Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University / Problem and Limitation. Our society has become increasingly alarmed with what is apparently a weakening of ethical conduct. This result has at least been coincidental with a failure to recognize the significance of religion for daily life. Tbe public school, by its limited handling of religion, has contributed to this situation. Among the various proposals for remedying the condition, while maintaining the American principle of separation of Church and State, teaching about religion is held in high regard. Although there have been several studies advocating teaching about religion in public education, it remained to be seen whether or not a suitable teacher guide could be prepared for this purpose. The need of such a guide has called into being this work. The study under consideration has been curtailed by: (1) other works in the field, (2) limitation of the areas of study, (3) limitation of syllabi, and (4) careful selection of bibliographical entries. Procedure. The body of this study, eliminating the introductory and concluding chapters, may be divided into two sections of three chapters each. The first section lays the context out of which the teacher's guide is developed in the next three chapters. These contextual chapters consist of a historical evaluation of the development of religious liberty, and the public school system, and a description of the various proposals for solving the present difficulty. Those three chapters which make up the teacher's guide deal with criteria for the selection and use of material, creating and maintaining a favorable atmosphere, and a selected syllabus for teaching about religion in American History on the Senior High School level. The first two of these subjects provide a general guide, and the last a specific aid for a given course and age group. The criteria for selection and use of material were developed by the writer, with motivation supplied by a variety of works. These were refined by consultation with the 1954 Seminar in Religion and Public Education at Boston University. Materials for the chapter on creating and maintaining a favorable atmosphere were drawn primarily from (1) group dynamic studies, and (2) inter-cultural works. In this case, as with the chapter on criteria, hypothetical instances were used to illustrate and sharpen the issues involved. The selected syllabus was geared to David Muzzey's widely used text, A History of Our Country. The content of this specific guide was affected by the critical appraisal of Dr. Charles Peltier and certain of his colleagues of the history department of Newton High School (Newton, Massachusetts). However, this should not be construed to mean an endorsement by the staff. Findings and Recommendations. The contextual chapter's have yielded the following conclusions: 1. The United States is deeply rooted in religion in general, and the Hebrew-Christian tradition in particular. It is equally committed to the ideal of freedom of religion, a position not maant to repudiate its religious foundations. 2. Earlier mistrust and controversy which helped usher secularism into the schools, seems to be giving way to a more favorable attitude conducive to increased experimentation in finding a more important role for religion in public education. 3. The approaches for bettering the present educational situation may be divided into those (1) outside, and (2) inside the school system. The proposals outside of the public schools are (1) improving education in the church and home, (2) marginal time education, (3) released time education, and (4) sectarian schools for instruction. The proposals inside the public schools are the (1) common core approach, (2) teaching of moral and spiritual values, (3) use of religious exercises and observances, and (4) teaching about religion approach. 4. That teaching about religion is a live option can be seen from other studies in the field, and the evaluative historical chapter on the development of religious liberty and the public school system. 5. Those who advocate teaching about religion recommend that it be done either (1) in context, or (2) by way of special units. Only the former proposal can break down the illusory dastinction between religious and secular. 6. Religious subject matter appears to have been lacking in the schools, except where teachers have been particularly concerned about and adept at providing for this lack. In any case, the teacher is the key to the success of this approach, and must be properly equipped for the task. 7. The community approach has been advocated as the best way of securing the goals set forth, and in maintaining the relations necessary for the program's continuance. The following findings are drawn from the three chapters constituting a teacher's guide: 1. Six criteria of complex character have been presented, and illustrated by appropriate hypothetical cases. They are (1) student relevance, (2) intelligent understanding, (3) integration, (4) preparation for choice, (5) variety, and (6) community awareness. "Student relevance" means that the material selected must have pertinence for the pupil; his maturity, needs and interest, and training in and for life. "Intelligent understanding" indicates that the material must aid the student in better understanding the subject matter and himself. "Integration" points out the role of religious material in unifying the varied elements in the subject matter and the self. "Preparation for choice" recognizes that life choices are made, and seeks to allow freedom in, show the importance of, and accept as of worth the pupil's religious decisions. "Variety" as a criterion is valid as it reflects upon subject matter and method. "Community awareness" signifies the recognition of one's debt to and responsibility for the community of which he is a part. In the context of this study, the religious community is particularly in view. These criteria are significant whenever relevant to a given area of study, but are contingent on the actual teaching situation. 2. Group-dynamic insights will help provide and maintain a conducive atmosphere for this study. The diverse religious convictions of the pupils can be protected by a democratic process of preparing, sharing, acting, and evaluating together. 3. The teacher must set the example in good personal relations. He must function as a (1) person, (2) learner, (3) research person, and (4) leader. 4. Careful effort must be maintained to guard against emotionally strained situations. Methods of control include prevention, suppression, exhortation, diversion, exemplification, mediation, consideration, consolidation, and visualization. The best of these methods is prevention, but a combination of effective means can be employed. Lines of communication must be kept open between all those affected by the proposal. 5. The history of the United States is rich with materials for teaching about religion, as well as weighted with explosive issues. Religious subject matter must be presented in context, with the objectivity demanded in any other realm of study. 6. History in general, and religion in particular have relevance for daily life. Students should be aware of religious alternatives, with the understanding that decision is their prerogative and that of their religious affiliation. Among the areas demanding further study are the following recommendations: 1. There is a need for extensive work in the realm of semantics. Much misunderstanding is due to lack of clarity at this point. 2. What is the role of the school in religious counseling? It cannot expect to deal with life issues without soon confronting religion in one form or another. 3. The preparation of pamphlets on religious themes and movements, would be most helpful. There is a dearth of religious material suitable for school purposes. 4. Public school text books should be written which will adequately deal with religious factors. 5. Until such books are provided, a multiplication of adequate syllabi is called for. 6. Attempts to deal with religious preparation on the teacher college level is needed. The new Danforth Foundation study is in the spirit of this recommendation. 7. The proposal to teach about religion would benefit from the experience of experimental pioneer communities. This would permit the principles to be put to work, and allow for evaluation. 8. There is need for experimentation with controlled classes dealing with religious themes. This would help clarify the problem of tension control. 9. How can the teacher measure the effectiveness of his efforts? It would be profitable to ascertain effective means of testing.

