Neste trabalho foram realizados as sínteses, caracterização e o estudo da reatividade química dos complexos trans-[RuCl(NO)(py)4](PF6)2½H2O e trans-[RuCl(NO)(py)4]Cl23H2O. Os compostos foram isolados e caracterizados através de técnicas espectroscópicas (UV-vis, infravermelho e 1H RMN), eletroquímicas (voltametria cíclica e polarografia de pulso diferencial) e análise elementar. Os dados espectroscópicos, eletroquímicos e os resultados da análise elementar foram consistentes com as fórmulas dos complexos analisados. Foram utilizados como precursores os compostos [RuCl2(DMSO)4], trans-[RuCl2(py)4] e trans-[Ru(NO2)2(py)4]. O composto com NO foi obtido a partir do complexo trans-[Ru(NO2)2(py)4] em ácido clorídrico concentrado e precipitado como sal de PF6-, formando o complexo trans-[RuCl(NO)(py)4](PF6)2½H2O. O trans-[RuCl(NO)(py)4]Cl23H2O foi obtido a partir de uma solução do complexo trans-[RuCl(NO)(py)4](PF6)2.½H2O, adicionando-se uma solução de cloreto de tetrabutilamônio para precipitar o composto na forma de cloreto. Os espectros na região do UV-vis dos complexos trans-[RuCl(NO)(py)4](PF6)2½H2O e trans-[RuCl(NO)(py)4]Cl23H2O apresentaram três bandas nas regiões ao redor de 230 nm, 260nm e 450 nm. Os espectros de infravermelho apresentaram freqüência de estiramento NO entre 1900 e 1925 cm-1, cujo valor variou dependendo das condições em que foram obtidos os espectros. O ciclovoltamograma do composto trans-[RuCl(NO)(py)4](PF6)2½H2O, obtido em solução de acetonitrila, apresentou um processo redox atribuído ao par NO+/0 e um outro processo com E2c = -0,59 V vs Ag/AgCl atribuído à redução do NO0. A atribuição do processo redox com E½ = +0,30 V vs Ag/AgCl foi confirmada através do experimento de espectro eletroquímica na região do infravermelho, onde a banda atribuída ao NO foi diminuindo à medida que o composto ia sendo reduzido. Na espectroeletroquímica na região de UV-vis em acetonitrila foi possível observar uma reação acoplada à redução do composto trans-[RuCl(NO)(py)4](PF6)2½H2O, podendo ser a substituição do NO0 por uma molécula de solvente. O comportamento eletroquímico do composto trans-[RuCl(NO)(py)4]Cl23H2O foi estudado em solução aquosa. O ciclo voltamograma do composto apresentou um processo redox com E½ =+0,13 V vs Ag/AgCl, que é atribuído ao par NO+/0, um processo em +0,25 V e outro em 0,59 V. Dois processos redox dependentes do processo em +0,25 V foram observados nas faixa entre 0,4-0,7 V e podem ser devidos a produtos formados após uma provável saída do Cl- seguido da liberação do NO, como ocorre com o complexo trans-[RuCl(NO)(cyclam)](PF6)2. No estudo da reatividade do ligante NO no complexo trans-[RuCl(NO)(py)4]2+, observou-se que o NO é pouco reativo ao ataque nucleofílico do OH-, apresentando um pKa do equilíbrio entre as espécies nitro e nitrosilo em 11,5 e um Keq = 6,2.104 L2.mol-2. / In this work, the syntheses, characterization and chemical reactivity of trans-[RuCl(NO)(py)4](PF6)2½H2O and trans-[RuCl(NO)(py)4]Cl23H2O were studied. The complexes were isolated and characterizated by elemental analyses UV-vis, infrared and 1H NMR spectroscopies, cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry. [RuCl2(DMSO)4], trans-[RuCl2(py)4] and trans-[Ru(NO2)2(py)4] were used as precursor complexes. The compound with NO ligand was obtained from the reaction of trans-[Ru(NO2)2(py)4] with chloridric acidic, and precipitation with PF6-, resulting in trans-[RuCl(NO)(py)4](PF6)2½H2O. The trans-[RuCl(NO)(py)4]Cl23H2O complex was obtained from a trans-[RuCl(NO)(py)4](PF6)2½H2O acetonitrile solution adding a tetrabutylammonium chloride acetonirile solution. The complex was precipitated as a chloride salt. The UV-vis spectra of trans-[RuCl(NO)(py)4](PF6)2½H2O and trans-[RuCl(NO)(py)4]Cl23H2O displayed three bands around the 230 nm, 260 nm and 450 nm regions. The infrared spectra showed the stretching frequencies NO in the 1900-1925 cm-1 range whose values depend on the conditions with which the spectra were recorded. The cyclic voltammetry of the trans-[RuCl(NO)(py)4](PF6)2½H2O in acetonitrile solutions showed a pair of peaks (E½ = +0.30 V vs Ag/AgCl) corresponding to the NO+/0 redox processes, and other process at E2c = -0.59 V vs Ag/AgCl assigned to NO0 reduction. The assignment of the redox processes was confirmed through infrared spectroelectrochemistry, where the band of NO decreases while the compound was reduced. The UV-vis spectroelectrochemistry in acetonitrile solution, showed a coupled reaction following the trans-[RuCl(NO)(py)4]2+ reduction. This coupled reaction is probably the NO substitution by a solvent molecule. The electrochemical behavior of trans-[RuCl(NO)(py)4]Cl23H2O was studied in aqueous solution. The cyclic voltammetry of this complex displayed a pair of peaks (E½ = +0.13 V vs Ag/AgCl) corresponding to NO+/0 redox processes, a process at -0,25 V and other at 0,59 V. Two other couples dependent on the process at 0.25 V, were observed between +0,4 V and +0,7 V. These may be due to products of the Cl- release followed by the NO release, as occurs in trans-[RuCl(NO)(cyclam)](PF6)2. The trans-[RuCl(NO)(py)4]2+ complex showed a low affinity for OH-, with a pKa of the equilibrium between nitro and nitrosyl species at 11.5 and a Keq = 6.2 x 104 L2.mol-2.

