<p>Several organizations in the public and private sectors find partnership projects as a valuable means to implement their organizational strategy. Several of these projects span over diverse sectors and have partnerships involving multiple organizations located in different geographical locations. One type of such partnerships is the Public Private Partnership (PPP), which involves collaborations with partners coming from public and private sectors to meet predefined goals. Such collaborative projects with multiple partners and diverse backgrounds face a number of management challenges in working towards mutually set goals.  The focus of this research is on the challenges encountered in partnerships in achieving common goals for PPP projects in e-Governance.</p><p>Specifically, the purpose of the research was to answer (1) What are the partnership challenges in achieving common goals in PPP projects in e-Governance? (2) How can these challenges be overcome? After critical review of literature on relevant topics, a case study methodology was adopted using semi-structured interviews as data collection technique in an attempt to answer the research questions. Two PPP projects in e-Governance with intangible outputs were chosen as cases for the study, namely, (1) Wild life Environment Monitoring System (WEMS) developed by the United Nations University and being implemented in India and (2) the Stamps and Registration Information Technology Based Administration (SARITA) being implemented in the Maharashtra State of India. An online survey with a quantitative approach was used as a tool for triangulation to substantiate the results and findings from the qualitative analysis of data collected from the case studies.</p><p>At the end of the study, the challenges encountered in partnerships for PPP projects in e-Governance and the measures taken to overcome the challenges were identified. A framework has been developed from the findings of this study is expected to contribute to a certain extent in developing a theoretical basis for defining the characteristics of partnerships and in understanding how partnering organizations work to achieve common goals in PPPs. The practical and theoretical implications will have an impact on how we could go about studying this type of partnership and also in understanding how to develop and manage the partnerships for attaining mutually agreed upon goals.</p>

Improving systems of public education through the development and implementation of innovative reforms is a socially and politically complex process, particularly when systems of public education merge with external agencies that enter the process with unique resources and with perspectives and intents derived from experiences unlike those found in traditional public school cultures. Pursuing a better understanding of this process, this qualitative case study examines the interorganizational partnership that developed Metro High School, an innovative, STEM high school program in Columbus, Ohio. With this single, public/private partnership as a case, this study examined the school reform context within which the partners worked and from which they derived influential perspectives and resources. The objective was to better understand the interaction and manifestation of perspectives, resources, and intentions, as the now influential school was being developed and implemented. Data gathered through interviews, documents, and observations have been analyzed and synthesized into conclusions about the interactive effects of the partners on the development of the school and its subsequent policy influence. Factors found to have affected the effort include favorable reform policy conditions and experienced school designers, commitment to well-defined STEM and Coalition of Essential Schools principles, ample resources from skilled, high capacity partners with political and intellectual influence, conceptual alignment across the partnership, a commitment to equity, and effective community-based negotiations. Negotiations were facilitated by strong leadership working from the base of a multi-district foundation that provided the administrative space for the school’s largely autonomous development. This study, utilizing sociopolitical theories of educational change and implementation that recognize the influence and value of multiple perspectives and constructive variability, suggests implications for interorganizational partnership work that is undertaken for developing and negotiating the terms of new systems of public school organization and new learning environment designs. In regard to the research literature on implementation, school change, and reform, this study—though not generalizable and limited in scope to a single site—sheds light on the complexity of implementing collaborative educational change in urban environments.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Also available online.

