The purpose of this study was to design and test five SNP markers in an inbred chicken cross between Red Junglefowl and domestic White Leghorn of the 8th generation. The markers lie in a region affecting the tonic immobility behaviour which differs significantly between the two species. The markers could be identified by usage of PCR and pyrosequencing. The data obtained were further used in a small scale quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. QTL analysis is a statistical method to link phenotypic traits to genotypic data. Four out of five markers could be genotypes and thereby, made it possible to proceed with the QTL analysis. The results showed that there is no QTL associated with the markers identified. The two flanking markers were closest to a significant difference between genotypes and it is therefore a possibility that a QTL lies close further down or up the searched region. From the line map it is indicated that there is little recombination in the marker region.

Orientadores: Anete Pereira de Souza, Luciana Rossini Pinto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T10:12:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Teixeira_LauraHelenaMarcon_M.pdf: 776155 bytes, checksum: d0c316ee167c455455a616d2024d8eea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) está entre as espécies de maior importância econômica no mundo, constituindo uma das principais fontes de produção de açúcar e álcool. Apesar de o Brasil ocupar posição de destaque, como o maior produtor mundial, os níveis de produtividade são considerados baixos. A obtenção de novas variedades de cana-de-açúcar, mais produtivas e resistentes a pragas e doenças, é um processo que consome vários anos até o lançamento para o plantio comercial. O desenvolvimento de mapas de ligação pode contribuir significativamente para os programas de melhoramento, principalmente na localização de genes associados a características agronômicas de interesse. Os bancos de dados de seqüências expressas (ESTs-database) oferecem uma oportunidade para a construção de mapas funcionais, os quais servem de base para a estratégia de genes candidatos (Candidate-gene approach). O projeto de seqüenciamento de ESTs (SUCEST) do programa Genoma da FAPESP já identificou cerca de 40 mil clusters que representam os genes de cana-de-açúcar. Deste modo, o mapeamento de ESTs pode ser conduzido pela análise do polimorfismo no comprimento de restrição (RFLPs) utilizando os ESTs como sondas de hibridização. Tendo em vista os avanços que serão alcançados no melhoramento genético da cana-de-açúcar com a exploração das informações contidas nos bancos de dados de ESTs, este projeto teve como objetivo mapear ESTs relacionados a genes de interesse em cana-de-açúcar, utilizando-os como sondas em ensaios de RFLP em uma progênie derivada do cruzamento entre duas variedades précomerciais de cana-de-açúcar. Assim é importante ressaltar que o presente projeto complementa um programa de mapeamento genético molecular de duas variedades pré-comerciais de cana-de-açúcar, e outro, de mapeamento de QTL¿s associados a características de interesse agronômico, utilizando como marcadores as seqüências produzidas pelo projeto SUCEST / Abstract: Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is the species that has the greatest economic importance in the world, as it is one of the main sources of sugar and alcohol production. Although Brazil is the biggest producer of this crop - participating with 25% of world production, the productivity levels are considered low. The acquisition of new sugarcane varieties, which are more productive and resistant to plagues and illnesses, is a lengthy process that takes years until the launching of the commercial crops. Linking map development can contribute significantly towards improvement programs, mainly in the localization of genes associated to the agronomical traits of interest. The expressed sequence tag (ESTs) database offers a chance for the construction of functional maps, which serve as a base for the Candidate-gene approach. The EST sequence project (SUCEST) of the FAPESP Genome program has already identified about forty thousand clusters that represent sugarcane genes. In this way, EST mapping can be led by the restriction fragment length polimorfism (RFLPs) analysis using the ESTs as hibridization probes. In view of the advances that will be reached in sugarcane genetic improvement with the exploration of the information contained in the EST database, the aim of this project is to map ESTs related to sugarcane interest genes using them as probes in the RFLP assays in a lineage derived from the crossing between two sugarcane commercial crosses. The present project complements a molecular genetic mapping program; and another QTL mapping, associates the agronomics traits, using the sequences produced for the SUCEST project as markers / Mestrado / Genetica Vegetal e Melhoramento / Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular

