções entomológicas foram examinados para obtenção de dados morfológicos e morfométricos para uma revisão taxonômica e análise filogenética. Dados foram levantados da literatura e dos espécimes depositados nas coleções para a construção de mapas sobre a distribuição geográfica das espécies objeto de estudo. Resultados e Conclusões. Com a revisão taxonômica Pa. baratai foi descrita e sua distribuição geográfica foi apresentada. Phlebotomus microcephalus foi excluída da sinonímia de Pa. shannoni e inserida como sinônimo-júnior de Pa. bigeniculata. Psathyromyia pifanoi também foi retirada da sinonímia de Pa. shannoni, teve sua fêmea descrita e Lu. cuzquena foi incluída como seu sinônimo-júnior. A distribuição geográfica de Pa. shannoni foi redefinida com a retirada das quatro espécies de sua sinonímia, o Complexo Shannoni foi ampliado para 11 espécies, Pa. pifanoi foi retirada deste e considerada isolada no gênero Psathyromyia. A série Lanei (3 spp.) e a série Shannoni foram mantidas em Psathyromyia s. str., no entanto, a série Shannoni passou a ser constituída somente das espécies do complexo (11 spp.), e as demais foram inseridas em outras duas séries propostas: Campbelli (2 spp.) e Volcanensis (4 spp.). Lutzomyia cultellata, Lu. tanyopsis, Lu. ignacioi e Lu. ponsi foram excluídas do gênero e subgênero Psathyromyia e transferidas para o gênero Lutzomyia permanecendo isoladas. Por fim, a análise filogenética demonstrou nas quatro árvores obtidas e uma de consenso estrito que as espécies das séries: Lanei, Campbelli e Shannoni são monofiléticas e a série Volcanensis parafilética. A série Lanei e Campbelli ficaram externas ao clado Psathyromyia s. str. Psathyromyia maya foi posicionada como a espécie mais basal do clado que se refere à subtribo Psychodopygina. Lutzomyia ignacioi, Lu. ponsi e Lu. tanyopsis foram posicionados na subtribo Lutzomyiina e gênero Lutzomyia, bem como Lu. cultellata, agrupada no subgênero Tricholateralis / Psathyromyia shannoni was for a long time considered the sand fly species of the widest distribution in the Americas, from the United States to Argentina. Contributing to this was the inclusion as synonyms of four species: Phlebotomus limai, Ph. bigeniculatus, Ph. microcephalus and Ph. pifanoi. In the preliminary phase of these studies, a group of species very close to Pa. shannoni was identified and denominated the Shannoni Complex and it was seen that Pa. limai and Pa. bigeniculata were valid species, Ph. pestanai was a junior synonym of Pa. limai and there was still a need to describe Pa. ribeirensis. However, questions about the validity of these synonyms have been raised and studies have been undertaken to investigate this issue. As we conducted the study, other questions such as the delimitation of the subgenus, composition of Lanei and Shannoni series\' and the affinity between its species arose that called for clarification. Objectives. To review the subgenus Psathyromyia and perform a phylogenetic analysis. Material and methods. Specimens of all species of the subgenus of Psathyromyia deposited in entomological collections were examined to obtain morphological and morphometric data for taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis. Data were collected from the literature and from the specimens deposited in the collections to make maps of the geographical distribution of the species object of study. Results and Conclusions. With the taxonomic revision, Pa. baratai was described and its geographical distribution was presented. Phlebotomus microcephalus was excluded from synonymy with Pa. shannoni and inserted as junior synonym of Pa. bigeniculata. Psathyromyia pifanoi was revalidated, its female was described and Lu. cuzquena was included as its junior synonym. The geographical distribution of Pa. shannoni was redefined with the withdrawal of the four species from their previous synonymy, the Shannoni Complex was expanded to include 11 species, Pa. pifanoi was removed from the Complex and considered isolated in the genus Psathyromyia. The Lanei (3 spp.) and Shannoni series were maintained in the subgenus Psathyromyia, however, the Shannoni series was reduced to the species of the Shannoni Complex (11 spp.), and the other species that had belonged to this series were inserted in two other proposed series: Campbelli (2 spp.) and Volcanensis (4 spp.). Lutzomyia cultellata, Lu. tanyopsis, Lu. ignacioi and Lu. ponsi were excluded from the genus Psathyromyia and transferred as isolated to the Lutzomyia genus. Finally, the phylogenetic analysis resulted in four trees and one of strict consensus in which the species of the Lanei, Campbelli and Shannoni series are monophyletic and the Volcanensis series is paraphyletic. The Lanei and Campbelli series remained outside the Psathyromyia s. str. clade. Psathyromyia maya was positioned as the basal species of the clade that related to the subtribe Psychodopygina. Lutzomyia ignacioi, Lu. ponsi and Lu. tanyopsis were placed in the Lutzomyiina subtribe and Lutzomyia genus, as well as Lu. cultellata, grouped in the subgenus Tricholateralis