Esse trabalho é uma pesquisa da produção arquitetônica do Fundo Estadual de Construções Escolares - Fece, o primeiro órgão do governo do Estado de São Paulo a ter como única atribuição planejar, projetar, construir, ampliar e manter a rede pública estadual de ensino. Foi o pioneiro no Brasil e na América Latina a ter essa incumbência. O estudo identificou cerca de 900 novos edifícios escolares construídos pelo Fece em seus 10 anos de atividade, entre 1966 e 1976, quando foi substituído pela Companhia de Construções Escolares do Estado de São Paulo - Conesp. O objetivo desse trabalho é investigar o que a arquitetura pública paulista produziu nesse período, e até mesmo a arquitetura paulista de forma geral, uma vez que suas histórias se confundem ao longo do tempo. Cerca de 230 arquitetos elaboraram projetos para o Fece. Selecionamos 15 edifícios escolares como representativos dessa produção, de autoria de Abrahão Sanovicz, Décio Tozzi, Eduardo Corona, Francisco Petracco, João Baptista A. Xavier, Luiz Carlos Costa e Francisco Crestana como colaborador, João Clodomiro B. de Abreu, João Walter Toscano, Júlio Roberto Katinsky, Júlio Teruo Yamazaki, escritório Rino Levi, Ruy Othake, Sérgio Ferro, Rodrigo Léfèvre e Flávio Império. O período é caracterizado por uma grande explosão de demanda de vagas na área educacional e é o momento da ampliação da rede física de ensino em larga escala. Até 1965, existiam aproximadamente 2.260 edifícios escolares. Em apenas 10 anos foram construídos pelo Fece o equivalente a aproximadamente 40% do que havia sido construído nos 75 anos anteriores, desde o início da República. Pelo que pudemos observar, essa produção com tamanhas proporções foi permeada por questões econômicas, visando construir o maior número de edifícios possível. Tais parâmetros estão expressos nas Normas Fece Para Elaboração de Projetos de Arquitetura Escolar. Nos 15 projetos selecionados constatamos que a resposta dos arquitetos paulistas face a esse desafio é excelente. Com recursos espaciais, construtivos e plásticos muitas vezes extremamente simples e de baixo custo, projetaram edifícios que surpreendem tanto espacialmente como também pelo aspecto plástico e volumétrico. Esperamos com esse trabalho contribuir para que tantas outras análises sejam feitas a partir do levantamento documental dessa produção. / This work is a research on the architectural production of the State Fund for School Buildings- FECE, the first government agency in the state of São Paulo to have as its only commission to plan, to design, to build, to enlarge and to maintain the state public education network. It was the pioneer agency in Brazil and in Latin America tobe entrusted withthis assignment. The study identified around 900 new school buildings constructed by FECE in its 10 years of activity, between 1966 and 1976, when it was replaced by the State Company of School Buildings in the State of São Paulo (CONESP). This work aims at investigating what the public architecture in São Paulo has produced in this period, and even further, what the architecture in São Paulo brought forth in general, once their stories are interwoven along time. Around 230 architects produced designs for FECE. Fifteen (15) school buildings were selected as portraying this production, designed by AbrahãoSanovicz, DécioTozzi, Eduardo Corona, Francisco Petracco, JoãoBaptista A. Xavier, Luis Carlos Costa and Francisco Crestana as collaborator, JoãoClodomiro B. de Abreu, João Walter Toscano, Júlio Roberto Katinsky, JúlioTeruo Yamazaki, Rino Levi´s office, RuyOthake, Sérgio Ferro, Rodrigo Léfèvre and FlávioImpério. The period is characterized by a great explosion in demand for places in the educational field and this is the moment of large scale physical expansion of education network. Up to 1965 there were about 2.260 school buildings. In only 10 years FECE built an amount corresponding to approximately 40% of what had been built in the preceding 75 years, since the beginning of the Republic. As far as we could notice, such an extensive production was permeated by economic issues, aiming at building the largest number of buildings as possible. Such parameters are comprised in FECE Rules for the Production of School Building Designs. In the 15 designs selected, the answer of the architects in São Paulo in coping with this challengeproved to be excellent. Making use of spatial, constructive and plastic resources, which many times were extremely simple and economical, they designed buildings which strike onenot only in terms of space but also as regards plasticity and volume. This work attempts to further many other analyses which might benefit from the documental survey presented in this research.

