In an ever-changing and demanding world where short assembly and innovation times are indispensable, it is of paramount importance to ensure that the machinery used throughout the whole process of a product are in their best possible condition. This guarantees that the performance of each machine will be optimal, and hence, the process times will be the shortest possible, while the best quality products are obtained. Moreover, having a machine in an impeccable status permits making the necessary changes to it, in order to fulfil the requirements that a more advanced or complex product may have. Maintenance operations and their corresponding trainings have historically been time-consuming, and a vast amount of information has been transmitted from an expert to a newer operator. This means that there has been the need of working with experienced operators to secure that a good service is provided. However, different technologies like augmented reality (AR) have been shown to have a positive impact in the support and monitoring of operators in industrial maintenance operations.The present project gathers information in regard to the framework of AR, with the aim of supporting and monitoring operators in industrial environments. The proposed method consists on the development of an artefact, which would lead to a possible improvement of the already existing solutions. It is believed that the development of an AR application could grant the necessary aid to any operator in maintenance operations. The result of this suggestion is an AR application which superimposes visual information on the physical equipment.

I takt med att Internethandeln ökar och fler och fler använder smartphones, introduceras alternativa betallösningar på marknaden. En betalmetod som redan är etablerad är SMS-betalning. Med tanke på detta borde inte steget till att använda mobilbetalningstjänster i fysisk butik vara så stort. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka de huvudfaktorer som påverkar användandet av mobilbetalningstjänster i fysiska butiker. Det huvudsakliga perspektivet ligger på användarna av tjänsterna, snarare än de butiker som erbjuder dem. Både kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder har användt. Resultaten är baserade på data från en enkätundersökning, intervjuer och användartester. En intressant upptäckt från enkätundersökningen var att även fast människor har erfarenhet av SMS-betalning så verkar det som att få har vetskap om att mobilbetalningstjänster i fysisk butik existerar och därför inte börjat använda dem. I denna studie presenteras någa förslag på faktorer som kan tas i beaktande för att öka kunskapen och användarfrekvensen. De viktigaste faktorerna tycks vara uppfattad nytta, ekonomiska fördelar, uppfattade risker, standardisering och förenlighet med mäniskors existerande beteendemönser. / As Internet shopping increases and more and more people use smartphones, alternative payment solutions are introduced to the market. One payment method that is already established is SMS payment. Given these developments, mobile payment services in physical stores ought not be far from being adopted. The purpose of this essay is to examine the key factors that influence the use of mobile payment services in physical stores. The main focus is the perspective of the users of the services rather than the stores offering them. Both qualitative and quantitative methods have been applied. The results are based on data from a survey, interviews and usability tests. One interesting survey finding was that even though people have first-hand experience of SMS payment it seems that few people have knowledge of mobile payment services in physical stores, and therefore not adopted them. To increase the knowledge and adopting rate a suggestion of factors that can be taken into consideration is introduced in the study. The most important factors seem to be perceived usefulness, economic advantage, perceived risks, standardization and reconcilability with existing behavioural patterns.

The objective of this thesis is to improve the security for physical paper documents. Providing information security has been difficult in environments that rely on physical paper documents to implement business processes. Our work presents the design of a digital information security system for paper documents, called "CryptoPaper", that uses 2-dimensional codes to represent data and its security properties on paper. A special scanner system is designed for "CryptoPaper" which uses image recognition techniques and cloud-based access control to display plaintext of encrypted and encoded data to authorized users.

This work is dealing with detecting and recongnizing matrix codes. It is experimenting use of PCLines algorithm. PCLines is using Hough transform and parallel coordinates for fast detection of lines. Suggested algorithm with double use PCLines detects sets of parallels and problem with image distorted by with parallel projection is solved by cross-ratio equation. We did some optimizations for realtime running and created experimental implementation. Test results shows, that use PCLines one way to detect matrix codes.