Orientadores: Claudio Lopes de Souza Junior, Anete Pereira de Souza / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T11:28:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_MilenadeLunaAlves_D.pdf: 1291219 bytes, checksum: a3a078e58517d0d64e9051437ce18432 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A maior parte dos caracteres de importância agronômica e econômica do milho estão sob o controle de diversos locos gênicos, denominados locos de caracteres quantitativos (QTL). A possibilidade do uso de marcadores moleculares e o aperfeiçoamento dos modelos estatístico-genéticos possibilitaram o mapeamento desses locos gênicos que afetam tais caracteres. Pouco enfoque no estudo de mapeamento de QTL foi dado em populações derivadas do germoplasma do milho tropical, o qual possui uma base genética ampla com maior diversidade do que o germoplasma temperado. Da mesma forma, pouco se conhece sobre as interações dos QTL nos diferentes ambientes (QTL X E). Duzentos e cinqüenta e seis progênies F2:3, derivadas do cruzamento de duas linhagens de milho tropical, foram avaliadas em cinco ambientes. O mapa genético foi desenvolvido com 139 marcadores microssatélites, utilizando o programa MAPMAKER/EXP versão 3.0b. As análises de mapeamento de QTL e a detecção da interação QTL X E foram realizadas utilizando o procedimento JZmapQTL do programa Windows QTL-Cartographer versão 2.5, que se baseia na análise de mapeamento em ambientes múltiplos (mCIM). A extensão total do mapa genético foi de 1.858,61 cM com intervalo médio entre marcadores de 13,47 cM. Dezesseis QTL foram mapeados para produção de grãos, oito para espiga por planta, seis para acamamento, seis para altura de planta, nove para altura de espiga e dois para número de folhas. Os efeitos genéticos dos QTL mapeados apresentaram variação em sinal e magnitude, demonstrando que cada QTL contribui de forma particular para a expressão dos caracteres. A maioria destes QTL apresentou ação gênica sobredominante, e muitos deles também apresentaram significante interação QTL X E. Esses resultados forneceram dados para uma melhor compreensão da arquitetura genética do genoma do milho tropical. Estas informações podem ser utilizadas em programas de seleção assistida dessa espécie, utilizando marcadores moleculares, gerando mais eficiência nos programas brasileiros de melhoramento / Abstract: Most of important agricultural and economical traits in maize are under the control of several gene loci, named quantitative trait loci (QTL). The possibility of using molecular markers and the statistic-genetic models made possible the mapping of these gene loci that affect such traits. Little focus has been given to QTL mapping study in populations derived from tropical maize germplasm, which has a broad genetic base with greater variability than temperate maize germplasm. Also, not much is known about the interaction of QTL in various environments (QTL X E). Two-hundred and fifty-six F2:3 progenies, derived from a crossing between two tropical maize inbred lines, were evaluated in five environments. The genetic map was developed with 139 microsatellite markers, using the software MAPMAKER/EXP version 3.0b. The analyses of QTL mapping and the detection of QTL X E interaction were performed using the Windows QTL-Cartographer version 2.5, JZmapQTL procedure, which is based on multiple-environment joint analysis (mCIM). The genetic map spanned 1,858.61 cM in length with an internal average of 13.47 cM between markers. Sixteen QTL were mapped for grain yield, eight for ears per plant, six for plant lodging, six for plant height, nine for ear height and two for number of leaves. The genetic effects of the mapped QTL presented varied signal and magnitude, displaying that each QTL contributes in a particular way for trait expression. Most of these QTL displayed gene action overdominance, many of them with significant QTL X E interaction detected. These results provide data for a better comprehension of genetic architecture on tropical maize genome. This information can be used in the marker-breeding selection of this species, leading more efficiency to Brazilian breeding programs / Doutorado / Genetica Vegetal e Melhoramento / Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular

京都大学 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(農学) / 乙第13412号 / 論農博第2895号 / 新制||農||1085(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R3||N5322(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科農学専攻 / (主査)教授 冨永 達, 教授 土井 元章, 教授 那須田 周平 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Identifizierung genetischer Faktoren, die das Plasmaproteom regulieren. Die Untersuchungen wurden im Modellsystem einer F2-Kreuzung zweier Inzucht-Mausstämme (FVB.LDLR-/-, C57BL/6.LDLR-/-) durchgeführt, die sich in ihrer Atheroskleroseausprägung unterscheiden. Von jedem der 453 Tiere der F2-Generation wurden Plasmaproteomprofile mittels Massenspektrometrie (MALDI-TOF) generiert. Diese Spektren wurden in zwei unabhängigen Datenanalysen ausgewertet und eine Kopplungsanalyse (QTL-Analyse, quantitative trait loci) der Phänotypen mit jeweils 192 genetischen Markern in jedem der F2-Tiere durchgeführt. So wurden die Datensätze von Proteom und Genom miteinander kombiniert, um Genorte, die mit unterschiedlich regulierten Proteinen in Verbindung stehen, zu identifizieren. Dieser Ansatz ist bisher in der Literatur nicht beschrieben worden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird sowohl die Methodik der statistischen Auswertung als auch die weitere Analyse der generierten Daten beschrieben. Es wurden zahlreiche hochsignifikante Kopplungssignale gefunden, von denen zwei durch die Identifizierung von Proteinen verifiziert werden konnten. Es handelt sich hierbei um das Apo-A2 des HDL auf Chromosom 1 und Hämoglobin subunit alpha auf Chromosom 11. Eine Kolokalisation der gefundenen Proteine mit Loci der Atherosklerosedisposition konnte nicht identifiziert werden. Dieser Ansatz zeigt erstmals, dass eine hypothesenfreie Verbindung proteomischer und genomischer Daten möglich ist und zur Identifizierung genetisch regulierter Plasmaproteine beitragen kann.

