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The purposes of this study were 1) to ascertain the effectiveness of puppets with instructional media in oral language development of culturally disadvantaged first-grade children, and 2) to derive the implications of this effect for instructors, teachers, and volunteers working in programs for the culturally disadvantaged child.

This study utilized an ethnographic methodology to examine and describe the various aspects and processes occurring in a children's group as the members created their own puppets and accompanying puppet plays. Individual and interactive behavior patterns were isolated and analyzed as a means of gaining an in depth understanding of the puppetry process. The puppetry process, in turn, was viewed in terms of information it provided regarding the individual members and the group process. The facilitative and non-facilitative aspects of the procedure were delineated. The adult leader met with a group of six boys, in grades four and five, for 12 one-hour sessions in which they made puppets and then created puppet plays around issues that they had articulated as problems. The group sessions were videotaped and transcribed. The transcriptions were coded in an effort to extensively analyze the puppetry process and the group process, and the ways in which the two processes interacted. An independent observer/rater was utilized in order to provide some validity for the researcher's reported results. The puppet-making task appeared to offer an opportunity for individuals to begin to come together in a common, but individual task. Characteristic styles and individual personality dynamics were evidenced. General response to the task was enthusiastic, with varying degrees of satisfaction expressed regarding their finished products. The play-creating and performing process met with less success than the puppet-making. While the group members appeared to be generally amenable to contributing ideas for the puppet plays, the process met with far more resistance in the cooperative task of putting their ideas into a finished product. The group discussion and interaction that occurred around these tasks provided a vehicle by which to view levels of interpersonal skills and the group's overall stage of development. The puppets the children created appeared to act as metaphors in expressing the group members' views of themselves and in enabling the symbolic representation of some of their central concerns. The plays they created paralleled the process that actually took place in the group. The subject matter and content of the puppets and plays provided information and evidence as to how each member approached and solved problems. The discrepancies in the ways in which the researcher and the independent observer/rater viewed the positive and negative social/emotional interactions of the group members, coupled with the small number of subjects included in this study preclude generalizing to other groups of children at this time. Further studies, with additional groups of children, utilizing parametric statistics are called for before any such generalizations can be made.

Esta pesquisa é um estudo sobre o traje de cena na relação boneco/objeto e ator/manipulador, a partir das dimensões materiais, visuais e simbólicas que o constituem. O estudo abarca dois estudos de caso: a companhia mineira de teatro de bonecos Giramundo e a companhia francesa de teatro de rua Royal de Luxe. A análise do traje de cena em cada companhia foi organizada a partir de temas pré-estabelecidos, e exemplos de seus espetáculos foram evocados na medida em que ilustravam estes temas. Esta escolha não seguiu ordem cronológica e permitiu que os elementos de materialidade e visualidade do traje de cena nas duas companhias fossem analisados. Para suporte teórico, buscou-se a teoria teatral que analisa as distintas propostas de utilização do boneco em cena, contemplando a produção contemporânea. Relacionou-se também o tema da pesquisa com estudos de moda e artes visuais, que permitem analisar o traje e suas propriedades inerentes deslocadas para a cena. A hipótese é que o traje de cena no teatro de animação2 adquire significados específicos, quando se expande sua investigação e entendimento para além do traje do boneco, alcançando a relação boneco/objeto e ator/manipulador. A pesquisa gerou indicativos teóricos que poderão ser utilizados em trabalhos futuros, como ponto de partida na análise de outros casos onde o traje de cena tenha como premissa as especificidades estabelecidas a partir da relação entre a figura humana/ator-manipulador e o objeto articulado inanimado/boneco. Não se espera, naturalmente, que os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa sejam aplicáveis a todos os casos de apropriação do objeto/boneco como eixo central da cena em diferentes espetáculos, em que sua composição e relação com o ator-manipulador consiste em inúmeras possibilidades. / This research is a study about the scene costume of in relation puppet / object and actor / manipulator, from the material, visual and symbolic dimensions that constitute it. The study covers two case studies: the Brazilian puppet theater company Giramundo and the French street theater company Royal de Luxe. The analysis of the scene costume in each company was organized from pre-established themes, and examples of their theater shows were evoked as they illustrated these themes. This choice did not follow chronological order and allowed the elements of materiality and visuality of the scene costume in the two companies to be analyzed. For theoretical support, we sought the theatrical theory that analyzes the different proposals of use of the puppet in scene, contemplating the contemporary production. The subject of the research was also related with studies of fashion and visual arts that allow to analyze the costume and its inherent properties displaced for the scene. The hypothesis is that the scene costume in the theater of animation3 acquires specific meanings when it expands its investigation and understanding beyond the costume of the puppet, reaching the relation puppet / object and actor / manipulator. The research generated theoretical indicatives that could be used in future work, as a starting point in the analysis of other cases where the costume of the scene is premised on the specificities established from relationship between the human figure/actor-manipulator and the inanimate articulated object /puppet. It is not expected, of course, that the results from this research could be useful to all possible cases of appropriation of the object / puppet as the central axis of the scene in different spectacles as we are aware its composition and its relation with the actor-manipulator involves uncountable possibilities.