Nature provides fascinating and complicated molecular structures which offer synthetic organic chemists amazing opportunities for the design of new strategies for natural product synthesis. Among these, nitrogen containing aza-heterocycles are of unparalleled importance in natural product, bioorganic, and medicinal chemistry. Pyridine and its derivatives in particular are the most common aza-heterocycles encountered in natural products, medicinal and materials chemistry. Pyridine derivatives also serve as precursors to functionalized piperidines, which are likewise common structural motifs in bioactive and functionalized materials. Thus, developing synthetic methods suitable for the manipulation of pyridine ring systems remains an important objective in synthetic organic chemistry. The functionalization of pyridine derivatives via manipulation at the benzylic position has been investigated. First, the nucleophilicity of the benzylic position of the 4-alkyl pyridine substrates was used to engage in Brønsted acid-catalyzed aldol-like cyclizations with attached carbonyl electrophiles. These conditions afforded substituted pyridines with functionalized lactams. These substrates underwent an unusual dehydration/oxidation reaction when treated with thionyl chloride. In a similar study, 1,2-dialkylimidazoles afforded nucleophilic 2-alkylidene imidazolines upon treatment with an electrophilic activating group such as Boc2O. Positioning a ketone electrophile with in an N1-alkyl side chain results in cyclization at the imidazole 2-position to afford fused ring imidazoles through an aldol-like cyclization reaction. The stereoselective synthesis of a tricyclic analogue of the bis(piperidine) alkaloid xestoproxamine C was also investigated. Dearomatization of a tricyclic pyridine derivative afforded an alkylidene dihydropyridine (anhydrobase) intermediate which was subjected to catalytic heterogeneous hydrogenation to install the correct relative stereochemistry about the bis(piperidine) ring system. Other key features of these model studies included development of an efficient ring-closing metathesis procedure to prepare macrocyclic derivatives of 3,4-disusbstituted pyridines, intramolecular cyclizations of alkylidene dihydropyridines to establish pyridine-substituted pyrrolidines and piperidines, successful homologation of pyridine-4-carboxaldehydes using formaldehyde dimethyl thioacetal monoxide (FAMSO), and application of B-alkyl Suzuki coupling to assemble substituted pyridines. Lastly, a study was done to assess the feasibility of synthesizing one of the two chiral precursors needed for the asymmetric synthesis of xestoproxamine C via enzyme catalyzed transesterification of symmetric 1,3-diols. This resulted in successful transesterification of a symmetric 1,3-diol substrate with high enantioselectivity.