The constraints experienced by water utilities in developing countries, with regard to the universal provision of access to water and improved water services, have been defined by international policymakers as "a crisis of governance". This study departs from the theoretical perspectives on governance and aspires to accumulate knowledge and advance understanding on how the performance of water utilities can be enhanced. The thesis comprises five papers and the cover essay. Four of the papers address case studies and one is a theoretically based paper, while all five papers are supported by reviews from the literature relevant to the topic of each paper. The thesis uses insights from literature reviews mapping relevant scientific theories and concepts in the areas of mainly governance, deliberative policymaking and communicative planning, social capital, civil society and institutional theoretical perspectives. The study integrates different research methods and explores theoretical perspectives on governance to examine the governance aspects of water utilities in the transition phase from public to private management and operation. The study investigates whether the  governance structure that involves the private sector in the form of Public Private Partnership (PPP) of water utility has produced "good governance" and enhanced water governance in two cases, the Lema Water Company in Amman, Jordan and the Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL) in Accra, Ghana. The analysis highlights evidence of governance deficiency. Accordingly, the thesis argues against the policy design that assumes that simply transferring the management and operation of water utility to private operators would resolve the problems of water utilities and enhance water governance. The analyses and the conclusions reached in the papers, together with a review of the literature on New Institutional Economics theory that knits together all the theories that are utilised in the papers, offer insights in the understanding of aspects of water governance. The insights suggest that policymakers need to better understand how institutions at different levels impact the overall performance of a water utility. The performance of the water utility cannot be detached from the wider institutional setting or reduced to simply changing the operator.  What has been disregarded from the calculus of international policymakers, the thesis mainly argues, is the institutional perspective. The study concludes that actors’ performances are affected primarily by their institutional settings. The constraints of water utilities to provide a better performance and good governance processes reside in different kinds of institutional settings To address this, the thesis develops a generic institutional framework within which water governance aspects can be assessed at different institutional levels, from the higher level of politics to that of the individual level. According to this perspective, the study views governance process as "the interaction between actors from the spheres of a society within specific sets of formal and informal institutions in a social setting that produces certain political, economic and social outcomes".  It defines good governance as "the legitimacy given by the wider public to institutions in a social setting and the coherency of formal and informal institutions to produce socially effective outcomes for the collective public". The developed generic institutional framework is used to more thoroughly analyse the two cases integrated in the study. This approach to assessment of water governance provides an explanation for why the water utilities were not able to meet their performance goals and enriches our understanding of water governance processes. It also modestly maps the main problematic institutional areas that in each case constrained aspects of good water governance. In practical terms, this thesis emphasises that policymakers have to map and identify the institutional factors constraining the overall performance of a water utility, at all levels. The thesis also urges policymakers to be cautious regarding which formulated policies are seen as solutions. Policymakers should restrain themselves from experimenting with policy when they are not sure that certain outcomes are likely to be produced by adopting a particular policy. In the long run, inappropriate policies may negatively affect local institutional settings and are likely to undermine the capacity of local governance. / QC20100628

The purpose of this study was to describe the reasons of Peng-hu medical team participation in infectious disease prevention program. The study discussed the awareness of importance for medical team engaged in disease prevention of community, and obstacles and intervention faced by medical team self-participation in community infectious disease prevention programs. At the end, it discussed cooperated relationships and the essential factors of public-private partnership and also provided conclusion and suggestion to perfect the abilities for medical team self-participation in community infectious disease prevention programs and to have positive functions. The purposes of this study are as follows: (1)to discuss the awareness of importance and advantages and disadvantages of medical team self-participation in community infectious disease prevention programs (2)to know the obstacles of Peng-hu medical team participation in community infectious disease prevention programs. (3)to study the cooperative relationship and essential factors of public-private partnership participation in community infectious disease prevention programs. (4)to conclude the related factors of medical team participation in community infectious disease prevention programs and to compare with the strategies for motivating community infectious disease prevention programs. This study adopted a quality perspective and in-depth interviews. In the research we use the purposive sampling which aims at medical clinic, institute of pharmacy, leaders of medical team member, directors of public healthy center and the head nurses. Besides, we also visited and asked delegates, town or city mayors, principals of school, director generals of community development association and chiefs of village for their advises on medial team who participated in community infectious disease prevention programs in Peng-hu. The conclusions are as follows: (1) it is important for medical team member to participate in community infectious disease prevention programs, because they have professional knowledge and they are at the cutting edge of disease prevention; public healthy center also has to take the responsibility for such program. However, the medical team is usually more utilitarian, so it is necessary to focus on their medical ethic program. (2) The largest benefit for the participation process is that medical team can learn from each other. (3) The obstacles for medical team to participate in infectious disease prevention programs are insufficient manpower, lack of protective equipment, and insufficient finances; therefore, they need help for these three aspects as well. (4) When medical team member promote community infectious disease prevention programs, patients who refuse to go to hospital and cover their condition will be the big obstruction for the program. (5) The understanding of infectious disease and the threat to health are both main factors to affect clinic in participating disease prevention. For public healthy center, the problems are unclear guidelines and political interventions for entire disease prevention. (6) The cross-professional corporation team has to be established and be conducted and integrated by public sector before reaching the goal of disease prevention program. According to the results given above, we suggest that supervisor of healthy care needs to direct and integrate all medical team member and other relevant sectors to organize a corporative team for disease prevention. The information of infectious disease should be announced widely and update frequently. Disease prevention program should be made compulsory in education and medical ethics should be emphasized. Moreover, Organizations without real functioning should be considered abolished for releasing more manpower in the programs.