Bahram Beyzaie, né en 1938 en Iran, est considéré comme un très grand cinéaste et auteur dramatique de sa génération. Si certains de ses films sont bien connus, son théâtre est moins célèbre à l’étranger parce qu’il a été peu traduit et peu joué. Pour lui le théâtre est le lieu par excellence où renouer avec les formes traditionnelles de spectacle non pas pour les reconstituer mais pour parler au public d’aujourd’hui et lutter contre l’amnésie. Il nourrit donc ses pièces de théâtre, ses films, ses contes et ses narrations de l’héritage culturel oublié de son pays. Cette thèse propose d’examiner l’influence, dans son oeuvre dramatique, des spectacles traditionnels d’Iran tels que le Ta’zieh, le Naghâli ou l’Art du conteur, les marionnettes, la farce du Siyâh Bâzi, ainsi que la trace des mythes et de l’histoire de l’Iran. Dans tout ce qu’il écrit, une importance extrême est accordée à la langue perse utilisée avec virtuosité. De nombreux extraits d’ouvrages de recherche et de pièces sont proposés ici en traduction française. Une importante iconographie accompagne cette étude et rend compte des spectacles que Bahram Beyzaie a mis en scène. Il continue son travail artistique en Californie car il est actuellement un auteur en exil. / Born in 1938 in Iran, Bahram Beyzaie is considered as a great filmmaker and playwright of his generation. While some of his films are well known, his theater is less famous abroad because it has been little translated or performed. For him theater is the place where to keep in touch with tradition, not to just preserve it, but to reach today’s public and fight against amnesia. He thus feeds his plays, his films, his tales and his narrations of the forgotten dramatic legacy of his country. This thesis proposes to examine the influence, in his dramatic work, of traditional Iranian performances such as Ta'zieh, Naghali or the Art of Storytelling, Puppet Theater and Siyâh Bâzi or Farce, as well as the traces of the myths and history of Iran. In everything he writes, a prominent place is dedicated to the Persian language used with utmost virtuosity. Many excerpts of texts on the theater and plays are here translated for the first time into French. A very rich iconography, mainly of his own staging of his plays, illustrates the study. Beyzaie continues his artistic work in California where he is presently an author in exile.