Une multitude de composés organiques présente une structure bicyclique azotée insaturée.Parmi ceux-ci, le motif pyridine-[b]-bicyclique est extrêmement fréquent, et se compose d’unepyridine accolée à un autre cycle aromatique. Cependant, les méthodes de synthèse de cescomposés sont aujourd’hui encore trop spécifiques. Les conditions réactionnelles ne sont pastoujours utilisables, ou ne permettent pas de préparer certains produits spécifiques. Afin des’affranchir de ces limitations, une nouvelle méthode de construction du cycle pyridine à partirdu motif ß–aminoacrylonitrile est proposée dans ce manuscrit, utilisant un alcène activé par unmotif trichlorométhyle.Outre la préparation de ces pyridines-[b]-bicycliques, la réactivité des pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines a été étudiée. Des réactions de fonctionnalisation de fin de synthèse ont étédéveloppées, qui exploitent des procédures basées sur la chimie du palladium. Trois positionsdes pyrazolopyridines ont pu être arylées, permettant d’accéder à de nouveaux composés / Bicyclic unsaturated structures containing one or more nitrogen atom appear in a widerange of organic compounds. In particular, the [b]-fused pyridine is a frequent structural motif,with striking biological activities. However, there is still a lack for general methods, withrespect to the reaction conditions or the scope. In order to override these limitations, a newsynthetic procedure for preparation of the pyridine ring starting from ß–aminoacrylonitrile isproposed. This procedure relies on a trichloromethyl-activated alkene.The reactivity of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine, a subclass of [b]-fused pyridine, have beeninvestigated. Some late-stage functionnalization have been developped, relying on palladiumcatalyzed chemistry. Three positions of the pyrazolopyridine core have been arylated, thusgiving access to new structures

Ce travail décrit la synthèse de ligands donneurs-p à base (pyrrolo)tétrathiafulvalène (PTTF) et leur utilisation comme motif unitaire dans la construction d'architectures auto-assemblées de type polygones moléculaires, ou encore comme récepteurs moléculaires électroactifs. Différentes stratégies de synthèse sont présentées, permettant l'accès à sept motifs PTTF rigides et porteurs de, une, deux ou quatre unités coordinantes pyridyles, dont les positions relatives sont variables. Les caractéristiques géométriques de ces systèmes ont pu être évaluées par diffraction de rayons-X sur les intermédiaires. La préparation de plusieurs complexes ou édifices supramoléculaires incorporant ces unités redox est réalisée grâce à une stratégie d'auto-assemblage assistée par des métaux. Celle-ci s'appuie sur la réaction entre les ligands électroactifs à base PTTF et divers complexes métalliques de palladium, platine ou rhénium. En particulier les complexes plans-carrés de Pd(II) et de Pt(II) dont deux positions cis sont bloquées permettent de générer des édifices à deux unités redox PTTF orthogonales lorsqu'un ligand à un seul site coordinant est utilisé, ou des carrés moléculaires par auto-assemblage d'unités PTTF ditopiques. La cavité générée dans ces macrocycles est tapissée de quatre motifs donneurs-p, chacun réversiblement oxydable en deux étapes monoélectronique en cation-radical puis en dication. Ces structures auto-assemblées sont caractérisées à l'aide de différentes techniques complémentaires (RMN multinoyaux et DOSY, spectroscopies UV-visible et IR, spectrométrie de masse (ESI, ESIFTICR), voltammétrie cyclique). Le potentiel applicatif de ces systèmes, ligands électroactifs à base PTTF, complexes dimériques en coin, ou encore carrés moléculaires est illustré à l'aide de quelques exemples étudiés de manière préliminaire. La synthèse de nouveaux récepteurs moléculaires issus de l'association du motif redox TTF et d'un site coordinant pyridyle, connectés par une jonction imine, est également décrite. La performance du relai imine dans le système conjugué D-p-A s'avère comparable à celles des liens éthyléniques ou acétyléniques correspondants, comme le démontre la modulation du transfert de charge intramoléculaire au sein de ces systèmes, en fonction de l'état libre ou complexé du groupement pyridyle. Cette efficacité se traduit par une double signature du processus de complexation du Pb(II), comme le démontrent les dosages RMN-1H et UVvisible : à la reconnaissance électrochimique habituellement rencontrée pour les récepteurs à base de TTF (variation des potentiels rédox), vient s'ajouter une signature colorimétrique visible à l'oeil nu (changement de couleur en solution).