This thesis describes the QR Code detector based on detecting edge lines using Hough Transform and point-to-line parametrization. Generally, the presented method can be also used for detecting different types of matrix codes. This approach searches in the accumulated Hough space for evidence of the matrix code as one compound object. It detects parallel lines by finding a concurrent lines' image groups in the transformed space. It contrasts with the common approach which is first detect the lines and calculate the vanishing point afterwards, which omit much of the useful information stored in the Hough space which can be useful for the detection of vanishing points. The purpose of this thesis is a research of methods which can detect the QR Code in spite of rotation, perspective distortion or uneven illumination. The experimental evaluation shows that the presented algorithm is stable and accurate and is tolerant to high degrees of perspective deformation.

The goal of this thesis is to describe barcodes used in real world applications and to create application for real time detecting and decoding of chosen barcodes using computer vision. Normal linear barcode is first introduced, and then two dimensional matrix barcode is described with focus on its origin, usage and structure. Especially the process of localization, encoding and decoding of QR Code, which is chosen for future use in work, is described mainly. Also briefly description of computer vision and OpenCV library is available. Next the concept and implementation of application for localization and recognition of QR Codes is described. Finally description of testing, evaluation of thesis and ways of improvements are discussed.

El objetivo del presente proyecto de desarrollo de negocios es la creación de la empresa GOGO, la cual se dedica a generar una forma más accesible de pagar tus compras por medio de una app en vez de ir a hacerlas en tiendas físicas, todo esto a través de un aplicativo móvil con el cuál se genera un código QR que se escanea los productos a comprar llevártelos a casa fácilmente. La posibilidad de hacer compras sin generar una pérdida de tiempos colas y evitar tumultos de personas, en estos tiempos de pandemia es muy valioso por lo que, GOGO, es una buena idea de modelo de negocio, igual este proyecto sería imposible satisfacer sin medios tecnológicos que consoliden nuestra propuesta, es por eso que los costos iniciales de constitución, depende en parte a la debida implementación de nuestra plataforma web que podrá ser usada ya sea en sistema IOS o Android. Nuestro segmento es personas de NSE A, B y C de 20 a 50 años, que emplean la tecnología de manera recurrente ya sea mediante celulares, aplicativos móviles y que tienen la necesidad de acortar la espera de pagos al comprar producto. Finalmente, en nuestro análisis financiero realizado como estudio de la empresa tenemos un costo de oportunidad del capital (COK) de 23.83% y un costo promedio ponderado de capital (WACC) de 16.25%. Por lo tanto, podemos concluir que, de acuerdo con los análisis realizados en el presente trabajo, el desarrollo de la empresa GOGO es viable económicamente. / The objective of this business development project is the creation of the GOGO company, which is dedicated to generating a more accessible way to pay for your purchases through an-app instead of going to make them in physical stores, all this through of a mobile application with which a QR code is generated that scans the products to buy and take them home easily. The possibility of making purchases without generating a loss of queuing times and avoiding tumults of people, in these times of pandemic is very valuable so, GOGO, is a good idea of ​​a business model, even this project would be impossible to satisfy without technological means that consolidate our proposal, that is why the initial costs of incorporation depend in part on the proper implementation of our web platform that can be used either in the IOS or Android system. Our segment is people from NSE A, B and C from 20 to 50 years old, who use technology on a recurring basis either through cell phones, etc. and who have the need to shorten the wait for payments when buying a product. Finally, in our financial analysis carried out as a study of the company, we have an opportunity cost of capital (COK) of 23.83% and a weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of 16.25%. Therefore, we can conclude that, according to the analyzes carried out in this work, the development of the GOGO company is economically viable. / Trabajo de investigación