Orientador: Carlos Eduardo de Abreu Boucault / Resumo: O presente trabalho destina-se analisar os fundamentos que conduziram à improcedência por maioria de votos da Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade nº 4.439, que trata do ensino religioso confessional nas escolas públicas. Para alcançar esse desiderato, é importante reconstruir historicamente os elementos que compõe a Religião, partindo-se de uma formulação fenomenológica presente nos estudos do historiador Mircea Eliade, por meio do binômio sagrado-profano, para então aplicar a lógica sistêmica da Teoria Pura do Direito de Hans Kelsen. A partir dessa conceituação, resgata-se a proposta da tolerância religiosa e na posterior concepção de Estado laico na teoria de poder constituinte de Sieyès e no Estado de Direito de Böckenförde, em uma ordem democrática, alcançando-se os elementos essenciais para analisar se determinado ato ou decisão potencialmente encontra-se ou não com a noção de Estado laico. Após, são realizados os caminhos políticos e constitucionais na História nacional que conduziram e construíram o Estado laico brasileiro, em perspectiva também do ensino religioso nas escolas públicas. Por fim, são analisados os argumentos apresentados no curso da Ação, bem como os fundamentos apresentados pelos Ministros, contrastando-se com as ponderações então articuladas nos capítulos anteriores. / Abstract: This present work aims to analyze the reasons that led to the denial by majority of the Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade nº 4.439, which deals with confessional religious education in public schools. In order to fulfill this, it is important to rebuild the historical elements which raises the Religion, beginning with a phenomenological formulation presented in historian Mircea Eliade’s studies, through the sacred-profane binomial, then applying the systemic logic of Hans Kelsen’s Pure Theory of Right. After that, it is retrieved the proposal of religious tolerance and its later the conception in the Secular State, thinking of the theory of constituent power of Sieyès and of the State of Right of Böckenförde to create a democratic order. This produces the essential elements to analyze if an act or a decision potentially touch the notion of Secular State. Then, this dissertation shows the political and constitutional history that built the Brazilian secular state, in perspective also of the religious education in the public schools. Finally, the arguments raised during the Supreme Court Action are analyzed, as well as the reasons used by the Ministers, contrasting with the considerations articulated in the previous chapters. / Mestre

