Punk-musiken har fått kritik för att låta smutsig eller skräpig. Men enligt många punkfantaster är det så det ska låta, annars är det inte punk. Vad är det som gör att punken låter skräpigt, och varför? Vissa punkband som växer i popularitet får kritik om att inte längre vara punk när de byter sound, de blir mainstream enligt en del av fantasterna. Vad har soundet för betydelse för vad som är punk och inte? Syftet med undersökningen är att få en djupare förståelse för punkens sound. Dessutom undersöks vad soundet har för betydelse för skillnaden mellan vad som är "riktig punk" och vad som är mainstream. Tidigare forskning tar upp kulturella och tekniska aspekter som påverkar och formar punkens sound, såsom; DIY-kulturen, inspelningsmetod i studio, tekniska begränsningar, och producentrollens påverkan på soundet. Även skillnaden mellan riktig punk och mainstreampunk beskrivs. Teoriavsnittet tar upp teorier om begreppet "noise" och hur det används för att förklara hur individer uppfattar ljudideal. Gullös (2010) tredimensionella modell för musikproduktion används för att förklara producenters beteenden och ageranden under produktion. Kvalitativa intervjuer har använts som metod för att studera respondenternas resonemang och tankar kring punkens sound på ett djupare och friare sätt. Resultatet av intervjuerna genomgår sedan en analytisk fas där teori tillämpas för att uppnå svar på forskningsfrågorna. Analysen visar att punkens rötter är det som formar punkens sound, dvs; tekniska begränsningar och enkla inspelningsmetoder, vilket tillhör en äldre tid som många fantaster gärna förhåller sig till. Hur man förhåller sig till rötterna beror på hur viktiga de är för individen. Punken utvecklas likt all annan musik, och det gör även människans uppfattning av musik som därav skapar nya sorters sound hos punken. Bandet själva styr vilket sound de vill ha. Punkband som ändrar sound kan ibland ses som mainstream då fansen inte längre känner igen soundet eller genren. Det finns ingredienser som behövs för att punk ska vara punk, dock är det individuellt om vad man relaterar till och ser som punk, alltså finns det mer än bara punkens sound som avgör om vad som är riktig punk eller mainstream.

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Introduction: Addictive substances among musicians is a common occurrence. However, this phenomenon is mostly described only by the musicians themselves in their autobiographies. There is little professional work to address this phenomenon. There are many factors that affect musicians and lead them to use addictive substances. Even though this phenomenon is so widespread, it is taken for granted and few pay attention to it. Aim: Aim of thesis is to identify and describe patterns of substance use in active musicians in music groups that are based in the Benešov region, but play outside this area too. Methodology Data were collected in the form of a semi-structured interview. A list of music groups was created using the bandzone website. These groups were then found on Facebook to find out their activity. They were also subsequently approached here. 9 researched musicians took part in the research. Responses from the interviews were recorded directly by hand. Overwrite was performed while data was being written. Subsequently, the data were analyzed by elements of grounded theory. Using open coding, the codes were assigned to important topics in the text. These topics were grouped using axial coding. Using these categories, patterns of substance use among active musicians in music groups based in the...

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Desde su surgimiento a mediados del siglo XX el rock ha sido de especial interés para las ciencias sociales a partir el binomio de juventud y música. El presente trabajo es un estudio de caso sobre los discursos y las prácticas de los nuevos punks de Lima en el siglo XXI. Los rockeros subterráneos de los 80 bautizaron a estos jóvenes despectivamente como “chikipunks” por romper con los paradigmas que instauró el punk en el contexto nacional de los 80. Sin embargo, desde una profunda reflexividad y un inmenso acceso a información gracias al Internet, estos nuevos punks desarrollaron nuevas rebeldías frente a la hegemonía que nos ayudan a pensar en categorías como subcultura, tribu urbana y escena. Usando una metodología cuantitativa y de enfoque microsocial, esta investigación nos muestra a través de los conciertos los cambios y permanencias del género que sigue vigente con sus crecientes festivales que llegan a cifras de asistencia nunca antes vistas en el rock nacional.

[pt] O presente texto visa discutir as transformações no mundo do trabalho e na classe trabalhadora, em especial durante a crise mundial capitalista dos anos 70/80. Entendendo o movimento punk como um importante elemento que pode nos dar pistas desse processo no âmbito da cultura. Nossa hipótese é que este movimento foi ao mesmo tempo um sintoma e um agente. Um sintoma de uma classe operária em desagregação: da transição do trabalho operário chão de fábrica como força hegemônica, para a hegemonia do setor terciário: do setor de serviços, da informalidade, do subemprego, do que alguns vão chamar de precariado urbano. No entanto, esse movimento também se estabelece como um agente ativo, em especial no que tange o debate em torno de uma agência em relação à disciplina do trabalho capitalista e no caso brasileiro, uma agência dos de baixo (por meio da arte, música, cultura) em oposição à ditadura-empresarial-civil-militar em sua etapa final. Focaremos para tal, no movimento da cidade de São Paulo e do ABC paulista, bem como sua relação com a classe operária de São Paulo. Para tanto, utilizaremos fontes primárias, por meio de elementos da História oral, entrevistando participantes do movimento punk paulista e do ABC. Recorreremos também aos arquivos sobre movimento punk do CEDIC (Centro de Documentação Científica da PUC SP), contendo fanzines, discos, correspondências, etc. Utilizaremos também, como ferramenta, a análise de canções e poesias punks do período, tendo como importante elemento conceitual as concepções de agência e experiência presentes na obra do historiador inglês Edward Palmer Thompson. Ainda como aporte teórico utilizaremos algumas produções de livros e artigos a respeito do punk no Brasil e no mundo. / [en] This text aims to discuss transformations in the world of work and the working class, especially during the capitalist world crisis of the 1970s and 1980s. Understanding the punk movement as an important element that can give us clues of this process within the culture. Our hypothesis is that this movement was both a symptom and an agent. A symptom of a disintegrating working class to the work of an urban precarious. However, this movement also establishes itself as an active agent, especially in what concerns the debate around an agency in relation to the discipline of capitalist labor. We will focus on the movement of the city of São Paulo and the ABC of São Paulo, as well as its relationship with the working class of São Paulo. To do so, we will use primary sources, through elements of oral history, interviewing participants of the São Paulo punk movement and ABC. We will also visit the archives about punk movement of CEDIC (Center of Scientific Documentation of PUC SP), containing fanzines, discs, correspondences, etc. We will also use, as a tool, the analysis of punk songs and poems of the period, having as important conceptual element the conceptions of agency and experience present in the work of the English historian Edward Palmer Thompson. Still as a theoretical contribution, we will use some productions of books and articles about punk in Brazil and in the world.

