A presente dissertação tem como escopo principal a análise da figura do terceiro, sua relação com o agente público para a caracterização do ato de improbidade e as cominações daí advindas, servindo como referência principal a Lei nº 8.429/92. O estudo parte da contextualização e definição de improbidade administrativa, visto que a norma é silente sobre a matéria, valendo-se o autor da doutrina e da racionalidade sistemática proposta pela citada lei para tal mister. Superada essa fase introdutória, os capítulos seguem praticamente a ordem cronológica disposta na regra, ou seja, são analisados: (i) os sujeitos passivo e ativo do ato de improbidade administrativa, dando-se especial atenção aos terceiros, (ii) os atos tipificados como ímprobos e suas especificidades, (iii) a obrigatoriedade do ressarcimento do dano ao patrimônio público e a perda dos valores percebidos em decorrência de enriquecimento ilícito, pontuadas, aqui, as medidas de indisponibilidade e seqüestro de bens, (iv) as sanções aplicáveis e (v) a prescrição das ações destinadas a levar a efeito as medidas repressivas. Com o objetivo de aprofundar o estudo e dar suporte aos temas intrínsecos de cada ponto acima delineado, foram abordados em capítulos próprios (i) a problemática da causalidade adequada, segregando a mera irregularidade da improbidade, (ii) o elemento subjetivo caracterizador do ato de improbidade administrativa e (iii) o litisconsórcio existente entre o agente público e o terceiro. Para todas as questões postas, além da doutrina e do texto legal, a jurisprudência serviu de importante ferramenta, sobretudo, nos temas mais intrincados. / The main objective of this dissertation is to analyze the relationship between public agent and a third party, especially when defining an act of improbity and its comminations, using law number 8.429/92 as main reference. This study initially sets a context and a definition of administrative improbity since the norm is silent on this matter. The author uses the above mentioned laws systematic rationality and doctrine. Going forward, the chapters practically follow the same order as in the rule, analyzing (i) passive and active roles in an act of administrative improbity, with emphasis on the third party, (ii) definition of improbity and its specifications, (iii) mandatory indemnity to public property and the loss of perceived value due to illicit enrichment, including measures of unavailability and sequestration of assets, (iv) applicable sanctions and (v) prescription of actions destined to enforce corrective measures. Aiming to deepen the understanding of the issues above, specific chapters were dedicated to (i) the problem of adequate causality, differentiating irregularity from improbity, (ii) subjective elements to administrative improbity and (iii) the union between public agent and a third party. For all these questions, jurisprudence was a valuable tool to complement legal texts and doctrine, above all in the most complicated subjects.

Submitted by Rafael Santana (rafael.silvasantana@ufpe.br) on 2017-07-25T17:49:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação_Leonardo Luizines_Versão impressa.pdf: 2212802 bytes, checksum: b1d563a51244bd0d0a657a93f3f8c3b5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-25T17:49:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação_Leonardo Luizines_Versão impressa.pdf: 2212802 bytes, checksum: b1d563a51244bd0d0a657a93f3f8c3b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-20 / Este trabalho teve o propósito de identificar as demandas ergonômicas de um setor de uma universidade pública federal, a fim de recomendar adequações para melhoria do ambiente laboral, procurando responder os questionamentos: quais são as deficiências ergonômicas do setor investigado? Quais as ações ergonômicas existentes na instituição e essas são eficientes? Que adequações podem ser propostas considerando suas limitações legais? Quais os problemas e constrangimentos que se evidenciam? É possível propor adequações ergonômicas que possam melhorar o ambiente laboral e a qualidade de vida do servidor no exercício de sua atividade produtiva? O objetivo geral foi identificar demandas e propor ações ergonômicas para o cumprimento das portarias e orientações normativas relacionadas à atenção à saúde do servidor público federal, com ênfase na Ergonomia a fim de recomendar adequações para o ambiente laboral nas atividades realizadas por servidores técnico-administrativos do Núcleo de Educação Física e Desportos da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. A pesquisa, do tipo exploratória e descritiva, foi baseada na Análise Macroergonômica do Trabalho – AMT, de abordagem participativa, e utilizou-se da técnica de análise de conteúdo como tratamento dos dados obtidos. As ferramentas utilizadas foram entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas, questionário adaptado do ICT - Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho e questionário NASA-TLX adaptado. Os resultados evidenciaram que existem problemas no ambiente laboral que estão afetando a saúde do servidor, provocando afastamentos, acidentes, aposentadorias precoces, além de deixar o ambiente laboral pernicioso. Também foi observado que a capacidade para o trabalho apresenta índices baixos e moderados gerando incapacidades laborativas a curto e médio prazo, e que a carga de trabalho encontrada foi elevada, sendo os principais fatores influenciadores nessa carga são a frustração e a demanda temporal. Identificamos através do levantamento legislativo que falta uma política pública que defina efetivamente a promoção de saúde, segurança no trabalho e assistência de saúde para o servidor público, estes que estão à margem da legislação de proteção e atenção a saúde do trabalhador. É necessário também que a instituição aprimore medidas e