Waste management is a growing concern in rapidly urbanizing developing countries and Haiti is noexception. Excessive amounts of improperly discharged waste endangers unique tropical environment, appears to bea reason of fast spread of epidemic diseases, increases risk of floods during the hurricane season and contributes toclimate change. Due to various historical, economic, natural and socio-political reasons, public sector of Haitianstate is not able to provide decent waste management service. Public-private partnerships are a highly-advocateddevelopmental tool for involvement of private sector in delivery of public service, relocation of stress fromgovernment budgets, privatization and decentralization. The study was conducted in order to suggest an option ofPublic-Private Partnership project that would suit the context of Haiti. In compliance with the principles ofsustainable development and in order to increase energy self-sufficiency, waste-to-energy approach is considered asa suitable option for waste management delivery. Public-Private Partnership is understood as a social system,models of partnership are created with the use of system theory approach. Theoretical base is complemented withthe concept of PPP and Waste Management Theory. This descriptive single case-study is a examining the choice oftechnology for energy recovery from waste, degree of privatization and general problematic issues that might occurduring the implementation of the project in the context of Haiti. Small-scale anaerobic digestion through concessioncontracting with service providers was picked up as the most favorable option after the analysis of surveys amongqualified experts, local citizens and literature review on the matter. It was also concluded that lack of publicmanagement capacity is a major obstacle for implementation of public-private partnership for waste management inthe context of Haiti.

This study investigates how Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) projects implemented through Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) impact on the roles, relationship, responsibilities and agendas of the involved actors – the private sector, civil society and the state – and whether these can lead to women’s empowerment and the capacity building of civil society in India, through a case study of the CSR projects of the Indian wind power company Suzlon. The empirical findings in terms of women’s empowerment lead us to conclude that although the first dimension of power, the ‘power over’, reflected in unequal gender structures, only has been addressed to a minor extent through Suzlon’s CSR projects, women’s ‘power to’, ‘power with’ and ‘power from within’ have been enhanced significantly, particularly through the projects specifically aimed to address women’s empowerment. Further, to adequately enhance women’s empowerment requires addressing gender structures and the gender sensitization of men, and not only the capacities of women. Suzlon has contributed to the capacity building of civil society – the NGOs implementing the CSR projects - in terms of enhancing project sustainability, promoting NGO ownership of projects, decreasing donor dependency and enforcing long-term strategies, while some other aspects of capacity building largely have remained unaddressed. Although the respective actors in the PPPs generally are positive of the collaborations, our findings indicate that the state partly withdraws from its responsibility to further development while the private sector increasingly takes on the same. The risk of corporate control of the civil society agenda associated with PPPs is not confirmed by our study although civil society tends to bear the highest costs in PPPs, in terms of credibility losses and insecurity concerning project terms and funding. The findings further confirm the importance of ‘critical cooperation’ and ‘complementary core competencies’ in PPPs.