<p>This dissertation contains two related documents: a piece of music entitled <italic>Hallmarks, Sigils & Colophons</italic> for three female singers and chamber orchestra setting excerpts from Christian Bök's <italic>Eunoia</italic>; and an article entitled "Reorganizing the Rock and Roll: U.S. Maple's Musical Deconstructions." These two chapters are linked by an engagement with the phonic materiality of speech and the polyvalent implications that arise from the intense musical study of that materiality. </p><p>Chapter 1, <italic>Hallmarks, Sigils & Colophons</italic>, is a six-movement work for soprano, mezzo-soprano, alto, and chamber ensemble. Each movement sets excerpts from the individual chapters of Christian Bök's <italic>Eunoia</italic>, a collection of prose poems inspired by the avant-garde literary group Oulipo. As such, each chapter only uses single vowels: "Chapter A" uses only words with the letter a, "Chapter E" uses only e, and so on. The piece explores the sound worlds of each individual vowel, attempting to create unified musical ideas from each vowel's unique sonic character. I am particularly interested in the ways in which the limited range of vowel sounds changes the affect of a sonic space. I occasionally attempt to mimic (or at least reference) Bök's use of constraints, though I never allow constraint to override musical concerns. Despite using words, this piece tells no unified story, and each movement exists, on some levels, as self-contained wholes.</p><p>Chapter 2, "Reorganizing the Rock and Roll: U.S. Maple's Musical Deconstructions," discusses the relationship between the music of the rock group U.S. Maple and Derrida's theories of deconstruction. U.S. Maple's music is often described by critics and fans as "deconstructing" rock music, though the band dismisses the term for its pejorative implications. In this article, I argue that the band's music could, in fact, be read as expanding the Derridean concepts of <italic>différance</italic> and the "trace" into the realm of music. I describe how US Maple performs what Marcel Cobussen terms "deconstruction in music" to the case of conventional hard rock tropes. I focus particularly on the way in which singer Al Johnson creates a language out of paralinguistic utterances--singing in yelps, growls, grunts, groans, and garbled words--and thereby cultivates the multiplicity of sounds and significations that are typically relegated to subordinate status by other rock singers. I also use Richard Middleton's ideas about repetition in pop music to analyze how the band deconstructs the syntax of rock by imbuing their songs with the affect of improvisation.</p> / Dissertation

This diploma thesis deals with the influence of the totalitarian regime on musical production in Czechoslovakia between 1968 and 1989. The aim is to explore various ways which the communist regime used to regulate or prevent the propagation of selected musical genres. The power of the totalitarian regime is shown in specific cases, such as censorship, preventing concerts, physical attacts during performances, arrests, artificial processes, media influence, nationwide actions against musicians or music bands, state institutions, etc. The work shoes how the communist regime avoided accepting any independent behavior in the society. At the same time, there are analyzed both articles in the media and state security reports, etc., and some texts reflecting political events in the particular period and current professional work on this topic. KEYWORDS Normalization, Unofficial Musical Genres, Underground, Punk, Rock'n'roll, Repression, Unfreedom

This thesis examines the punk genre's evolution into commercial mainstream music in Spain and Mexico. It looks at how this evolution altered both the aesthetic and gesture of the genre. This evolution can be seen by examining four bands that followed similar musical and commercial trajectories. In Spain, Kaka de Luxe and Radio Futura; in Mexico, Size and Ritmo Peligroso. Since punk music's gesture is both visceral and political, various methods of suppressing or containing the punk gesture arise. For both Spain and Mexico, containing the punk gesture was a matter of government censorship in the early years of punk. By the late 1980s, neoliberalism, global tastes, and capitalist interests controlled the punk gesture more than governmental crackdown. The thesis concludes that while the punk gesture was contained for both political and economic reasons during the 1980s, the resurgence of the punk gesture in the 1990s is evidence of the genre's resilience in a capitalist and hegemonic environment.

This study looks at female musicians performing in subcultural rock genres commonly considered non-gender-conforming, such as punk rock, heavy metal, noise, and experimental. Twenty-four interviews were conducted with female musicians who reflected on their experiences as musicians. Themes emerged on women’s patterns of entry into music, barriers they negotiated while playing, and forces that may push them out of the music scene. Once women gained a musician identity, their gender functioned as a master status. They negotiated sexism when people questioned their abilities, assumed men played better, expected them to fail, held them to conventional gender roles, and sexually objectified them. Normative expectations of women as primary caregivers for children, internalization of criticism, and high personal expectations are considered as factors that contribute to women’s exit from musical careers. This research closes with suggestions for how more women and girls can be socialized into rock music.