Fundamental notions: Publicity principle, Pretrial investigation, The secrecy of the data of pretrial investigation. The content of publicity principle in penal code has been analyzed applying the methods of data analysis, comparison and classified analysis, and the place of the content in the system of the other principles of penal code has been assessed. The standards of penal code of the Republic of Lithuania regulating the run of publicity principle in pretrial investigation have also been analyzed. The content of the above mentioned standards has been revealed analyzing the practice of European Court of Human Rights and the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania. The conception of publicity principle and its place in the system of penal code is presented in the work; hereinafter the possibilities of participants and people who are uninterested in the result of criminal process are analyzed. The Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania consolidates the principles of free speech and other principles of democratic states, which guarantee the right to get information about all events and processes, including the investigation of criminal act and at the same time to enable the control of these processes and to influence them. The Law on Criminal Process of the Republic of Lithuania consolidates the attitude that the data of pretrial investigation cannot be declared. The secrecy of the data like the right to free speech cannot be considered as absolute value... [to full text]

Ce travail étudie la possibilité de l’élargissement de l’éventail de participation politique à l’Administration, étant donné que l’État brésilien a des fins, des buts à réaliser et qu’il s’agit d’une démocratie “procéduraledélibérative”, où le peuple doit participer aux décisions touchant sa vie. En plus, la réalisation de l’intérêt général n’a qu’à gagner en efficacité si les décisions de l’État échappent le plus possible à la logique technocratique du “secret administratif” ; en effet, la participation des intéressés possédant la connaissance des données concrètes et des facteurs humains et techniques qui conditionnent une décision peut apporter un élément susceptible de la modifier, en obligeant l’Administration à expliquer les raisons de son action, ce qui en faciliterait l’exécution. C’est pourquoi nous étudions aussi bien le principe démocratique que le principe de la publicité, les formes possibles de participation des citoyens à l’Administration et les concrétisations de la publicité administrative en droit de savoir, droit de contrôle et droit de participation au processus administratif. / O presente trabalho investiga a possibilidade de aumentar o espectro de participação política na Administração, pela consideração de que o Estado brasileiro tem fins, objetivos a realizar e é uma democracia do tipo “procedimental-deliberativa”, em que o povo deve participar das decisões que afetem sua vida. Além disso, a realização do interesse geral só tem a ganhar em eficácia se as decisões estatais escaparem, o mais possível, da lógica tecnocrática do “segredo administrativo”, porque, graças à participação dos interessados, pelo conhecimento dos dados concretos e dos fatores humanos e técnicos que condicionam uma decisão, estes podem trazer algum elemento que a modifique, obrigando a Administração a explicar os motivos de sua ação, facilitando, assim, a execução. Por isso, estuda-se, tanto o significado do princípio democrático quanto do princípio da publicidade, as formas possíveis de participação dos cidadãos na Administração e as concretizações da publicidade administrativa em direito de saber, direito de controle e direito de participar do processo administrativo. / The present work investigates the possibilities of enlargement of the spectrum of political participation in Administration, considering that the Brazilian State has purposes to accomplish and it is a “proceduredeliberative” kind of democracy, one in which the people must participate in the decision processes, specially those concerning their lives. Besides, the accomplishment of general benefits has only to improve the efficacy of the State decisions escape, as much as it is possible, from the technocratic logics of “administrative secret”, thanks to the participation of the parts involved, and by the knowledge of concrete data and the technical and human factors that make contingent on a decision. These parts may bring some elements that could change the decisions, forcing the Administration to explain the reasons behind its actions, thus making it easier their execution. Because of this, the significance of the democratic principle is studied so extensively, as well as the publicity principle and the possible means of participation of citizens in Administration and the realizations of administrative publicity in the rights of knowledge, rights of control and rights of participation in the administrative procedure.