Public school teachers face a great amount of stress, and that stress may lead to other adverse health outcomes. This study examined elementary public school teachers' stress levels before and after the use of guided imagery relaxation. Guided by the transactional model of stress and coping as the theoretical framework, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the use of guided imagery as an effective technique in the stress reduction of elementary public school teachers, thus enhancing the learning experience of students and creating healthier public school teachers. Eighty-one teachers (71 women, 10 men) participated in this study by completing the Classroom Appraisal of Resources and Demands Inventory Elementary Version. Several variables were examined including gender, years of experience, and adverse health as related to stress experiences. A repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that guided imagery relaxation was statistically significant in reducing stress levels of public school teachers. These results have implications for positive social change by illuminating the utility of a stress-reduction technique for public school teachers. School administrators and educators may find these results useful in their work to retain talented teachers.

Several aspects of natural-resources education were explored in this study. First, a statewide survey of science, social studies, and elementary teachers was conducted to determine the current form and extent of natural-resources education in Utah. Returns were received from 51% of the surveyed teachers. The percent of time devoted to natural resources, the factors affecting natural-resources instruction, and the need to improve that instruction were assessed. Utilizing that information, the Natural-Resources Curriculum Framework was developed. The Framework is designed to provide educators with the essential concepts to be included in a comprehensive natural-resources program. Finally, examples of classroom support materials were created as extensions of the Framework. These materials, specifically designed for geography teachers, cover a wide variety of concepts involving natural resources.

Children with social skills deficits in verbal and nonverbal communication can face a variety of social challenges in many aspects of their lives. Given the increasing social needs of many students in today's classrooms, there is a need for increased social skills instruction and support in public schools. Inclusion opportunities in public schools can have a positive impact on the development of social skills and can increase peer understanding and empathy for students with special needs. Although there is research in the area of inclusion and its benefits, there is little known about the impact of the instructional setting on the ability of children to generalize social skills to other school settings. Based on social development theory and social learning theory, this quantitative study used secondary data (N = 129) from 2 primary schools in Connecticut to determine whether elementary age children are more likely to generalize social skills if they are taught social skills in the general education classroom setting compared to those who are taught social skills in the resource room setting or receive no instruction in social skills controlling for natural social skills growth. The result of an ANCOVA revealed that children who were taught social skills in the general education setting were more likely to generalize social skills across settings. The results of this study contribute to positive social change by helping inform school administrators and teachers about how to best support children with social deficits in reaching their academic and social potential. The findings may also help to create an environment that is more accepting of the varying needs of students and as a result can help to create a positive school climate and increase acceptance and friendships among elementary age students that can last into adulthood.

