The South African urban renewal and development environments are facing a number of challenges. South Africa, like many countries around the world, is experiencing challenges delivering to its citizens, facilities, infrastructure and services, at a rate fast enough to satisfy the public demand. Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) are a possible solution to curbing the disparity between these levels of supply and demand. The field of urban renewal and development is no different in this regard. In fact, urban renewal projects act as an effective measure when gauging the success rate of PPPs within a country. This is due mainly to the sheer size of these projects, which by their very nature, demand a certain involvement from numerous parties. While PPPs may act as an effective aid for government to increase procurement and service delivery, these initiatives are not without their problems, in fact these partnerships are often plagued with much uncertainty. This research aims to provide insight into factors affecting PPPs, both negatively as well as positively, and specific to the area of urban renewal and development. The first stage of the research involved semi-structured interviews that were conducted with industry experts. This allowed for the next stage of research which involved surveying employees in the relevant industry through a structured questionnaire. Based on the findings of this research, as well as knowledge garnered from a review of available literature surrounding this topic, a model was created to provide users with a clear consolidated view of factors affecting PPPs in general and specific to the urban renewal and development sectors. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

In the early 2000s, the world witnessed the emergence of a new variant of the juridical entity whose fundamental characteristic is the conjunction between public and private actors with the intention of delivering public infrastructures that otherwise would be impossible to realise. This new variant came to be known as the Public-Private Partnership (PPP). Since then, it has taken centre stage in development discourse assuming academic and practical importance due to the perceived role it plays in global development. Although research interest in PPP contracts has increased globally, only a few studies focus on the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) region. The present study contributes by filling in this gap and providing a comparative perspective on the regimes of the PPP contract in Mozambique and South Africa. While PPPs may provide much needed infrastructure to meet the needs of end users, this often comes at considerable cost. The fiscal cost and distributional implications of PPPs are accentuated when compared with state borrowing. In addition, when it comes to risk management, all those risks that are supposedly transferred to a private operator are never truly transferred and, in the end, the government is always the residual risk holder should the PPP consortium fail. Far from freeing resources to be invested in other poverty reduction programmes, PPPs can absorb funds that could have been devoted directly to such programmes. In the end, rather than compensating for weak state capacity it places significant extra demands on it. These contradictions call into question the merits of promoting PPPs to overcome developing countries' public service financing gap, as the evidence clearly suggests that PPPs often have tended to be more expensive than their public procurement alternative, and in a number of instances they have failed to deliver the envisaged gains. The research in both jurisdictions has also analysed context-specific factors capable of jeopardising the successful implementation of PPP contracts. These include non-streamlined regulatory frameworks, state capacity constraints, weak integrity systems, and corruption. The key recommendation drawn from the research is that in order for the PPPs to be able to harness their full potential and deliver on expected gains, substantial regulatory and institutional reforms are needed in both jurisdictions studied.

This Graduation theses is conversant with difficulties of project Public Private Partnersip (for short PPP) with a view on it in Switzerland. In letter and spirit is general characterization of these Projections with the aim of consider potential benefits and disavantages with orientation of selective subjects on territory of Switzerland confederation. Further is task focused on economics and financial aspects these projects and compare of two approach to implementation purpose (alternate conventional and alternate PPP) on example of project realized in this country.

Nigeria is rich country in terms of natural resources, It has one of Africa's largest economy, having being endowed with massive natural, human, renewable and non-renewable resources. With a population of about 160 million people which creates a large market for goods and services, rich soil suitable for commercial agriculture, deposits of natural resources including crude-oil, natural-gas, tin, and rock-salt, and cash crops including cocoa, kola-nut, cotton, groundnut and timber, Nigeria has the potential of being one of the largest economy globally and the political hegemony in Africa.1 However, the country has not been able to achieve sustainable development as a result of the deplorable state of infrastructure. Nigeria is confronted with the problem of immense infrastructure deficit which adversely affect national income, cost of production and distribution of goods and services, reduces Foreign Direct Investment(FDI), and result in poverty, unemployment, frequent youth unrest and fall in the general living standards.2 The poor state of infrastructure assets in the country is traceable primarily to the neglect by government and poor maintenance during the transition period from military rule to civilian administration. In an attempt to recover from the infrastructure decay, privatization was commenced in the late 90s through to the 21st century. Yet, there was no commendable improvements as the quality of public services dropped continuously and most of the enterprises were eventually wounded up as a result of corruption, poor maintenance and lack of skilled expertise.3 Furthermore, as a result of budget deficit caused by contraction in fiscal space, and continuous increase in demand for public services which correlates with population growth and rural-urban migration, public financing cannot facilitate bridging of the infrastructure gap. Also, having realized the success of Public Private Partnership (PPP) in other climes, government adopted PPP in 2005 to aid transition of the state of national infrastructure through private involvement in infrastructure financing. Unfortunately, for well over one decade of adopting PPP, Nigeria has not witnessed any commendable changes in her infrastructure assets. The poor performance of PPP in country has been traced to several factors including corruption, lack of transparency, and undue political interference. Central to the factors is the problem of regulatory deficit.4 Consequently, this study will examine the Nigerian PPP legal and regulatory framework to ascertain the problems responsible for the inability of the infrastructure financing technique to facilitate sustainable development through successful infrastructure projects. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2014 / gm2015 / Centre for Human Rights / LLM / Unrestricted