Esta pesquisa é um estudo sobre o traje de cena na relação boneco/objeto e ator/manipulador, a partir das dimensões materiais, visuais e simbólicas que o constituem. O estudo abarca dois estudos de caso: a companhia mineira de teatro de bonecos Giramundo e a companhia francesa de teatro de rua Royal de Luxe. A análise do traje de cena em cada companhia foi organizada a partir de temas pré-estabelecidos, e exemplos de seus espetáculos foram evocados na medida em que ilustravam estes temas. Esta escolha não seguiu ordem cronológica e permitiu que os elementos de materialidade e visualidade do traje de cena nas duas companhias fossem analisados. Para suporte teórico, buscou-se a teoria teatral que analisa as distintas propostas de utilização do boneco em cena, contemplando a produção contemporânea. Relacionou-se também o tema da pesquisa com estudos de moda e artes visuais, que permitem analisar o traje e suas propriedades inerentes deslocadas para a cena. A hipótese é que o traje de cena no teatro de animação2 adquire significados específicos, quando se expande sua investigação e entendimento para além do traje do boneco, alcançando a relação boneco/objeto e ator/manipulador. A pesquisa gerou indicativos teóricos que poderão ser utilizados em trabalhos futuros, como ponto de partida na análise de outros casos onde o traje de cena tenha como premissa as especificidades estabelecidas a partir da relação entre a figura humana/ator-manipulador e o objeto articulado inanimado/boneco. Não se espera, naturalmente, que os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa sejam aplicáveis a todos os casos de apropriação do objeto/boneco como eixo central da cena em diferentes espetáculos, em que sua composição e relação com o ator-manipulador consiste em inúmeras possibilidades. / This research is a study about the scene costume of in relation puppet / object and actor / manipulator, from the material, visual and symbolic dimensions that constitute it. The study covers two case studies: the Brazilian puppet theater company Giramundo and the French street theater company Royal de Luxe. The analysis of the scene costume in each company was organized from pre-established themes, and examples of their theater shows were evoked as they illustrated these themes. This choice did not follow chronological order and allowed the elements of materiality and visuality of the scene costume in the two companies to be analyzed. For theoretical support, we sought the theatrical theory that analyzes the different proposals of use of the puppet in scene, contemplating the contemporary production. The subject of the research was also related with studies of fashion and visual arts that allow to analyze the costume and its inherent properties displaced for the scene. The hypothesis is that the scene costume in the theater of animation3 acquires specific meanings when it expands its investigation and understanding beyond the costume of the puppet, reaching the relation puppet / object and actor / manipulator. The research generated theoretical indicatives that could be used in future work, as a starting point in the analysis of other cases where the costume of the scene is premised on the specificities established from relationship between the human figure/actor-manipulator and the inanimate articulated object /puppet. It is not expected, of course, that the results from this research could be useful to all possible cases of appropriation of the object / puppet as the central axis of the scene in different spectacles as we are aware its composition and its relation with the actor-manipulator involves uncountable possibilities.

Orientador: Matteo Bonfitto Júnior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-29T00:16:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caniatto_Fabio_M.pdf: 3451940 bytes, checksum: f5c50511d2ed464c3bddb60fc4e70e06 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Esta dissertação tem como objeto de estudo o processo de criação do espetáculo "100 Shakespeare" produzido pela Pia Fraus Teatro no ano de 2006. O espetáculo reúne nove textos de William Shakespeare apresentados de forma não linear, praticamente sem o uso da palavra e com recursos da linguagem do Teatro de Animação. Utiliza técnicas de manipulação de bonecos como bunraku, luz negra, vara, direta, além da manipulação de objetos e uso de máscaras. "100 Shakespeare", como construções narrativas da companhia anteriores a esta, reconfigura as técnicas de manipulação de bonecos. Esta reconfiguração e seu modus operandi trouxe aos atores criadores, seres naturalmente exercitantes da busca expressiva, um olhar mais apurado ao nível de consciência de sua expressividade e como ela pode ser transferida ao boneco ou objeto. Para isso foi analisada, passo a passo, a elaboração de cada cena componente do trabalho e o comportamento do corpo do ator em relação à construção estética dos bonecos e suas técnicas de manipulação. Objetivamente o estudo busca mostrar formas de instrumentalização do manipulador de bonecos, aqui chamado de ator/manipulador, através da elaboração e gradação da transmissão de sua expressividade ao boneco e também da alteridade presente na criação da identidade de cada personagem / Abstract: This thesis is to study the process of creating the show "Shakespeare 100" produced by Pia Fraus Theatre in 2006. The show brings together nine texts of William Shakespeare presented in a nonlinear manner, almost without the use of words and language features of the Animation Theater. It uses techniques such as manipulation of Bunraku puppets, black light, stick, direct, and the manipulation of objects and use of masks. "100 Shakespeare," as narratives of the company prior to this, reconfigures the techniques of manipulating puppets. This reconfiguration and its modus operandi brought to the actors creators, search retreatants beings naturally expressive, a closer look at the level of awareness of their expression and how it can be transferred to the puppet or object. For it was analyzed, step by step, the preparation of each scene component of the work and behavior of the actor's body in relation to the aesthetic construction of the puppets and their manipulation techniques. Objectively, the study seeks to show ways of manipulation of the puppeteer, here called the actor / handler, through the development and transmission of gradation expressivity as well as the puppet of otherness present at the creation of the identity of each character / Mestrado / Artes Cenicas / Mestre em Artes

