Despite historians describing the 1970s as a time of détente, both National Security Advisors that dominated America’s foreign policy pursued harsh stances against the Soviet Union. Henry Kissinger and Zbigniew Brzezinski sabotaged peace talks in order help the United States keep its edge against the other world superpower. Most historians point to the similarities between these two men, but what is most often left out of the narrative is that both men witnessed persecution at the hands of totalitarian governments: Kissinger by the Nazis and Brzezinski by both the Nazis and the Soviets. This influence is strong in their first works written at Harvard University, where they met Dr. Carl J. Friedrich and Hannah Arendt, both German émigrés. This paper will explore how European intellectuals, as well as their own European heritage, predisposed both Henry Kissinger and Zbigniew Brzezinski in their hawkish stances against the Soviet Union.

This dissertation excavates the political economy and cultural politics of the "Vanishing Indian." While much of the scholarship situates this ubiquitous American trope as a rhetorical representation, I consider the ways in which the "Vanishing Indian" was necessarily rooted in the emerging capitalist and cultural economy of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. By combining cultural history, Native studies, material culture, and public history, my project addresses a predicament peculiar to settler societies. Specifically, I address the dilemma faced by an immigrant people who attempted to make the transition from colonial to national without being indigenous. My investigation into the complex historical processes of a symbolic, material, and oftentimes-ambivalent reconfiguration of self seeks to broaden our understanding of a national identity not only rooted, but also deeply invested, in settler-colonialism. The ancient mummified remains of an early Woodland aboriginal woman disinterred in Kentucky in 1811, are the axis around which this dissertation revolves. The history of her disinterment links American national identity formation with capitalist imperatives for natural resource extraction, the exploitation of slave labor, settler expansion, and the development of another form of "Indian Removal" – practiced below ground, as it were. The plunder of ancient ruins, disinterment of Indian graves, and the correlated development of early American archaeology became part of a larger national project. While Native remains were not in and of themselves economic resources, increasingly, speculators in science and antiquities came to regard them as both natural and national resources. Their disinterment was certainly as much a byproduct of scientific speculation as of speculation in lands "opened up" by western expansion. The appropriation of Native remains became a locus of power through which Americans sought to add the length and breadth of an historic past to the promise of a national future. Ultimately, I seek to interrogate one of the many aims of colonization through settlement—the appropriation of indigenous status—and situate a history of science, curiosity, and the appropriation of American Indian land and bodies at the center of this development.

This paper examines the ongoing conflict between Squaw Valley Ski Holdings and the local Tahoe community and analyzes this conflict within the greater historical context of ski resort consolidation and development across the Western United States.

Submitted by Luciana Martins (luckianas@gmail.com) on 2018-01-23T17:20:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE DE DOUTORADO-LUCIANA CONCEIÇÃO DE ALMEIDA MARTINS.pdf: 13128569 bytes, checksum: 63b3f886bbce5e88aa207d51f1b1065b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2018-01-24T11:13:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE DE DOUTORADO-LUCIANA CONCEIÇÃO DE ALMEIDA MARTINS.pdf: 13128569 bytes, checksum: 63b3f886bbce5e88aa207d51f1b1065b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-24T11:13:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE DE DOUTORADO-LUCIANA CONCEIÇÃO DE ALMEIDA MARTINS.pdf: 13128569 bytes, checksum: 63b3f886bbce5e88aa207d51f1b1065b (MD5) / Proet/Suprof - Uneb / A tese intitulada HISTÓRIA PÚBLICA DO QUILOMBO DO CABULA: representações de resistências em museu virtual 3D aplicada à mobilização do turismo de base comunitária prima pela proposta de aprofundamento, fundamentação e construção do conhecimento sobre a história pública da localidade do Cabula, em especial, na fase em que era quilombo. O objetivo foi desenvolver uma mediação na forma de Museu Virtual 3D do histórico quilombo do Cabula e das suas relações de resistência negra, integrada à proposta de mobilização do Turismo de Base Comunitária. Trata-se de uma pesquisa interdisciplinar, pois agrega a) pesquisa historiográfica embasada na dimensão da história pública com abordagem social; b) a contribuição dos saberes de comunitários que residem nas localidades que integram o projeto de turismo de base comunitária e c) tecnologia da informação e comunicação, representada pela proposta de desenvolvimento do museu virtual como elemento mediador do conhecimento. A metodologia adotada foi o Design Based Research - DBR, que tem como princípio a práxis, a interdisciplinaridade e a resolução de problemas. Os resultados apresentados, como o design cognitivo, a modelagem, o desenvolvimento do museu e análise da aplicação, confirmam a tese proposta de que o museu virtual em 3D, ancorado em princípios do dialogismo, socioconstrutivismo e com posicionamento de aplicabilidade da história, contribui para mediar conhecimentos entre públicos mais amplos e saberes históricos antes restritos ao meio acadêmico. / Abstract The thesis titled PUBLIC HISTORY OF QUILOMBO DO CABULA: representations of resistance in 3D virtual museum applied to the mobilization of community-based tourism is distinguished by the proposal of deepening, foundation and construction of knowledge about the public history of the locality of Cabula, especially in the phase in which It was a Quilombo. The objective was to develop mediation in the form of 3D Virtual Museum of Cabula's historical Quilombo and its relations of black resistance, integrated to the proposal of mobilization of Community-based Tourism. It is an interdisciplinary research because it adds a) historiographical research based on the dimension of the public history with social approach; b) the contribution of community knowledge of people which resid in the localities that integrate the community-based tourism project; and c) Information and Communication Technology, represented by the virtual museum development proposal as a mediating element of knowledge. The methodology adopted was the Design Based Research (DBR), which is based on praxis, interdisciplinarity and problem solving. The results presented, such as cognitive design, modeling, museum development and application analysis, confirm the thesis proposal that the 3D virtual museum, anchored in principles of dialogism, socioconstrutivism and with a positioning of the applicability of history, helps to mediate the Knowledge among broader audiences and historical knowledge previously restricted to the academic community.