Public Private Partnerships, or PPPs, are being increasingly preferred by governments across the world for filling the infrastructure deficit, as they are claimed to provide access to private capital, and bring private sector efficiencies in provisioning of public services. In India too, a distinct policy shift towards PPPs in various sectors has been observed accompanied by a high degree of reliance on such partnerships to upscale the transport infrastructure. A growing body of literature however reveals serious flaws in the claims of economic superiority, effectiveness and profitability of the PPPs. They are being questioned on various accounts of transparency, accountability, equity, and excessive profiteering by the private partners. This gives rise to an advocacy for the enhanced role of the State in governance of PPPs. In this background, this research explores the nature of division of roles and responsibilities, allocation of risks and sharing of benefits by the State and the private partners within the PPPs in the context of road transport sector in India. It further examines the extent of investment of resources by the private partners in the projects. The factors shaping PPPs in road transport in India are also examined. This research suggests measures to strengthen the structures and mechanisms within the public and private partners to improve public infrastructure within the PPP framework. In order to achieve the research aims, and to gain a deeper perspective of the governance issues of PPPs from different administrative levels, two national and two state highways (one in construction while the other in operational stage in both cases) along with an intra-city transport project, part of which is already operationalised, were selected for the study. This study is rooted in critical realism according to which understanding of any social phenomenon can be achieved through study of the underlying multi-layered structures and mechanisms which cause the phenomenon. Research findings reveal that while PPP projects in highways largely followed the theoretical model of PPPs, the urban transportation project was found to be substantially deviating from a general PPP model discussed in the literature due to the unique requirements of urban transport infrastructure in India. The widely accepted argument of PPPs bringing in private capital to public services has been debunked by the Ahmedabad Bus Rapid Transit System (ABRTS). The project is substantially funded by the national and state governments due to limited incentives for the private sector to invest in these projects under BOT mode. The under-developed capability within the private sector in urban transportation projects in India resulted in unbundling of services rather than one private agency providing all of them. The local urban body has retained several risks as it more suitably located to bear them more efficiently. In the PPPs in highways, the public partner has shifted many of its responsibilities to the concessionaire primarily due to shortage of adequate manpower with the public partner, and the incentive of timely completion of the project with the private partner. Adoption of the PPP mode in highways has not been able to avoid time and cost over-runs, largely due to the public partners not meeting their share of responsibilities. Land acquisition has emerged as the single most contentious issue of PPPs in infrastructure in India and is the major cause for delay in PPP projects. In addition, serious issues in land-grabbing and profiteering by the private partners have also been observed. A more active role of the State in PPPs is suggested to improve the delivery of public services through the PPP mode. This may require establishing additional structures and mechanisms of governance to meet the emerging requirements of these new modes of procurement, and to strengthen the existing ones.