This work begins with a brief history of puppet theater in Germany. A look at important social aspects, pertinent philosophical discussions and the significance of puppet theater in the German literary tradition follow. The final chapter looks at Peter Schumann, a German puppeteer and artist who lives in America. In Germanistik, German puppet theater deserves a devoted place in the field of legitimate study in terms of its history, content and influence. Puppet theater's historical development in Germany represents the larger evolution of Germany. From ancient times up to the present day, this artistic form of representation has enjoyed an audience in the German-speaking regions. The evolution of puppet theater parallels Germany's quest for legitimacy as a nation and desire for cultural unification. A study of puppet theater thematizes the issue of popular cultural history. For most of its existence in Germany, puppet theater served as popular entertainment. The conception of folk art and folklore - which includes puppet theater - by the German Romantics led them to believe that folk artists possessed a mysterious authenticity inaccessible to Classicists and their narrowly-defined world of high art. Much German literature and thought from the 19th century onward shows a fondness for the Volk aspect of puppet theater. Puppet theater and its reception in German Romanticism helped to shape literary and philosophical themes that would lead to further recognition of puppetry as an art form and an integral aspect of German culture. In the 20th century, puppet theater took on bold new forms. Adapting to film, television, academia and the avant-garde, respected proponents of puppet theater brought the art form into the light of day. No longer did it merely consist of vulgar or mildly artistic street performances or as a vehicle for Romantic-era nostalgia. German puppet theater in the 20th century moved into the realm of mass culture with film and, more effectively, with television. It also gained footing in academia, eventually becoming a fully-recognized field of study as well as a performance medium with infinite possibilities. One can only hazard a guess as to where puppet theater will go in the future. The ability of the art form to uncannily reflect the human condition is well known. How the human condition will change and how the performers of puppet theater will respond remains to be seen.

Educational television began in 1932 at the State University of Iowa. Until 1952, the potential of its contributions to education were not fully recognized. In 1952, however, the Federal Communication Commission created non-commercial television station. From that point in time, educational television has mushroomed.

Bread and Puppet Theater's use of performing objects offers an aperture to contemplate complex assemblages that blur lines between the human and the nonhuman. Drawing upon cultural studies, feminist materialism, circus studies, and puppetry studies, I consider both the bread and the puppets as they intersect with various assemblages and fields of interpretation. These configurations demonstrate how the objects embody (non)human, material, and conceptual aspects. Because of this ability to exist within the meshes of binaries, performing objects are well suited to challenge and expose other binaries and hierarchies through three categories of analysis — movement, difference, and intra-action — based on Karan Barad's work on matter. In addition to the theoretical framework, I conducted ethnographic interviews and rely on my own experience as an apprentice at Bread and Puppet in 2004, considering myself as co-constitutive actant within the scope of analysis. I examine the way the theater uses sourdough bread and puppets as performing objects to create meaning, express ideology, apply tension within constructs of power, and demonstrate a model for co-dependent living between humans and objects / Doctor of Philosophy / Objects, despite their connections to daily life, which includes times of celebration and insurgency, remain overlooked as political actants. Bread and Puppet Theater, through performances, protests, and everyday living, places bread and puppetry as central to home and public live for puppeteers and performers. This dissertation asserts that bread and puppetry at Bread and Puppet Theater exemplify a co-creative relationship between people and things. This partnership creates tension in places of power, literal locations and within modes of thinking; simplifies and makes more accessible ideological messages; and evokes solidarity through performance. By considering bread in relation to Bread and Puppet Theater, we can see how bread becomes a fulcrum balancing between those with the most wealth and those with the least. Bread, as a symbol, is used to articulate demands. Its presence alone at protests suggests a list of demands regarding redistribution of wealth, fair wages, and food. As a symbol that touches the lives of all, it becomes an object that can evoke solidarity as a symbol but also as a product that is consumed and shared. Puppetry is exemplary of shared creation between people and objects. The rod puppets used at Bread and Puppet are especially suited to blurring demarcations between these two actants. Embodying this in-between space allows puppets to interrogate and blur other sets of binaries — the sacred and the profane, the religious and the secular, rich and the poor, state power and people, war and peace, and so on. This liminal, blurred space primes puppetry to challenge structures of power during political performances and protests. Ultimately this project considers how objects become central to political action and how, if thoughtfully mobilized, could operate as counter actants within times of turmoil.