promova ações ergonômicas para elevar a qualidade da prestação dos serviços e prosperar a humanização do trabalho dos servidores públicos federais. / This study aimed to identify the ergonomic demands of a department of a federal public university in order to recommend adjustments to improve the work environment, seeking to answer the questions: What are the ergonomic shortcomings of the studied sector? What the ergonomic existing shares in the institution and are these efficient? What adjustments can be proposed considering its legal limitations? What problems and constraints that stand out? Is it possible to propose any ergonomic adjustments that can improve the working environment and the agent quality of life at work? The main objective was to identify demands and propose ergonomic actions to obey the healthcare ordinances and regulations towards the federal public agents, laying emphasis on Ergonomics in order to recommend adjustments to the working environment in the activities carried out by technical and administrative staff of Nucleus of Physical Education and Sports of the Federal University of Pernambuco. This research exploratory and descriptive was based on Macroergonomic Work Analysis – MWA and had a collaboration strategy and used the content analysis technique to process the data obtained. The tools used were semi-structured interviews, the questionnaire adapted from the CIW - Capacity Index for Work and the NASA-TLX adapted questionnaire. The results appointed that there are problems in the working environment that are affecting the public agent's health, causing absenteeism, accidents, early retirement, and leave harmful working environment. It was also noted that the ability to work have low and moderate causing incapacity for work in the short-medium term, besides the workload was on high level, and the main factors that influence this burden are the frustration and time demand. Also, it was identified through the legislative survey that lack a public policy that effectively set the promotion of health, safety, and healthcare for public agents, these who are out the protection legislation and attention to worker health. It’s also necessary that the institution enhance measures and promote ergonomic actions to improve the provide services quality and further the humanization of the work of federal public agents.

Ce sujet de recherche appelle à s’interroger sur le statut le plus approprié pour les agents contractuels au sein de l’administration publique et par là-même, sur le régime de l’emploi public à adopter afin de l’adapter aux missions d’une administration moderne. A ce titre, deux options sont possibles : d’une part, la généralisation du statut de fonctionnaire ou du contrat à tous les agents publics ; d’autre part, la coexistence du statut et du contrat sous la forme de deux régimes strictement distincts, ou la recherche d’une harmonisation croissante entre eux, en adaptant cette coexistence à des missions spécifiques ou en les attribuant de manière indifférenciée quels que soient les postes ou les métiers exercés. Il y aura lieu d’apprécier quelle modalité de lien unira le contractuel à la personne publique, mais aussi, le cas échéant, le fonctionnaire à cette même personne. Cette étude s’attache à apporter des réponses à ces sujets. La première partie vise à déterminer les règles applicables à l’agent contractuel. Il s’agit de mettre en évidence l’existence de cet agent public particulier, en montrant l’émergence de cette notion juridique marquée par la diversité des statuts puis d’analyser le régime des contractuels, tant dans ses modalités de recrutement que dans les règles d’évolution du contrat, ce qui permettra de faire apparaître l’esquisse d’une carrière. La seconde partie analyse l’hybridation du statut et du contrat, caractérisée par une harmonisation de la protection des contractuels et des titulaires en termes de convergence des droits et de sécurisation de l’emploi, ainsi que par la nouvelle gestion de l’emploi public qui affecte l’ensemble des agents publics, selon deux logiques concomitantes, managériale et contractuelle. Il est finalement observé que si le droit de la fonction publique peut et doit conserver certaines spécificités, il ne doit pas pour autant évoluer en marge, voire à contre courant des évolutions contemporaines affectant l’emploi salarié de droit commun. / This research consists in a study about the most appropriate status for civils servants and more generally, people who work for public utilities. It appears that it is a twofold question: first, it might be possible that every worker could have the same status created by a contract or an administrative decision. Secondly, an other system could be enacted, the coexistence of a special status for some of them, and a contract for the others. If this second option is chosen, the question is which kind of harmonisation between the status and the contract. The aim of this thesis is to answer to these questions. The first part is an analysis of the conditions of the work of the people who are linked by the public administration with a contract. They are called “contractuels”. The notion and its regime are analysed (especially, the condition of the recruitment and the career of these workers). The second part of the thesis consists in a larger study. Because of the logic of competition and performance, and under the influence of Europe, public utilities have changed. Their missions are different. So the status of the people who work for these services has changed too. This new status is a mix of contract and traditional administrative rule. A new kind of management and a new public law appear. The differences between civils servants are less and less important and, in the same way, their similarities with workers from the private sector are more important.

