Waste management is a growing concern in rapidly urbanizing developing countries and Haiti is noexception. Excessive amounts of improperly discharged waste endangers unique tropical environment, appears to bea reason of fast spread of epidemic diseases, increases risk of floods during the hurricane season and contributes toclimate change. Due to various historical, economic, natural and socio-political reasons, public sector of Haitianstate is not able to provide decent waste management service. Public-private partnerships are a highly-advocateddevelopmental tool for involvement of private sector in delivery of public service, relocation of stress fromgovernment budgets, privatization and decentralization. The study was conducted in order to suggest an option ofPublic-Private Partnership project that would suit the context of Haiti. In compliance with the principles ofsustainable development and in order to increase energy self-sufficiency, waste-to-energy approach is considered asa suitable option for waste management delivery. Public-Private Partnership is understood as a social system,models of partnership are created with the use of system theory approach. Theoretical base is complemented withthe concept of PPP and Waste Management Theory. This descriptive single case-study is a examining the choice oftechnology for energy recovery from waste, degree of privatization and general problematic issues that might occurduring the implementation of the project in the context of Haiti. Small-scale anaerobic digestion through concessioncontracting with service providers was picked up as the most favorable option after the analysis of surveys amongqualified experts, local citizens and literature review on the matter. It was also concluded that lack of publicmanagement capacity is a major obstacle for implementation of public-private partnership for waste management inthe context of Haiti.

This study investigates how Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) projects implemented through Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) impact on the roles, relationship, responsibilities and agendas of the involved actors – the private sector, civil society and the state – and whether these can lead to women’s empowerment and the capacity building of civil society in India, through a case study of the CSR projects of the Indian wind power company Suzlon. The empirical findings in terms of women’s empowerment lead us to conclude that although the first dimension of power, the ‘power over’, reflected in unequal gender structures, only has been addressed to a minor extent through Suzlon’s CSR projects, women’s ‘power to’, ‘power with’ and ‘power from within’ have been enhanced significantly, particularly through the projects specifically aimed to address women’s empowerment. Further, to adequately enhance women’s empowerment requires addressing gender structures and the gender sensitization of men, and not only the capacities of women. Suzlon has contributed to the capacity building of civil society – the NGOs implementing the CSR projects - in terms of enhancing project sustainability, promoting NGO ownership of projects, decreasing donor dependency and enforcing long-term strategies, while some other aspects of capacity building largely have remained unaddressed. Although the respective actors in the PPPs generally are positive of the collaborations, our findings indicate that the state partly withdraws from its responsibility to further development while the private sector increasingly takes on the same. The risk of corporate control of the civil society agenda associated with PPPs is not confirmed by our study although civil society tends to bear the highest costs in PPPs, in terms of credibility losses and insecurity concerning project terms and funding. The findings further confirm the importance of ‘critical cooperation’ and ‘complementary core competencies’ in PPPs.

Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka välfärdsmodellens förändring i form av privatisering genom kommunal upphandling och nya konstellationer av offentlig och privat verksamhet. Frågeställningarna besvaras utifrån en fallstudie gjord på den upphandlade ungdomsverksamheten Blå Huset i Tensta (Stockholm) och den metodologiska utgångspunkten bottnar i de kvalitativa sätten, mer specifikt Burawoys Extended Case Method. Genom att kombinera organisationsteoretiska begrepp och utgångspunkter med urbansociologiska perspektiv har resultatet fått ett djup och en bredd som visar på offentlig - privata partnerskaps relationers komplexitet vad gäller legitimitet och dess inverkan i den urbana kontexten. Resultatet visar på strategier som sammankopplar rationaliserande myter med kognitiva institutioner exempelvis i form av nyliberala initiativ inom den urbana kontexten. / The purpose of this paper was to get a deeper understanding of the transformations in the Swedish welfare model, which includes privatization through contracting out and new combinations of public and private actors. A case study was done on the youth centre Blå Huset in the suburb Tensta (Stockholm) using qualitative methods, and more specifically Burawoys Extended Case Method. Through combining organizational concepts with urban sociological perspectives the results showed both depth and width in illustrating the complexity of public - private partnerships in terms of legitimacy and effects on the urban context. The results showed strategies connecting rationalized myths with cognitive institutions such as neoliberal initiatives in the urban context.