Ce travail étudie la possibilité de l’élargissement de l’éventail de participation politique à l’Administration, étant donné que l’État brésilien a des fins, des buts à réaliser et qu’il s’agit d’une démocratie “procéduraledélibérative”, où le peuple doit participer aux décisions touchant sa vie. En plus, la réalisation de l’intérêt général n’a qu’à gagner en efficacité si les décisions de l’État échappent le plus possible à la logique technocratique du “secret administratif” ; en effet, la participation des intéressés possédant la connaissance des données concrètes et des facteurs humains et techniques qui conditionnent une décision peut apporter un élément susceptible de la modifier, en obligeant l’Administration à expliquer les raisons de son action, ce qui en faciliterait l’exécution. C’est pourquoi nous étudions aussi bien le principe démocratique que le principe de la publicité, les formes possibles de participation des citoyens à l’Administration et les concrétisations de la publicité administrative en droit de savoir, droit de contrôle et droit de participation au processus administratif. / O presente trabalho investiga a possibilidade de aumentar o espectro de participação política na Administração, pela consideração de que o Estado brasileiro tem fins, objetivos a realizar e é uma democracia do tipo “procedimental-deliberativa”, em que o povo deve participar das decisões que afetem sua vida. Além disso, a realização do interesse geral só tem a ganhar em eficácia se as decisões estatais escaparem, o mais possível, da lógica tecnocrática do “segredo administrativo”, porque, graças à participação dos interessados, pelo conhecimento dos dados concretos e dos fatores humanos e técnicos que condicionam uma decisão, estes podem trazer algum elemento que a modifique, obrigando a Administração a explicar os motivos de sua ação, facilitando, assim, a execução. Por isso, estuda-se, tanto o significado do princípio democrático quanto do princípio da publicidade, as formas possíveis de participação dos cidadãos na Administração e as concretizações da publicidade administrativa em direito de saber, direito de controle e direito de participar do processo administrativo. / The present work investigates the possibilities of enlargement of the spectrum of political participation in Administration, considering that the Brazilian State has purposes to accomplish and it is a “proceduredeliberative” kind of democracy, one in which the people must participate in the decision processes, specially those concerning their lives. Besides, the accomplishment of general benefits has only to improve the efficacy of the State decisions escape, as much as it is possible, from the technocratic logics of “administrative secret”, thanks to the participation of the parts involved, and by the knowledge of concrete data and the technical and human factors that make contingent on a decision. These parts may bring some elements that could change the decisions, forcing the Administration to explain the reasons behind its actions, thus making it easier their execution. Because of this, the significance of the democratic principle is studied so extensively, as well as the publicity principle and the possible means of participation of citizens in Administration and the realizations of administrative publicity in the rights of knowledge, rights of control and rights of participation in the administrative procedure.

Ce travail étudie la possibilité de l’élargissement de l’éventail de participation politique à l’Administration, étant donné que l’État brésilien a des fins, des buts à réaliser et qu’il s’agit d’une démocratie “procéduraledélibérative”, où le peuple doit participer aux décisions touchant sa vie. En plus, la réalisation de l’intérêt général n’a qu’à gagner en efficacité si les décisions de l’État échappent le plus possible à la logique technocratique du “secret administratif” ; en effet, la participation des intéressés possédant la connaissance des données concrètes et des facteurs humains et techniques qui conditionnent une décision peut apporter un élément susceptible de la modifier, en obligeant l’Administration à expliquer les raisons de son action, ce qui en faciliterait l’exécution. C’est pourquoi nous étudions aussi bien le principe démocratique que le principe de la publicité, les formes possibles de participation des citoyens à l’Administration et les concrétisations de la publicité administrative en droit de savoir, droit de contrôle et droit de participation au processus administratif. / O presente trabalho investiga a possibilidade de aumentar o espectro de participação política na Administração, pela consideração de que o Estado brasileiro tem fins, objetivos a realizar e é uma democracia do tipo “procedimental-deliberativa”, em que o povo deve participar das decisões que afetem sua vida. Além disso, a realização do interesse geral só tem a ganhar em eficácia se as decisões estatais escaparem, o mais possível, da lógica tecnocrática do “segredo administrativo”, porque, graças à participação dos interessados, pelo conhecimento dos dados concretos e dos fatores humanos e técnicos que condicionam uma decisão, estes podem trazer algum elemento que a modifique, obrigando a Administração a explicar os motivos de sua ação, facilitando, assim, a execução. Por isso, estuda-se, tanto o significado do princípio democrático quanto do princípio da publicidade, as formas possíveis de participação dos cidadãos na Administração e as concretizações da publicidade administrativa em direito de saber, direito de controle e direito de participar do processo administrativo. / The present work investigates the possibilities of enlargement of the spectrum of political participation in Administration, considering that the Brazilian State has purposes to accomplish and it is a “proceduredeliberative” kind of democracy, one in which the people must participate in the decision processes, specially those concerning their lives. Besides, the accomplishment of general benefits has only to improve the efficacy of the State decisions escape, as much as it is possible, from the technocratic logics of “administrative secret”, thanks to the participation of the parts involved, and by the knowledge of concrete data and the technical and human factors that make contingent on a decision. These parts may bring some elements that could change the decisions, forcing the Administration to explain the reasons behind its actions, thus making it easier their execution. Because of this, the significance of the democratic principle is studied so extensively, as well as the publicity principle and the possible means of participation of citizens in Administration and the realizations of administrative publicity in the rights of knowledge, rights of control and rights of participation in the administrative procedure.

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