Le devoir de désobéissance de l'agent public est envisagé en tant qu'il constitue une obligation juridique, c'est-à-dire une «technique sociale» au service d'un certain nombre de choix politiques. La thèse propose de construire des instruments d'analyse susceptibles de produire une topographie générale de l'objet en droit et dans le discours sur le droit. Ils doivent permettre d'identifier et clarifier un certain nombre de questions soulevées par l'existence de ce type d'objet en droit positif, parfois obscurcies par les rapports souvent intuitifs qu'on l'imagine entretenir avec des questionnements moraux fondamentaux. Pour ce faire, le travail de recherche met précisément en œuvre une analyse des fonctions, des structures, et des critères de mise en œuvre de l'obligation en droit interne, en droit international pénal et dans les droits nationaux étrangers. L'étude fait alors apparaître la diversité des dispositifs existants, met au jour certaines dynamiques de la discussion doctrinale et contentieuse, et confirme en définitive l'impossibilité «d'essentialiser» l'objet. Elle permet d'envisager une proposition de modification des dispositifs existants en droit interne. / The duty of disobedience of the public official is envisaged as constituting a legal obligation, that is, as a "social technique" serving a number of policy choices. The thesis proposes to build analytical tools that can produce a general topography of the object in la and in the discourse on the law. It must identify and clarify a number of issues raised by the existence of this type of object in positive law sometimes obscured by the intuitive relationships that we imagine it has with fundamental moral questions. To do this, the research thesis specifically implements an analysis of the functions, structures, and criteria for implementing the obligation in domestic law, international criminal law and foreign national law. The study then shows the diversity of existing obligations, reveals certain dynamics of the doctrinal and contentious debate, and finally confirms the impossibility of "essentializing" the object. It makes it possible to envisage a proposal for modification of the existing systems in domestic law.

L’objet de cette thèse est une comparaison entre les dispositifs de gestion du personnel des administrations publiques françaises et italiennes, afin d’explorer leur efficacité et d’identifier les principaux problèmes qui émergent à la suite de leur application. La loi italienne assimile le dirigeant à l’employeur privé. Il est donc le titulaire formel et substantiel des prérogatives de l’employeur public. En ce qui concerne les relations de travail, à l’exception de normes spéciales de droit public qui sont à l’intérieur du Texte unique de l’emploi public, le législateur renvoie à la négociation collective et aux mêmes règles qui régissent la relation de travail au sein de l’entreprise privée. Dans la fonction publique française le droit du travail est inapplicable . Toutefois, on remarque l’influence réciproque de celui-ci et du droit de la fonction publique. Il n’y a pas de place pour la négociation : le fonctionnaire doit accepter le régime juridique imposé par l’employeur public. En dépit des apparences et malgré deux différents régimes juridiques, les deux systèmes en évoluant montrent toujours davantage de ressemblances, notamment en ce qui concerne les outils de gestion du personnel, le recours aux contractuels et le rôle de la négociation collective. Il se trouve que la souplesse dans la gestion des ressources humaines n’est pas nécessairement liée à la forme juridique de la relation de travail des fonctionnaires. Le choix unilatéralisme/négociation, régime de droit public ou de droit privé est mal posé. Même le statut constitue un cadre souple, ce sont plutôt certaines pratiques politiques et administratives qui causent des dysfonctionnements. Pour gagner en efficacité, il ne s’agit pas, pour l’Italie, de supprimer la privatisation de l’emploi public, et non plus pour la France de supprimer le régime statutaire. Il se trouve que les deux administrations publiques n’utilisent pas toutes les possibilités offertes par les normes. Il faut investir sur les ressources humaines afin que les hauts fonctionnaires deviennent de vrais managers, plutôt que de continuer à envisager sans cesse des réformes radicales. / This research consists in a comparison between the legal instruments of human resource management in the French and Italian public service sector. The objective is to evaluate their efficacy and uncover the main problems linked to their implementation. In the Italian public service sector, the manager is assimilated to the employer found in private firms. The link between the public servant and the administration is first regulated by a specific law, then by collective bargaining and labour law. In the French system, labour law isn’t applied to the public service sector. However, labour law has an influence on it, and vice versa. Collective bargaining doesn't have any formal rule because the civil servant must accept conditions imposed by the administration. Despite appearances, throughout their evolution the two systems seem to increasingly resemble each other, particularly in the realm of human resource management legal instruments, the use of temporary jobs and the rule of collective bargaining. It seems that flexibility in human resource management isn’t necessarily associated to the nature – public, private or mixed - of the link between the public servant and the administration. The choice between unilateralism and negotiation, administrative law and labour law doesn’t matter so much. Though French statute law is flexible, there are some political and administrative customs which are damaging. In both Italy and France, public administrations do not need to ignore - respectively - privatisation and statute law in order to become more effective. It seems that public administrations do not use all the possibilities offered by existing laws. They have to invest in human resources in order to transform office directors into real managers, rather than to continuously work on useless or damaging radical reforms.