OhSorpresa! es el emprendimiento creado por nuestro equipo de trabajo con fines de lograr un negocio de venta de regalos para cumpleaños, aniversarios u otras ocasiones especiales donde el cliente puede solicitar a través de nuestra tienda virtual los productos que ponemos a disposición del cliente, el cual será enviado en tiempo oportuno acorde al registro realizados por el cliente en la plataforma web. Gracias al análisis de entorno realizado, advertimos que en la ciudad de Lima contamos con un mercado potencial para el comercio electrónico. De acuerdo a nuestra investigación de sectores socio-económicos, el nivel B tiene el poder adquisitivo para adquirir el producto que ofreceremos a los usuarios. A ello debemos agregar que gracias al estudio de mercado basado en encuestas decidimos enfocar nuestros recursos y estrategias en la ciudad de Lima. Con la finalidad de obtener un mejor conocimiento del perfil del cliente al cual nos estamos dirigiendo, realizamos entrevistas a profundidad. Se identificó que parte de público objetivo no tiene certeza al momento de elegir un producto qué regalar, ya sea porque desconoce las preferencias o gustos de las personas o porque busca realizar un regalo que busque satisfacer lo más posible las expectativas de la persona a quien se dirige el regalo, es en ese sentido que consideramos existe una oportunidad para aprovechar. Finalmente, el plan de operaciones plantea eficiencia en nuestros procesos desde la interacción del usuario con nuestra plataforma web hasta que el regalo es entregado en tienda o en su domicilio. / Oh surprise! is the enterprise created by our team for the purpose of achieving a business selling gifts for birthdays, anniversaries or other special occasions where customers can apply through our online store products that we make available to the client, which will sent in a timely manner according to the registration made by the client on the web platform. Thanks to the environmental analysis carried out, we warned that in the city of Lima we have a potential market for electronic commerce. According to our research of socio-economic sectors, level B has the purchasing power to acquire the product that we will offer to users. To this we must add that thanks to the market study based on surveys we decided to focus our resources and strategies on the city of Lima. In order to gain a better understanding of the profile of the client to whom we are addressing, we conduct in-depth interviews. It was identified that part of the target audience has no certainty when choosing a product to give, either because they do not know the preferences or tastes of people or because they seek to make a gift that seeks to satisfy as much as possible the expectations of the person to whom it is direct the gift, it is in that sense we consider there is an opportunity. Finally, the operations plan raises efficiency in our processes from user interaction with our web platform until the gift is delivered in store or at home. / Trabajo de investigación

Endimensionell kod ska fasas ut som informationsbärare i dagligvarubranschen och ersättas med tvådimensionell kod, något som anses kunna leda till ett paradigmskifte enligt GS1. Syftet med studien är att analysera den potentiella påverkan ersättandet av endimensionell kod till tvådimensionell kod kommer ha på orderhanteringsprocessen i dagligvarubutiker. Förändringen antas i sin tur påverka andra processer i butik samt den direkta försörjningskedjan. Studien hade en induktiv ansats och information från GS1 har legat till grund för teorivalen. En digital intervju utfördes för att diskutera aktiviteter som sker i en orderhanteringsprocess. Resultatet från studien visade på att QR-koden i sig inte kommer skapa ett paradigmskifte, mycket kommer att bero på hur QR-koden implementeras och på vilket sätt organisationer drar nytta av informationen som blir tillgänglig. QR-kod (typ 3) kommer inte påverka de nuvarande aktiviteterna i orderhanteringsprocessen nämnvärt, men QR-koden har desto större potential att påverka aktiviteter som indirekt har kopplingar till orderhanteringen. Eftersom den tvådimensionella koden har kapacitet för mer information kan det potentiellt bidra till att varuflöden effektiviseras och att samtliga medlemmar i försörjningskedjan får tillgång till information som skapar affärsnyttor för både leverantör, butik och kund. / One-dimensional code will be phased out in the grocery industry and replaced with two-dimensional code, something that is considered to lead to a paradigm shift according to GS1. The purpose of the study is to analyze the potential impact the replacement of one-dimensional code to two-dimensional code will have on the order fulfillment process in grocery stores. The change is in turn assumed to affect other processes in the store as well as the direct supply chain. The study had an inductive approach, information from GS1 has been the basis for the theories chosen. A digital interview was conducted to discuss activities that take place in an order fulfillment process. The results from the study showed that the QR code itself will not create a paradigm shift, much will depend on what way organizations benefit from the information that becomes available. QR code will not significantly affect the current activities in the order fulfillment process, the QR code has greater potential to affect activities that are indirectly linked to order fulfillment. Two-dimensional code has the capacity for more information, it can potentially contribute to streamlining of product flows and contribute to business benefits for the members of the supply chain.