With the increasing understaning of the need for sustainable development, many are finding that existing systems of governance are not sufficiently complex to solve the environmental crisis (see Glasbergen, 2011; Brown et al., 2009). As a result, the recent years has seen the rise of public-private participation, strengthened by the endorsement of the concept by the World Summit for Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in 2002 (Andonova, 2010). In Europe, the concept of collaboration between state and private sector has been further endorsed by EUCETSA and former SWENTEC. Using a literature review to establish a theoretical basis, the study then embarks on a qualitative case-study of regional environmental technology networks. This study investigates the motivations causing the companies and networks to go into partnership with one another, and whether these motivations conflict. It also aims to find the perceived benefits of cooperation and the perceived end goals. The study finds that motivations for entering into partnership often seem to be business opportunity-oriented, although elements of risk, values, legal compliance and using existing capabilities also play a large role.

Several organizations in the public and private sectors find partnership projects as a valuable means to implement their organizational strategy. Several of these projects span over diverse sectors and have partnerships involving multiple organizations located in different geographical locations. One type of such partnerships is the Public Private Partnership (PPP), which involves collaborations with partners coming from public and private sectors to meet predefined goals. Such collaborative projects with multiple partners and diverse backgrounds face a number of management challenges in working towards mutually set goals.  The focus of this research is on the challenges encountered in partnerships in achieving common goals for PPP projects in e-Governance. Specifically, the purpose of the research was to answer (1) What are the partnership challenges in achieving common goals in PPP projects in e-Governance? (2) How can these challenges be overcome? After critical review of literature on relevant topics, a case study methodology was adopted using semi-structured interviews as data collection technique in an attempt to answer the research questions. Two PPP projects in e-Governance with intangible outputs were chosen as cases for the study, namely, (1) Wild life Environment Monitoring System (WEMS) developed by the United Nations University and being implemented in India and (2) the Stamps and Registration Information Technology Based Administration (SARITA) being implemented in the Maharashtra State of India. An online survey with a quantitative approach was used as a tool for triangulation to substantiate the results and findings from the qualitative analysis of data collected from the case studies. At the end of the study, the challenges encountered in partnerships for PPP projects in e-Governance and the measures taken to overcome the challenges were identified. A framework has been developed from the findings of this study is expected to contribute to a certain extent in developing a theoretical basis for defining the characteristics of partnerships and in understanding how partnering organizations work to achieve common goals in PPPs. The practical and theoretical implications will have an impact on how we could go about studying this type of partnership and also in understanding how to develop and manage the partnerships for attaining mutually agreed upon goals.

Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka välfärdsmodellens förändring i form av privatisering genom kommunal upphandling och nya konstellationer av offentlig och privat verksamhet. Frågeställningarna besvaras utifrån en fallstudie gjord på den upphandlade ungdomsverksamheten Blå Huset i Tensta (Stockholm) och den metodologiska utgångspunkten bottnar i de kvalitativa sätten, mer specifikt Burawoys Extended Case Method. Genom att kombinera organisationsteoretiska begrepp och utgångspunkter med urbansociologiska perspektiv har resultatet fått ett djup och en bredd som visar på offentlig - privata partnerskaps relationers komplexitet vad gäller legitimitet och dess inverkan i den urbana kontexten. Resultatet visar på strategier som sammankopplar rationaliserande myter med kognitiva institutioner exempelvis i form av nyliberala initiativ inom den urbana kontexten. / The purpose of this paper was to get a deeper understanding of the transformations in the Swedish welfare model, which includes privatization through contracting out and new combinations of public and private actors. A case study was done on the youth centre Blå Huset in the suburb Tensta (Stockholm) using qualitative methods, and more specifically Burawoys Extended Case Method. Through combining organizational concepts with urban sociological perspectives the results showed both depth and width in illustrating the complexity of public - private partnerships in terms of legitimacy and effects on the urban context. The results showed strategies connecting rationalized myths with cognitive institutions such as neoliberal initiatives in the urban context.