South Africa faces a shortfall in its provision of housing for low income households. This study explores the potential to use public private partnerships (PPP) to address these supply problems. A review of the housing market and an examination of the opportunities and challenges presented by PPP are presented, including a review of the international experience in the provision of social housing. Interviews with key stakeholders are undertaken to evaluate the appropriateness of PPP in the South African social housing sector. PPP are believed to have the potential increase the supply of social housing, provided there is continuing support from the state. However, none of the key stakeholders were keen to use the “traditional” PPP process, suggesting a need for innovative partnership models more appropriate for the sector. Copyright / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Education in South Africa is a key concern because the South African education system is underperforming compared to many other developing countries despite the large capital investment made by the South African government and its private sector. South African children are routinely underachieving and rate not only among the worst in the world, but often among the worst in the Southern African region and in Africa as a whole. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore whether Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is a suitable model for improving the quality of education in South African rural communities.The objective of the study was answered in a two-phase approach. The first phase developed an understanding of the challenges that prevents the delivery of quality education in South African rural communities with experts in education. The second phase determined the suitability of PPP to improve the quality of education in South African rural communities and the critical success factors for implementing PPP in education from interviews with PPP practitioners.The findings of the study revealed that PPP is a suitable model to improve the quality of education in South African communities and a PPP framework was proposed by the researcher that indicates the benefits of implementing PPP, the critical success factors of PPP and the barriers of PPP in education. The study also highlighted conditions that must be met to achieve quality education in South African rural communities through PPPs.The research concludes by making recommendations to both the government and the public sector in light of the findings of this research. Limitations for the study were highlighted and other variables to be researched that are important to further understanding of PPP as a model to improve the quality of education in South African rural communities were suggested. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Strengthening health care systems in government meant cost containment and improved equity. Escalating costs and poorly constructed strategies are weakening the efficiency and effectiveness of service delivery in health care. This has a negative impact on value creation and internal processes as critical elements such as human capital, information and organisational capital are not aligned with strategies and roll-out plans for HIV/Aids interventions. This research study therefore questioned the extent to which these strategies have impacted on the roll-out plans for HIV/Aids interventions, and investigated if the utilisation of public-private partnerships (PPP) resulted in applying fiscal reponsible mechanisms in health care reforms (effectively, efficiently, economically and equitably (4Es)). Trends in the new public management (NPM) movement inspired a shift towards business-like reforms and saw PPP as a mechanism that improved efficiency and effectiveness in service delivery as it offered the promise to strengthen the capacity of government policy. The study aimed to put forward value-creating strategies and develop a best practice model that strengthened government’s policy capacity by providing efficient, effective, economical and quitable service in health care and thereby improving strategies that impact on the roll-out plans for HIV/Aids. This comparative study comprised four international case studies (developed and developing countries) which presented benchmarks against which the performance of the national case study was measured. A better understanding of the influence which different ideologies had on the architecture of international and global governance structures was gained as it highlighted and compared the key issues that influenced strategies for HIV/Aids intervention between the developed and developing countries. Results of the study indicated that there are conflicting views between government departments in how to achieve value-for-money outcomes and their application of risk allocation. The conflicting views widened the gap between public and private governance structures and relations. The focus of the PPP definition as applied in the national context of health care is not percieved as being health-specific or effective as it excludes some forms of interactions occurring in the health sector. PPP goals emphasised efficiency, affordability and value-for-money approaches, while health care goals emphasised the interest of the “patient” and public health. / Thesis (PhD (Public Affairs))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / School of Public Management and Administration (SPMA) / unrestricted

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第20350号 / 工博第4287号 / 新制||工||1664(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 小林 潔司, 教授 大津 宏康, 准教授 松島 格也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

This thesis report is aiming to make a literature review on the risk management of PPP projects. At first, 22 risks are identified from different literatures, and next the suggested risk allocations from various literatures are given and get compared with each other. In addition, one more important part in the risk management, i.e. risk mitigation strategy, is collected from some literatures.  The risk management of PPP projects will not focus only on Chinese area, but mostly on the management of commonly occurred risks in PPP projects worldwide. Also, the PPP projects will only focus on the infrastructure projects. The scientific research method in this report is mainly qualitative data collection. In the discussion chapter, knowledge risk management is introduced to be added to the risk management of PPP projects. The SECI model and PPP knowledge base are two rational ways of handling risks. They can not only improve the communications and understandings among the stakeholders, but can also tackle many risks and the knowledge gaps. Finally, conclusions will be drawn from the results and the discussions; recommendations for future research will be given. / Denna examensarbete syftar till att göra en litteraturstudie om riskhanteringen av PPP-projekt (offentlig-privat samverkan). Först identifieras 22 risker från olika litteraturer, och därefter ges de föreslagna riskallokeringarna från olika litteraturer och jämförs med varandra. Dessutom samlas en viktig del i riskhanteringen, dvs riskreduceringsstrategin, som är samlad från vissa litteraturer. Riskhanteringen av PPP-projekt kommer inte att endast fokusera på kinesiskt område, utan mestadels på förvaltningen av vanliga risker i PPP-projekt världen över. Dessutom kommer PPP-projekten endast att fokusera på infrastrukturprojekten. Den vetenskapliga forskningsmetoden i denna rapport är huvudsakligen kvalitativ datainsamling. I diskussionskapitlet introduceras kunskapsriskhantering som läggs till i riskhanteringen av PPP-projekt. SECI-modellen och PPP-kunskapsbasen är två rationella sätt att hantera risker. De kan förutom att förbättra kommunikationen och förståelserna bland intressenterna, även ta itu med många risker och kunskapsbrister. Slutligen kommer slutsatser att dras av resultaten och diskussionerna. Rekommendationer för framtida forskning kommer att ges.