Despite progress in the metal-catalyzed synthesis of aromatic heterocycles, annulation routes towards 6-membered heterocycles remain underdeveloped. Specifically, routes towards pyridines are rare in spite of the prevalence of this moiety in novel drug candidates. Our initial efforts towards pyridines featured oximes as competent nucleophiles in the intramolecular, 6-exo dig annulation of alkynes using Brønsted acid catalysis. Two of the oxidation states required for subsequent aromatization are contained within the oxime via loss of water. An extension of this chemistry is presented and discussed, and involves the intramolecular metal-catalyzed 6-endo dig annulation of analagous alkynyl-oximes. Additionally, the discovery of a 5-exo dig annulation of related systems is discussed.

Despite progress in the metal-catalyzed synthesis of aromatic heterocycles, annulation routes towards 6-membered heterocycles remain underdeveloped. Specifically, routes towards pyridines are rare in spite of the prevalence of this moiety in novel drug candidates. Our initial efforts towards pyridines featured oximes as competent nucleophiles in the intramolecular, 6-exo dig annulation of alkynes using Brønsted acid catalysis. Two of the oxidation states required for subsequent aromatization are contained within the oxime via loss of water. An extension of this chemistry is presented and discussed, and involves the intramolecular metal-catalyzed 6-endo dig annulation of analagous alkynyl-oximes. Additionally, the discovery of a 5-exo dig annulation of related systems is discussed.

A convenient method for the preparation of hydroxyl lactams via regioselective reduction of N-alkyl-3-sulfonyl glutarimides is described. The useful building block is applied to synthesize polysubstituted pyridin-2-one, tacamonine and deplancheine.

In this study, the surface acidity of Co and/or Pb doped SBA15 mesoporous catalysts were investigated by both diffuse reflectance fourier transform (DRIFT) infrared spectroscopy and transmission mode fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Pyridine was used to identify the Br&oslash / nsted and Lewis acid sites of the surface, at room temperature. From the DRIFT spectrum typical stretching vibrations of isolated terminal silanol (Si-OH) groups were observed for all the catalysts. These silanol group bands dissappeared after pyridine adsorption, indicating that these silanol groups are acidic and serve as chemical adsorption sites for pyridine. Pyridine adsorption on these catalysts revealed that while monometallic additions did not influence the overall acidity of SBA15, in the bimetallic system, characteristic bands due to pyridine adsorption on Co2+ ions were observed.

Synthetic netropsin analogs of the thiophene and pyridine, induce the netropsin analogs binding DNA from A-T base pair change to G-C base pair. Moreover, dendritic electrostatic groups have bulky conformation, which induce the netropsin analogs binding DNA to major groove.

Thèse de doctorat : Chimie organique et macromoléculaire : Lille 1 : 2001. / Bibliogr. p. 195-205.