Quick Response (QR) codes have been used for both non-authentication purposes and authentication & authorization of a user. The visual representation of a QR code requires a reader/decoder to convert the code to a readable resource for an application. This raises some concerns, such as: What kind of information and how much information can be stored in this representation? What kind of vulnerabilities are there when using this technology in some type of authentication? The concrete problem addressed in this thesis is whether a mobile device displaying a QR code can be used as an authenticator for an Axis Communications A8105-E Network Video Door Station. To solve this problem the thesis investigates the use of QR codes in authentication & authorization based upon displaying a QR code on a mobile device, scanning this code via a camera, and then verifying the code using a validation server. Two important issues were what information to put into the QR code (given that the QR code is to be read by a camera) and where the decoding process should be carried out. This thesis also considers multiple types of authentication. Moreover, the system contains multiple components which themselves rely on secure communication and well-designed protocols to ensure security (against popular methods of attack) and stability. A prototype of the proposed authentication process was evaluated using a testbed consisting of three door stations, an Android app, and a backend service for analysing QR codes and making an authentication & authorization decision. QR codes proved to be as secure as the current solutions, such as magnetic stripe or RFID access cards. Using QR codes together with the user’s mobile device also offered additional functionality, such as easy management of the device registration/deregistration and compatibility with multifactor authentication. The conclusion is with the current door station products and the finalized design of the software; it is possible to have a secure and scalable system which is also cost-effective by eliminating the need of human verification as well as equipment required for access card systems. / Quick-Response (QR) koder har använts både för icke autentiseringssyften men även för just autentisering av en användare. Den visuella representationen av en QR-kod behöver en läsare för att kunna omvandla koden till en läsbar resurs för en applikation. Detta leder till frågeställningarna: Vad för information och hur mycket kan man lagra i en QR-kod? Vilka sårbarheter finns det med användningen av denna teknologi inom autentisering? Det konkreta problemet i detta examensarbete är huruvida en mobil enhet som visar en QR-kod kan användas med en Axis Communications A8105-E Network Video Door Station. För att lösa detta problem så undersöker detta arbete användningen av QR-koder inom autentisering baserat på att visa QR koden på den mobila enheten, skanna denna kod med en kamera och validera denna kod med en valideringsserver. Två viktiga frågor var vilken information som skulle lagras i QR-koden samt vart avläsningen av en QR-kod tog plats. Detta arbete undersöker också olika typer av multifaktor autentisering. Systemet består vidare av flera komponenter som förlitar sig på säker kommunikation och väldesignade protokoll sam ger säkerhet (mot de mest populära nätverksattackerna) och stabilitet. Den tänkta autentiseringsprocessens prototyp evaluerades i en testmiljö bestående av tre Door Station, en Android applikation och en backend service för att analysera QR-koder samt hantera autentiserings och behörighetslogik. QR-koder bevisades vara lika säkert som befintliga lösningar som till exempel kort accesskort med magnetremsa och RFID chip. Användning av QR-koder med de mobila enheterna gör dessutom att hantering av registrering/avregistrering av enheterna kan ske på ett enkelt sätt samt även integreras med multifaktor autentisering. Slutsatsen är att med de befintliga Door Station enheterna och den slutgiltiga designen av mjukvaran ger det säkert och skalbart system som dessutom är kostnadseffektivt genom att behovet av en mänsklig verifiering samt de fysiska komponenterna av befintliga accesskortsystem, inte längre finns.