BACKGROUND: Powerful public-private partnerships (PPPs) can only be established if the partners are able to deal with complexity. Such partnerships may serve to stimulate local community and economic development. Thus, it may maximise the effectiveness of local groups and resources in meeting the needs for rebuilding a community through a partnership representative of the public and private sectors. A problem that exists in South Africa, is the uneven distribution of population ratios dependent on public and private sector health care service delivery, in relation to the proportion of pharmaceutical service providers in the different sectors. OBJECTIVE: The main objectives of this qualitative research investigation were to examine the prospects for PPP development in the pharmaceutical sector of South Africa as well as to explore the possibilities of a proposition for a proposed generic public-private partnership model to be managed and used in the pharmaceutical sector of South Africa. METHOD: The study comprises of the exploration of the research questions by means of a qualitative research design. The study design implicated a balance between the in-depth literature study and a qualitative research process. The researcher employed a grounded theory approach to collect and analyse the data. Data collection represented the identifiable role players and opinion formulators in the South African health care sector. By following a combination of the various qualitative sampling methods and techniques, a total of 38 (n=38) interviews were conducted. The data collected from the interviewees and from the literature study were integrated and analysed by making use of computer assisted data analysis. SETTING: The researcher selected interviewees from the South African health care sector. The interviews included role players in the pharmaceutical sector in both the public and private sectors. The interviewees further represented eight different spheres of the pharmaceutical setting in South Africa. KEY FINDINGS: The investigation identified a range of prospects for PPP development in South Africa and these were reported in terms of views, expectations and scope for success. The management elements for developing and sustaining joint ventures between the public and private sectors were identified and a proposition was formulated in theory to serve as a proposed generic PPP model (PGM) in the pharmaceutical sector for the South African health care milieu. CONCLUSION The exploratory qualitative investigation surfaced the various facets of the complexity of PPPs. The investigation concluded that several barriers, such as competition and market entry disparities between the macro and micro level pharmaceutical entities, which impede PPP development, affected the prospects for PPP development in South Africa. The South African legislation, South African Treasury guidelines, regulations and the views of the SA Competition Commission need transformation to accommodate both the micro and macro level pharmaceutical service providers in the formation of PPPs. Capacity building within the sphere of pharmaceutical service delivery to the bigger population of South Africa may become sustainable on removal of these barriers. A series of recommendations were presented and several critical issues in need of supplementary research, have been identified. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Pharmacy Practice))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

While the outright privatization of water services has declined globally, it has been replaced with public-private partnerships (P3s) in the government procurement and delivery of water services, and increasingly at the local level. This research finds that such initiatives are on the rise in Canada, and considering the overall record of failure that has amounted from varied types of water privatization thus far, it seeks to analyze this expanding waterscape from a critical perspective. More specifically, by historically situating the privatization of Canadian municipal water in a political-economic context that identifies its relation to contemporary (neoliberal) capitalism, this research examines how the focused state commitment to water P3s is indicative of the processes of neoliberalization. I argue that regulatory and budgetary changes since the economic crisis of 2008 have formed an institutionalized policy apparatus that essentially forces needy municipalities into long-term contracts with private firms, therefore establishing sustained sites for capital accumulation. This thesis concludes with a discussion concerning the implications that such a “partnership” will have for municipal autonomy, organized labour, and the environment, particularly in light of the intensifying state focus on international free trade. / Graduate / 0626 / 0629