Thesis (M.A.)--California State University Channel Islands, 2007. / Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts in Education. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed August 29, 2008).

Thesis (M.A.)--California State University Channel Islands, 2007. / Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts in Education. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed August 31, 2008).

ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the years 1980-2000 as a sociologically transformative period in Boston's history. The guiding research question is how organized politics and the policies that emerged responded to racial conflict, inequality and economic development, and wholesale change in the city's economic base during this period. The policies of the three governing regimes--the end of Kevin H. White's sixteen-year term, Raymond L. Flynn's nine years in office, and the beginning of Thomas M. Menino's twenty-year mayoralty--are analyzed in the content of these domains to identify the outcomes of several policy agendas that have helped shape life in Boston today. This analysis is in the context of urbanization and urbanism, viewed through the lenses of urban regime, growth machine coalition, progressive city, and government communalism theories. The study utilizes retrospective autoethnography linked with interviews and archival data research. The study found that during the end of the mayoral administration of Kevin White, Boston was in turmoil politically and racially. Political contests centered on growing poverty and inequality and racial unrest in the city. The election of 1983 was a "critical election" both because an African American was in the final runoff and because the two finalists repudiated the growth machine coalition and the racial politics of the past. Flynn's election began the populist transformation of economic policies in Boston to heal racial divisions. After he resigned to become Ambassador to the Vatican, the urban regime of Thomas Menino left intact many of the redistributive policies Flynn enacted; however, it also gradually returned to the growth machine coalition model of economic development, fueling the greatest class and income inequality in Boston's history. In the final analysis, both the policies of each urban regime and the activities of the religious, cultural, business, and neighborhood organizations that comprise city life changed the city in sociologically significant ways. This is the story of Boston 1980-2000, the role of its three mayors during that period, and how the city entered the twenty-first century with its physical decline in part reversed but with issues of race and class remaining significant touchstones.

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-29T18:09:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Mara Schwingel parte 2.pdf: 5672159 bytes, checksum: d5aad663656c99205e666549a2c73cec (MD5) Mara Schwingel parte 1.pdf: 2811263 bytes, checksum: 21749ffb0a77131cd01f98bd0b86aa64 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes(silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-05-03T18:49:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Mara Schwingel parte 2.pdf: 5672159 bytes, checksum: d5aad663656c99205e666549a2c73cec (MD5) Mara Schwingel parte 1.pdf: 2811263 bytes, checksum: 21749ffb0a77131cd01f98bd0b86aa64 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-03T18:49:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Mara Schwingel parte 2.pdf: 5672159 bytes, checksum: d5aad663656c99205e666549a2c73cec (MD5) Mara Schwingel parte 1.pdf: 2811263 bytes, checksum: 21749ffb0a77131cd01f98bd0b86aa64 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / A pesquisa analisou o exercício da autonomia e o processo participativo de uma escola pública de Ensino Fundamental de 1ª a 4ª série, da rede municipal de Salvador. Foram considerados os dispositivos legais vigentes, o envolvimento das comunidades escolar e local na tomada de decisões e o impacto no exercício da autonomia nos processos administrativo, pedagógico e financeiro. A abordagem metodológica adotada foi a qualitativa, na forma de Estudo de Caso, pela possibilidade da visão interpretativa, naturalista, na qual o foco de investigação foi a significação que os atores envolvidos atribuíram à participação, e à prática da autonomia. A pesquisa foi realizada no período de julho/04 a dezembro/06 e a análise dos dados evidenciou que há uma relativa autonomia e participação das comunidades escolar e local nos aspectos administrativo, pedagógico e financeiro da E. M. Girassol. Conclui-se, verificando que é muito importante que sejam criadas oportunidades para que as comunidades escolar e local aprendam a exercer a autonomia e a participarem das decisões da unidade escolar, tendo em vista não só os aspectos legais, mas considerando também o referencial teórico, a experiência da participação e o exercício da autonomia. / Salvador