Orientador: Helena Redigolo Pezza / Coorientador: Leonardo Pezza / Banca: Fernando César Crnkovic / Banca: Matthieu Tubino / Resumo: Este projeto descreve o desenvolvimento de um método analítico para a determinação quantitativa de furosemida em amostras de urina, o desenvolvimento de um novo método de coleta e de análise de resíduos de armas de fogo para a posterior determinação quantitativa de chumbo coletado nas mãos dos atiradores, nos lugares de impacto e nos cartuchos de munição. O método para determinação de chumbo também foi aplicado para amostras de cachaças. Atualmente sabe-se que a realidade dos laboratórios forenses é muito diferente daquelas mostradas nas séries e filmes. São muito poucos aqueles que disponibilizam de equipamentos mais sensíveis que são, consequentemente, mais caros. Visto este problema, o presente trabalho visa desenvolver métodos simples, rápidos, de baixo custo, repetitíveis e mais limpos utilizando a técnica da espectroscopia de reflectância difusa. Os métodos desenvolvidos consistem na reação da furosemida com o regente cromogênico cloreto de ferro(III) (FeCl3) em meio micelar de brometo de dodeciltrimetilamônio (DTAB) e na reação do íon chumbo(II) (Pb2+) com rodizonato de sódio (ROD) em meio micelar de dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS), cujas concentrações foram otimizadas por planejamentos quimiométricos. As reações foram realizadas na forma de spot test, utilizando papel de filtro qualitativo da marca Whatman como suporte sólido, envolvendo a formação de um produto colorido em 477 nm para a furosemida e 545 nm para o chumbo. As curvas analíticas foram construídas a partir de soluções padrão de furosemida (FUR) e de Pb2+. O Limite de Detecção (LD) e o Limite de Quantificação (LQ) foram, respectivamente, 0,49 e 1,62 mmol L-1 para a furosemida e 1,12 e 3,75 ppm para o chumbo, de acordo com o recomendado pela IUPAC. Os métodos propostos foram aplicados... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This project describes the development of an analytical method for the quantitative determination of furosemide in urine samples, the development of a new collection and analysis method of gunshot residues and the subsequent quantitative determination of the lead collected from the shooter's hand, in the impact sites and in the rounds of ammunition. The method for lead detection was also applied for cachaça. Nowadays it is known that the reality in forensic laboratories is very different of that seen in series and movies. There are few laboratories which have more sensible equipments, being more expensive. Having in mind this problem, the present work aims the development of methods that are simple, fast, cheap, repeatable and cleaner using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The developed methods consists in the reaction of furosemide with the chromogenic reagent iron(III) chloride (FeCl3) in a micellar medium of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and in the reaction of lead ion (Pb2+) with sodium rhodizonate (ROD) in a micellar medium of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), which concentrations were optimized by chemometrics. The reactions were realized as spot test using Whatman qualitative filter paper as a solid support, involving the formation of a colored product in 477 nm for furosemide and 545 nm for lead ion. The analytical curves were constructed from standard solutions of furosemide and lead. The Limit of Detection (LoD) and the Limit of Quantification (LoQ) were, respectively, 0,49 and 1,62 mmol L-1 for furosemide and 1,12 and 3,75 ppm for lead, accordingly to the recommendations of IUPAC. The proposed methods were applied for the determination of furosemide in synthetic and human urine and for the determination of lead in gunshot residues (GSRs) and in commercial sugar cane brandy, with the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Resumo: Este trabalho contempla a preparação e a caracterização estrutural, térmica e morfológica de novas espécies de paládio (II), discretas e multidimensionais, usando o complexo [PdCl2(CH3CN)2] como material de partida. Visando obter sólidos de coordenação porosos, foram utilizados como ligantes os espaçadores lineares nitrogenados 4,4'-bipiridina (4,4'-bipy), trans-1,2-bis(4-piridil)etileno (bpe) e pirazina (pz), além dos grupos dicarboxilatos oxalato e fumarato. Foram obtidas duas séries de compostos, [Pd2(μ-ox)(ox)(L)]n (1-3) e [Pd(μ-fum)(μ-L)]n.nH2O (4-6) (ox = oxalato; fum = fumarato; L = 4,4'-bipy, bpe, pz). As hipóteses estruturais mais prováveis para essas metalosupramoléculas envolvem a formação de espécies octanucleares contendo cavidades quadradas e grades 2D retangulares, respectivamente. Curvas TG/DSC permitiram o estabelecimento da ordem de estabilidade térmica e a confirmação das estequiometrias propostas para os compostos obtidos. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura permitiu averiguar as características morfológicas das partículas dos compostos, bem como inferir a presença de poros nos mesmos. Foram realizados, então, ensaios de adsorção de nitrogênio e de porosimetria de mercúrio, onde pode ser observado que as dimensões das cavidades ou canais formados nas estruturas das supramoléculas podem ser manipuladas pela escolha adequada do tamanho ou funcionalidade do espaçador. / Abstract: This work deals with the synthesis and structural, thermal and morphological characterization of novel, discrete and multidimentional, palladium(II) species using the complex [PdCl2(CH3CN)2] as starting material. In order to obtain porous coordination solids, the linear N-based spacers, 4,4'-bipyridine (4,4'-bipy), trans-1,2-bis(4- pyridil)ethylene (bpe) and pyrazine (pz), as well the dicarboxylate groups, oxalate and fumarate, were utilized as ligands. Two series of compounds were obtained, [Pd2(μ- ox)(ox)(L)]n (1-3) and [Pd(μ-fum)(μ-L)]n.nH2O (4-6) (ox = oxalate; fum = fumarate; L = 4,4'- bipy, bpe, pz). The more probable structural hypothesis for these metallosupramolecules includes the formation of octanuclear species containing square cavities and 2D retangular grids, respectively. TG/DSC curves allowed the proposition of a thermal stability order and the confirmation of the proposed stoichiometric composition for the obtained compounds. MEV micrographies permitted to investigate the morphologic characteristics of the particles of the compounds, as well to infer about the presence of the porous in these systems. Mercury porosimetry and nitrogen adsorption experiments were then carried out, in which it was possible to observe that the dimentions of the cavities or canals of the supramolecules can be manipulated by the convenient choice of the size or the functionality of the spacer. / Orientador: Regina Célia Galvão Frem Di Nardo / Coorientador: Antonio Eduardo Mauro / Coorientador: Adelino Vieira de Godoy Netto / Banca: Luiz Antonio Andrade de Oliveira / Banca: Vera Regina Leopoldo Constantino / Mestre

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A high-priority line research in Analytical Chemistry is the development of methods and techniques that increase the automatization degree and, therefore, reduce the human participation in the analysis procedures. The demand of information makes necessary the development of simple, cheap, fast and clean methodologies. This Doctoral Thesis was devoted to develop new and automated systems for pesticide analysis on samples of environmental interest. To achive this goal we studied an analytical strategy based on Multicommutation, luminescence (chemiluminescence and fluorescence) and photodegradation. To implement the analytical objectives we also applied the Molecular Connectivity to predict the luminescent behaviour of organic molecules. This Doctoral Thesis combines a new, cost-effective and sensitive analytical strategy for the determination of pesticides based on:- Multicommutation, an automatic methodology by using solenoid valves device,- Luminescence as high sensitive detection technique and,- Photodegradation as a simple derivative mean of analytes, And a way to predict the luminescent properties of organic molecules by using the Molecular Connectivity. All together would be useful in the future help in the search and selection of new structures with theoretical luminescent or others interesting properties.