This case study examines a Philadelphia suburban school district, Lower Merion, and its failures to substantively integrate African-American students in the 21st century. Through a close analysis of the high school's basketball program, largely funded and popularized by Lower Merion alumnus Kobe Bryant, this case study exposes how extracurricular programs structure unequal expectations for African-American students in otherwise "excellent" public schools. By using oral history and local archival materials, Winning off the Court examines an all too common issue across modern American suburbia: public schools failing their minority populations while still purporting to be successful on a national scale.

Masters of Arts / District Six was a community that was forcibly removed from the centre of Cape Town after its demarcation as a white group area in 1966. In 1989, the District Six Museum Foundation was established in order to form a project that worked with the memory of District Six. Out of these origins, the District Six Museum emerged and was officially opened in 1994 with the Streets: Retracing District Six exhibition. The origin moments of the museum in the 1980s occurred at the same moment that the social history movement assumed prominence within a progressive South African historiography. With the success of Streets, the decision to ‘dig deeper’ into the social history of District Six culminated in the opening of the exhibition, Digging Deeper, in a renovated museum space in 2000. Oral history practice, as means of bringing to light the hidden and erased histories of the area, was embraced by the museum as an empowering methodology which would facilitate memory work around District Six. In tracing the evolution of an oral history practice in the museum, this study aims to understand how the poetics involved in the practices of representation and display impacted on the oral histories that were displayed in Digging Deeper. It also considers how the engagement with the archaeological discipline, during the curation of the Horstley Street display as part of Streets, impacted on how oral histories were displayed in the museum. / South Africa

The process of local preservation, urban renewal, and national park building at Roger Williams National Memorial in Providence, Rhode Island, reveals important facets of the urban park idea. In 1958, the Providence Preservation Society and the Providence City Plan Commission jointly released the College Hill Study, which called for renewal of the College Hill neighborhood through preservation of the architecturally significant homes, selective demolition, and the creation of a new National Park Unit dedicated to Providence’s founder, Roger Williams. The new park, established in 1965, went through a lengthy planning process before opening in 1984. The planning process revealed concerns about determining historical authenticity, supporting the revitalized historic district of College Hill, and preventing the park from becoming a haven for undesirable people and activities. Since its opening, the park has grown into a mature green space which is an important part of the civic and cultural life of Providence. The success of this park in fulfilling the goals of its planners and continuing to provide a valued green space for residents demonstrates an achievement that has important implications for ongoing urban park building by the National Park Service.

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The study of material culture study has long been estranged from mainstream academic discourse often dismissed as the examination of pots and pans. Historians are beginning to realize that material culture and cultural reconstruction offer vital insights into the past. Building upon new developments, my project reconstructs the items painted by Joshua Reynolds in his famous painting of Lord Dunmore. This reconstruction allows for the efforts of unnamed tradesmen to be retraced, making a few people and their efforts which were lost to history known once again. By employing written documentation in tandem with extant artifacts, the project recreates every object in the portrait as it would have been done in the past. This study put to the test the benefit of material culture as an academic discipline. By employing an interdisciplinary approach, it allowed for new insights into the past by combining most notably experimental archeology, material culture studies, and academic history. The findings of this research provide insight into the effectiveness of the experiential analysis technique for the purpose of historical study and how it benefits not only current understanding of artifacts themselves but also fills gaps in the lives of those who created and used these items.

Appalachia, itself a difficult to resolutely define region, has undergone the economic forces of colonialism and industrializing capitalism which allow for an excellent case study to apply Gramsci’s theory of cultural hegemony. No American region’s national conception is likely to have been as varied and often misrepresented as that of Appalachia. From the Revolutionary American State’s invention of early white settlers as the virtuous yeoman of the Republic to the modern perception of Appalachia as backwards, conservative, and drug-addled, shifting national economic conditions resulted in a constant invention of Appalachia in congruence. Whenever the people residing in Appalachia, whether Black, white, or indigenous, either failed to represent or directly challenged the interests of empire or profit, ideas and perceptions of the region subsequently shifted accordingly. Utilizing secondary sources which have attempted to paint an overarching narrative of the region and primary sources recounting contemporary individuals’ views on said region’s people, the broad arc of cultural hegemony’s construction in Appalachia is traced in this thesis. From Thomas Jefferson’s invention of the virtuous and integral small land holding settlers in the region to Theodore Roosevelt’s shifting of national consciousness away from Appalachian settlers and into the proverbial international settler frontier, tracing the ideas of state leaders within the American Republic and profit-focused interests allows for a general timeline of social invention to be traced. The constructed timeline insinuates that one thing remained certain throughout Appalachian history: constantly changing perceptions of the region almost directly followed changing economic and political agendas. Further, after an exploration of how Black and white Appalachians indeed presented a counter-hegemonic movement necessarily connected with the rest of the nation in the form of the Mine Wars, Appalachia as a proverbial helpless region apart is argued to be ultimately a false conception. In response to this conclusion, a responsibility arises for those with the power of narrative and cultural production. Meaning, as academics or scholars, those Antonio Gramsci deemed the intellectual base of any given economic class, conscious counter-narrative production steeped in consciousness of exploitation and class antagonisms becomes objectively necessary. In fact, this work concludes, without an intellectual counter to dominant minority economic interests, social invention of often exploited regions will and do continue unabashed and unopposed.