Des prospections réalisées en Equateur (Amazonie et côte pacifique) ont permis la collecte d'un matériel entomologique abondant et diversifié, notamment chez les Psychodopygina. Nos travaux ont permis de réaliser plusieurs travaux de systématique, essentiellement moléculaire. Afin de tester les hypothèses phylogénétiques développées par Galati (2010), nous avons conduit une étude de phylogénie moléculaire chez les Psychodopygina. Basée sur les séquences des domaines D1, C2 et D2 de l'ADNr 28S et sur celles d'une partie du cytochrome b de l'ADNmt, elle inclut 49 espèces représentant les sept genres de la sous tribu et la majorité des sous-genres et séries. Les marqueurs ribosomiques sont mieux adaptés à la problématique que le marqueur mitochondrial. Le genre Psychodopygus est monophylétique. En raison du positionnement de Ny. richardwardi parmi les Trichophoromyia, nous concluons à la paraphylie des genres Nyssomyia et Trichophoromyia. Le genre Psathyromyia est également paraphylétique, tout comme le genre Martinsmyia. Le genre Bichromomyia serait le groupe frère du genre Psychodopygus et la validité du genre Vianniamyia, inclus dans le genre Psathyromyia doit être discutée. Des phylogénies moléculaires plus terminales ont été réalisées par comparaison de séquences de l'ITS2, de l'EF-1α et du cytochrome b.Chez les Psychodopygus de la série Guyanensis, une étude moléculaire couplée à une étude morphologique et morphométrique de morphotypes différents chez Ps. geniculatus, en sympatrie avec Ps. corossoniensis et Ps. luisleoni nous a conduit à décrire une espèce nouvelle pour la science : Ps. francoisleponti.Chez Pa. aragaoi, notre étude pilote basée sur l'analyse de morphotypes différents allopatriques et sympatriques renforce l'hypothèse de l'existence probable d'un complexe d'espèces chez ce taxon. Chez Ny. trapidoi, les analyses moléculaires et enzymatiques conduites sur des exemplaires clairs et foncés ne supportent pas la mise en évidence de deux populations comme cela avait été auparavant démontré. Nos approches épidémiologiques ont permis de mettre en évidence l'ADN d'Endotrypanum monterogeii chez plusieurs exemplaires de Ny. trapidoi. Si aucun phlebovirus n'a été détecté dans les échantillons étudiés, nous rapportons la présence d'un flavivirus chez Pa. abonnenci. Mots-clés: Psychodopygina, Equateur, ADN ribosomique, ADN mitochondrial, phylogénie, Endotrypanum. / Most Ecuadorian sand flies studied so far belong to Psychodopygina sub tribe and the present research uses morphometric and modern molecular techniques to answer many some questions regarding this taxon in Ecuador. We present phenetic and phylogenetic analyses based on the sequences of the domains D1, C2 and D2 of the 28S rDNA and cytochrome b mtDNA were used to test the classification of Psychodopygina sub tribe proposed by Galati (2010). Our study includes 49 species representing the seven genera included in the sub tribe and its main subgenera and series. The results support the monophyly of the genus Psychodopygus. The genera Psathyromyia, Nyssomyia and Trichophoromyia are paraphyletic. Bichromomyia is the sister group of Psychodopygus and the validity of the genus Viannamyia is doubtful because it is included inside the Psathyromyia genus. Our data strongly suggest the presence of two populations within Ps. geniculatus and the lack of intermediate forms between these two morphotypes incited us to describe a new sympatric species, Psychodopygus francoisleponti.We also carried out a pilot study based on the analysis of different allopatric and sympatric morphotypes of Pa. aragaoi which suggested the existence of a possible complex of species in this taxa.Finally, we analyzed of mitochondrial gene sequences and isoenzymes from Ny. trapidoi collecte from Ecuador and our result did not support the existence of two sibling species within as previously reported in the literature. From an epidemiological point of view, we emphasize the probable vectorial role of Nyssomyia trapidoi for Endotrypanum monterogeii. Moreover, no phlebovirus was detected in the processed sand flies whereas a flavivirus has been found in a pool of Psathyromyia. abonnenci females.Key words: Psychodopygina, Ecuador, ribosomal DNA, mitochondrial DNA, phylogeny, Endotrypanum.