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The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the various reasons that have contributed to the decisionof international students not to return to their home countries after completing their studies, with a focus on students from Rwanda, Nigeria, and Cameroon. The study will include information about student’s home countries to provide a greater understanding of where they come from and how this has contributed to the decisions they have made. The push and pull factor theory will help to understand the different reasons why people choose to immigrate instead of staying in their home countries and what becomes a pull factor in the whole process. To gain even more insight into the students' choice not to return home, semistructured interviews with the 10 individuals will become important. By interviewing the 10 individuals from Rwanda, Nigeria, and Cameroon, one could tell that the countries have had amajor impact on the students' choice not to return home. Results showed that many chose not to return home because of the political instability that council in their home countries, some also felt living a life where they did not have to worry about tomorrow was an important factor in not going back home. The conclusion drawn was that countries were losing talented people because of their inability to put the needs of their citizens first.

The pace of urbanisation in less developed regions creates consequences which cause problems such as housing, overcrowding and lack of living standards in the urban areas. A problem connected more to developing countries than developed countries that earlier went through the same process. One of the reasons why urbanisation occurs is because of rural-urban migration. This study focuses on why men and women migrate and use migration as a tool to obtain personal development. The methodological framework used is qualitative with abductive reasoning, and the research design is a case study. The case study selected is Zambia, specifically the slum area Misisi in Lusaka. Ten semi-structured interviews are conducted to gather empirical data. A selection needs to be made to do the interviews, which is contrived on the snowball sampling method and delimitations. The empirical data is coded through thematic analysis, and three themes are found and described in the findings, personal economic and educational development, network and gender differences. These themes are analysed through the chosen sociological analytical framework; Bourdieu's class theory and West and Zimmerman's theory doing gender. The findings show that individuals use migration as a tool to climb in societal class and obtain personal development in different capitals. Furthermore, the differences between men and women are not as vast anymore, women have started to focus more on themselves than on the family. This research follows the lines of Agenda 2030, specifically number 11, and can inspire a more profound interest in the subject of sustainable cities and communities with the findings. Continuing research can increase the understanding of how personal development affects the fast-growing urbanisation in developing countries with rural-urban migration.

The pace of urbanisation in less developed regions creates consequenceswhich cause problems such as housing, overcrowding and lack of livingstandards in the urban areas. A problem connected more to developingcountries than developed countries that earlier went through the same process.One of the reasons why urbanisation occurs is because of rural-urbanmigration. This study focuses on why men and women migrate and usemigration as a tool to obtain personal development. The methodologicalframework used is qualitative with abductive reasoning, and the researchdesign is a case study. The case study selected is Zambia, specifically the slumarea Misisi in Lusaka. Ten semi-structured interviews are conducted to gatherempirical data. A selection needs to be made to do the interviews, which iscontrived on the snowball sampling method and delimitations. The empiricaldata is coded through thematic analysis, and three themes are found anddescribed in the findings, personal economic and educational development,network and gender differences. These themes are analysed through the chosensociological analytical framework; Bourdieu's class theory and West andZimmerman's theory doing gender. The findings show that individuals usemigration as a tool to climb in societal class and obtain personal developmentin different capitals. Furthermore, the differences between men and womenare not as vast anymore, women have started to focus more on themselves thanon the family. This research follows the lines of Agenda 2030, specificallynumber 11, and can inspire a more profound interest in the subject ofsustainable cities and communities with the findings. Continuing research canincrease the understanding of how personal development affects the fastgrowing urbanisation in developing countries with rural-urban migration.

This is a study on the emigration from Blekinge County with a focus on Medelstads härad to Denmark and Germany, during the period 1870-1925. By measuring statistics on how many people emigrated from Medelstads judicial district 13 parishes to Denmark and Germany respectively the aim is. To get a new perspective on the less known emigration. From this the study can continue to examine female and male emigration from the parishes of Backaryd, Edestad, Listerby and Ronneby. Furthermore, the study will examine the professional titles and other titles that the emigrants had when they chose to emigrate. Based on the results of the first questions, it is possible to see which similarities and differences are found between the emigration to Denmark and Germany. The results indicates the a greater number of emigrants went to Denmark than to Germnay. The results between the male and female emigration indicates that the female emigration was moe extensive than the male emigration both to Denmark and to Germany. Regarding the occupational titles, it can be determined that it was occupations that belonged to the working class that most emigrants had when they emigrated from Medelstads härad. From these results, it is possible to find similarities and differences betwwen the migration to Denmark and Germany.

九0年代初，捷克以及其他東、中歐國家成爲世界移民系統的一部份。當時，捷克的開放移民政策及國家的經濟發展吸引全世界移民的目光，其中也包含了中國大陸移民在内。然而，自1995年開始，爲了準備加入歐盟及申根地區，捷克逐漸將移民政策調整成與歐盟目標一致。因而，捷克的政府推行所謂的限制移民政策。因此，隨著開放移民政策的變遷，捷克對移民的拉力減弱。在限制移民政策的狀況之下，在移民過程中，移民國的社會網絡成爲關鍵的移民因素。本文旨在研究探討捷克移民政策的變遷以及中國移民社會網絡的加強對捷克中國移民人數的影響。 / At the beginning of the 1990’s, the Czech Republic, together with other European post-communist countries became a part of the world migration system. Its liberal migration policy and new business opportunities attracted a lot of migrants from different countries, including mainland China, as well. However, in the mid 1990’s, the Czech Republic initiated an effort leading to the membership in the European Union and Shengen Space. Thus, this central European country adopted a far more strict migration policy which corresponded to the EU’s migration rules. As a result, one of the main pull factor of the Czech Republic, i.e., openess to migrants, disappeared with the enlargement of the EU, and moreover migration process involved many restrictions. In this situation social migration networks undertook the role of the main factor which could enable new migrants access the Czech Republic. This thesis describes and analyzes the influence of changing Czech migration policy and subsequent strengthening of social migration ties on the development of Chinese community in the Czech Republic.