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O papel do Estado ao longo do Historia foi bem diversificado, ora com um caráter interventor, e ora com uma postura de regular o mínimo necessário. Esta última postura, proporcionou grandes déficit no setor de infraestrutura, desequilíbrios sociais, favelização, loteamentos irregulares e a não efetivação do direito à moradia. Deste modo, o Estado precisou ampliar a sua atuação na regularização do solo, visando uma regularização fundiária plena que incluiria desde a instalação da urbanização e infraestrutura adequada à concessão de títulos reconhecendo a posse e/ou propriedade do indivíduo. Suprir a carência de infraestrutura, urbanização e organização do solo que se acumularam nas últimas décadas, esbarra na falência fiscal do Estado Brasileiro, que precisa tomar para si a responsabilidade da regularização, mas, principalmente buscar parcerias com o setor privado. A atuação das organizações sociais, das organizações da sociedade civil de interesse público e as parcerias público-privadas precisam ser ampliadas na efetivação da regularização fundiária. Necessário se faz que o investimento não seja exclusivamente público, possibilitando conceder ao parceiro privado, através da utilização de certos instrumentos jurídicos do próprio Estatuto da Cidade como uma contraprestação interessante a este parceiro. Somente vivenciando uma interpretação e aplicação conjunta dos instrumentos jurídicos à disposição do Estado aliado a vontade política, que poderá ser garantido o desenvolvimento prometido à população brasileira e a efetivação do direito constitucional à moradia. / The role of the state throughout the history was very diverse, sometimes with an intervening trend, and sometimes with a will to regulate the minimum necessary. The latter approach, fedback huge deficits in the infrastructure sector, social imbalances, slums, subdivisions and non realization of housing rights. Thus, the state needed to expand its participation in the settlement of the soil to a full regularization since that would include the installation of urbanization and infrastructure appropriate to the granting of property papers recognizing the possession and / or the individual property. Addressing the lack of infrastructure, urbanization and organization of the soil that have accumulated in recent decades, is barred by the failure of the Brazilian tax, which must take upon itself the responsibility of the settlement, but mainly to seek partnerships with the private sector. The role of social organizations of civil society organizations in the public interest and public-private partnerships need to be broadened in the effectiveness of regularization. Investment shold not be only public, enabling grant to the private partner, through the use of certain legal instruments of the Statute of the City itself as a form of consideration to this interesting partner. Only experimenting a combined interpretation and application of legal instruments available to the State together with a political will, which may be secured to the Brazilian population the promised development and realization of the constitutional right to housing.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O papel do Estado ao longo do Historia foi bem diversificado, ora com um caráter interventor, e ora com uma postura de regular o mínimo necessário. Esta última postura, proporcionou grandes déficit no setor de infraestrutura, desequilíbrios sociais, favelização, loteamentos irregulares e a não efetivação do direito à moradia. Deste modo, o Estado precisou ampliar a sua atuação na regularização do solo, visando uma regularização fundiária plena que incluiria desde a instalação da urbanização e infraestrutura adequada à concessão de títulos reconhecendo a posse e/ou propriedade do indivíduo. Suprir a carência de infraestrutura, urbanização e organização do solo que se acumularam nas últimas décadas, esbarra na falência fiscal do Estado Brasileiro, que precisa tomar para si a responsabilidade da regularização, mas, principalmente buscar parcerias com o setor privado. A atuação das organizações sociais, das organizações da sociedade civil de interesse público e as parcerias público-privadas precisam ser ampliadas na efetivação da regularização fundiária. Necessário se faz que o investimento não seja exclusivamente público, possibilitando conceder ao parceiro privado, através da utilização de certos instrumentos jurídicos do próprio Estatuto da Cidade como uma contraprestação interessante a este parceiro. Somente vivenciando uma interpretação e aplicação conjunta dos instrumentos jurídicos à disposição do Estado aliado a vontade política, que poderá ser garantido o desenvolvimento prometido à população brasileira e a efetivação do direito constitucional à moradia. / The role of the state throughout the history was very diverse, sometimes with an intervening trend, and sometimes with a will to regulate the minimum necessary. The latter approach, fedback huge deficits in the infrastructure sector, social imbalances, slums, subdivisions and non realization of housing rights. Thus, the state needed to expand its participation in the settlement of the soil to a full regularization since that would include the installation of urbanization and infrastructure appropriate to the granting of property papers recognizing the possession and / or the individual property. Addressing the lack of infrastructure, urbanization and organization of the soil that have accumulated in recent decades, is barred by the failure of the Brazilian tax, which must take upon itself the responsibility of the settlement, but mainly to seek partnerships with the private sector. The role of social organizations of civil society organizations in the public interest and public-private partnerships need to be broadened in the effectiveness of regularization. Investment shold not be only public, enabling grant to the private partner, through the use of certain legal instruments of the Statute of the City itself as a form of consideration to this interesting partner. Only experimenting a combined interpretation and application of legal instruments available to the State together with a political will, which may be secured to the Brazilian population the promised development and realization of the constitutional right to housing.

abstract: Fruit and vegetable consumption among school children falls short of current recommendations. The development of Public-Private Partnerships (PPP), which combine the resources of government entities with the resources of private entities, such as businesses or not-for-profit agencies, has been suggested as an effective approach to address a number of public health concerns, including inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption. The United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program (FFVP) provides fruits and vegetables as snacks at least twice per week in low-income elementary schools. In addition to increasing fruit and vegetable consumption behaviors at school, children participating in the FFVP have been found to make more requests for fruits and vegetables in grocery stores and at home, suggesting the impact of the program extends beyond school settings. The purpose of this multicase study was to describe key stakeholders' perceptions about creating PPPs between schools and nearby retailers to cross-promote fruits and vegetables in low-income communities, using the FFVP. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants from three cases groups: grocery store/produce managers (n=10), district FFVP personnel (n=5) and school FFVP personnel (n=12). Data were analyzed using a directed content analysis approach using constructs from the Health Belief Model, including benefits, barriers, strategies, and motivation. While findings varied by case group, key benefits of creating a PPP included the potential to increase store sales, to enhance public relations with the community, and to extend the impact of the FFVP to settings outside of schools. Barriers included offering expensive produce through the FFVP, time/labor-associated costs, and needing approval from authorities and supervisors. Strategies for developing a PPP included using seasonal produce and having clear instructions for teachers and staff. Stakeholders reported being motivated to create a PPP by the potential to improve health outcomes in children and by wanting to help the community. Both objective and subjective measures were suggested to measure the success of such a partnership. Finally, the educational component of the USDA's Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP-Ed) has the potential to serve as a catalyst for organizing a PPP between FFVP-participating schools and nearby grocery stores. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Nutrition 2017