The aim of this study was to gain insight into the nature of resistance genes and mechanisms of resistance present in different ascochyta blight (AB) resistant genotypes of lentil to efficiently select non-allelic AB resistance genes mediating different mechanisms of resistance for gene pyramiding. Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from all possible crosses among AB resistant Lens culinaris genotypes CDC Robin, 964a-46, ILL 7537 and ILL 1704 were subjected to allelism tests. Efforts were also made to understand the genetics of resistance in the L. ervoides accession L-01-827A. LR-18, a RIL population from the cross CDC Robin × 964a-46 was subjected to quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping using a comprehensive genetic linkage map previously developed from polymorphic SNPs, SSRs and phenotypic markers. Results of allelism tests suggested that genes conditioning resistance to ascochyta blight in all lentil genotypes were non-allelic. Two complementary recessive resistance genes in L-01-827A were detected. QTL analysis indicated that CDC Robin and 964a-46 were different at two AB resistance QTLs. Histological tests suggested that cell death inhibition in CDC Robin, and reduced colonization of epidermal cells in 964a-46 might be the mechanisms of resistance in these genotypes. Comparing the expression of key genes in the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathways of CDC Robin and 964a-46 suggested that the SA pathway was strongly triggered in 964a-46. However, the JA pathway was triggered in both, but at a lower expression level in 964a-46 than in CDC Robin. RNA-seq analysis revealed a number of candidate defense genes differentially expressed among genotypes with hypothetical actions in different layers of the plant defense machinery. The expression levels of the six candidate defense genes measured by quantitative real-time PCR analysis was correlated with those of RNA-seq. In conclusion, 964a-46 and CDC Robin mediated resistance to ascochyta blight through different resistant mechanisms, making them ideal candidates for resistance gene pyramiding. Gene pyramiding can be accelerated using closely linked markers to CDC Robin and 964a-46 resistance genes identified through QTL analysis.

Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Identifizierung genetischer Faktoren, die das Plasmaproteom regulieren. Die Untersuchungen wurden im Modellsystem einer F2-Kreuzung zweier Inzucht-Mausstämme (FVB.LDLR-/-, C57BL/6.LDLR-/-) durchgeführt, die sich in ihrer Atheroskleroseausprägung unterscheiden. Von jedem der 453 Tiere der F2-Generation wurden Plasmaproteomprofile mittels Massenspektrometrie (MALDI-TOF) generiert. Diese Spektren wurden in zwei unabhängigen Datenanalysen ausgewertet und eine Kopplungsanalyse (QTL-Analyse, quantitative trait loci) der Phänotypen mit jeweils 192 genetischen Markern in jedem der F2-Tiere durchgeführt. So wurden die Datensätze von Proteom und Genom miteinander kombiniert, um Genorte, die mit unterschiedlich regulierten Proteinen in Verbindung stehen, zu identifizieren. Dieser Ansatz ist bisher in der Literatur nicht beschrieben worden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird sowohl die Methodik der statistischen Auswertung als auch die weitere Analyse der generierten Daten beschrieben. Es wurden zahlreiche hochsignifikante Kopplungssignale gefunden, von denen zwei durch die Identifizierung von Proteinen verifiziert werden konnten. Es handelt sich hierbei um das Apo-A2 des HDL auf Chromosom 1 und Hämoglobin subunit alpha auf Chromosom 11. Eine Kolokalisation der gefundenen Proteine mit Loci der Atherosklerosedisposition konnte nicht identifiziert werden. Dieser Ansatz zeigt erstmals, dass eine hypothesenfreie Verbindung proteomischer und genomischer Daten möglich ist und zur Identifizierung genetisch regulierter Plasmaproteine beitragen kann.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.