abstract: Cross-sector interactions are regularly seen in healthcare, education, defense, public safety, and other social service contexts where the public interest and the private individual intersect. While interest in cross-sector relationships is neither new nor novel, the organizational dynamics and contexts continue to change and challenge our understanding of what is meant by partnership, alliance, collaboration, or cooperation between independent organizations from different sectors. One type of cooperative arrangement between nonprofits and government are affiliated foundations, which are part of the landscape of emerging organizational hybrids and expanding government-nonprofit relationships. Affiliated foundations are nonprofits designed to support a specific entity by generating charitable resources. This dissertation looks at one specific context for affiliated foundation/ "parent" relationships through a multi-case study of local educations in Florida. Specifically, this research examines how local education foundations carry out a partnering relationship with the school district. Through a combination of three instrumental case studies of local education foundations, and fifteen other purposely selected foundations, this dissertation presents the results of a cross-case analysis of the partnership between local education foundations and school districts. Partnership is conceptualized across four dimensions: 1) attention, 2) successive engagement, 3) resource infusion, and 4) positional identity. This research reveals that through the four dimensions of partnership, we can account for the variation across embedded, interdependent, or independent local education foundations in relation to the school district, or their "parent" organization. As a result, local education foundations reflect different relationships with school districts, which ultimately impacts their ability to carry out their work as charitable organizations, derived from the community in which they operate, and designed to generate resources and support for public education. By looking at this specific context, we can consider the complexities of an affiliated relationship between two structurally separate but linked organizations assumed to act as partners, but working to achieve a partnership. Where cooperation, collaboration, and innovation are intended outcomes of affiliated foundation/government relationships, this research considers the role of affiliated foundations among more traditional cross-sector relationships where services and contracts tend to dominate. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Public Administration 2014

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar o Programa de Atendimento Especial à Educação Infantil (PAEEI) instituído no município de Campinas-SP a partir de 2007, com a criação dos CEIs Naves-Mães. Essas unidades educacionais pertencem à Secretaria Municipal de Educação, mas a sua gestão é realizada por instituições privadas sem fins lucrativos a partir de parcerias instituídas com o poder público municipal. Desde que o Programa foi lançado, a utilização do convênio como instrumento jurídico utilizado para a transferência de recursos às organizações da sociedade civil sem fins lucrativos tem sido a principal opção dos dirigentes locais para a ampliação do atendimento às crianças de zero a 5 anos. Procuramos compreender as características e as consequências do Programa para a oferta da educação infantil no município, à luz das recentes transformações no papel do Estado num contexto de ajustes neoliberais e utilizando-se da Terceira Via. Para subsidiar essa análise, além do levantamento teórico concernente ao tema da pesquisa, realizamos análise documental e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Concluímos, entre outras coisas, que, intrínseco ao processo de privatização da educação infantil em Campinas, estão os baixos salários pagos aos profissionais que atuam nos CEIs Naves-Mães, as salas superlotadas e, principalmente, o interesse de algumas instituições em firmarem parceria com a PMC. / This study is an attempt to investigate the Special Childhood Education Program (Programa de Atendimento Especial à Educação Infantil (PAEEI)) implemented in the municipality of Campinas-SP, Brazil, starting in 2007, through the creation of CEIs Motherships (CEIs Naves-mães). These educational units belong to the local educational authority (SME), but are managed by non-profit private institutions through partnerships developed in conjunction with the municipality. Since its inception, its utilization as a legal instrument used towards the transfer of resources to non-profit entities of civil society has been the main option available to local managers to amplify service to children ages 0 to 5. We seek to understand the characteristics and consequences of the Program to the offering of childhood education in the municipality, in light of the recent transformations in the role of the state in a context of neoliberal adjustments and reliance on the Third Sector. To substantiate our analysis, in addition to doing a literature review on the subject at hand, we have conducted documental analyses and semi-structured interviews. We find that the low wages paid to the professionals who work at the CEIs Motherships, the overcrowded classrooms, and, mainly, the interest of certain institutions in developing partnerships with the Campinas City Hall, among other things, are intrinsically related to the process of privatization of childhood education in the municipality of Campinas.