Please read the abstract in the front section of this document / Dissertation (MSc (Water Utilization))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Chemical Engineering / unrestricted

The water quality characteristics of various lake classifications are discussed and are related to the natural physical and biological development of lakes. The impact of human activity on this natural trend is considered. The results of an extensive literature search are presented, discussing seasonal variations in water quality in fresh water lakes. Methods of altering water quality are outlined, with particular emphasis on the artificial elimination of summer thermal stratification. Results of observations made of Osoyoos Lake during the summers of 1969 and 1970 are presented. Tests of an aeration installation in the lake are reported and discussed. Laboratory investigations into the mechanisms of destratification are described. Simulation of thermal stratification was achieved through the use of a fresh water-salt water system. Three destratification devices were tested under various stratification conditions and their energy requirements are compared. Discussion of the results includes some comments on the reliability of stability and energy criteria for the evaluation of such devices. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Civil Engineering, Department of / Graduate

This study examines the existing practice and legislative base for water quality management at both federal and provincial levels in British Columbia and shows that the movement toward preventative-management presently underway will lead to increasing demands for systems oriented data and methods of interpreting this data for planning purposes. An information framework is developed for stream-quality assessment of flowing surface waters based on a one-dimensional representation of the water system, a finite segment approach to data organization, and a combination dilution model/ materials balance approach to system simulation and analysis. The approach is designed to use available data and the framework is computerized. The analysis framework is applied to the main stem of the Fraser River above Hope. Although a large amount of data has been collected in this watershed, diverse agency objectives and lack of co-ordination in data collection programs limits the analysis to ten river segments and nine water quality parameters; flow, pH, temperature, specific conductance, dissolved sodium, suspended solids, total iron, total managanese, and total copper. Using the best data presently available, data gaps, in-stream behavior, assimilative capacity estimates based on standards and quality changes induced by development are discussed for several of these parameters as an illustration of the framework's use as a research and planning tool. Water quality data collected during 1976 for regulatory and system surveillance purposes were assembled and used to simulate the behavior of conservative materials or to quantify the observed deviation from conservative behavior. These deviations identify and assist analysis of the aggregate quality influences of non-specific source inputs and/or in-stream transformation processes. They also allow limited prediction of the water quality changes associated with water and related resource developments. The study shows that very little data has been collected in the upper reaches of the Fraser main stem, that unaccounted dilution can have as great an effect on water quality as accounted material inputs, that grab samples are not adequate representations of mean monthly quality, that quality degradation from industrial discharge below Prince George is largely offset "by the dilution influence of the Nechako River, and that a scouring followed by downstream deposition phenomenon can he observed through a materials balance analysis. Also, it is shown that new waste loads and dams can have a significant effect on quality. It is recommended that the approach developed here be adopted as an aid to water quality management, surveillance network design and data interpretation. A joint federal/provincial committee should be established under the Canada Water Act to co-ordinate management effort. The provincial government should establish a water resource planning component in the Environment and Land Use Committee Secretariat' to develop planning procedures and integrate these procedures with land use planning. A pilot water resource management study should begin in each resource management region of the province. Future work should concentrate on the development of water quality standards and mechanisms of public input to water resource planning studies. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

D.Comm. / This thesis deals with the challenges posed to management to ensure that quality services are provided to customers and investigates the approaches management should adopt.

The principles of Total Quality Management (TQM), initially designed to effect continuous improvement in the business sector, have been successfully applied in educational settings. Hence, this study was undertaken to explore educator participation in the implementation of a TQM Strategy at selected academically underperforming secondary schools in the Moses Kotane Area to address shortfalls. A literature review on TQM provided a conceptual framework for the empirical inquiry. Special attention was given to the role of educators in TQM implementation. The empirical study used qualitative research methods to explore the use of TQM in fifteen schools selected by purposive sampling. Observation, document analysis and focus group interviews were used to gather data. The findings indicate that educators regard TQM as an improvement tool; however, they hold negative and positive views about TQM. Finally, recommendations were made to enhance the implementation of TQM in underperforming secondary schools in the Moses Kotane Area.

No description available.

No description available.

To optimize the placement of stormwater management systems, a Radio Shack BASIC computer program "SELECT" was written. The program selects locations for berms, detention ponds, retention ponds, and underground percolation tanks based upon minimum marginal cost (totally present value cost per pound of nutrient removed annually). Either nitrogen or phosphorus can be chosen as the selected nutrient. The selections occur until the desired percentage removal is obtained. Five output tables show the results of the selection process. The computer model was used to evaluate stormwater management locations for the Lake Tohopekaliga watershed in Florida. Input data consisting of soil types, land costs, and construction costs were obtained. "SELECT" was run to determine stormwater management locations for different nitrogen and phosphorus percentage removals. Sensitivity analyses upon land costs, nutrient loading, and removal efficiencies for the 45 percent removal cases of nitrogen and phosphorus were evaluated.

M.Ing. / The management of quality in companies has become more and more strategically important over recent years. The emphasis on quality is vital to managing projects and achieving excellence in today’s global economy. Modern petrochemical construction project management has incorporated quality management principles and initiatives in their activities. The Quality Management System is used to ensure that the project will satisfy the requirements for which it was undertaken. Improving project quality in construction requires consideration of culture within the project environment that is often associated with miscommunication and fragmentation. The focus of the thesis is to examine how quality culture can improve the quality in organisation and influence the implementation of Quality Management System in construction industry. The dissertation will comprise of extensive survey of the local academic literature and South African press reports concerning state of construction industry. A questionnaire conducted amongst professionals working in petrochemical industry is aimed to determine the impact of organisational culture on the successful implementation of quality management systems. The objective of this dissertation is to identify inefficiencies and possible improvements that can be achieved in current quality management systems. The dissertation concluded that an improvement in the quality management and quality of construction can only be achieved if quality is embedded in the entire operational and managerial processes of its organizations. The thesis recommends that the South African construction industry would benefit from the development of quality culture that fosters deeper human relationships to improve quality management.

by Chan Chun Wai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-137). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vi / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.ix / PREFACE --- p.x / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.6 / Definition of Terms --- p.6 / Definition of Quality --- p.6 / Definition of Total Quality Management --- p.7 / "Comparison of Quality Management Approaches of Deming, Juran and Crosby" --- p.9 / Deming's Approach to Quality Management --- p.9 / Juran's Approach to Quality Management --- p.10 / "Crosby,s Approach to Quality Management" --- p.11 / Evaluation of Quality Management Frameworks --- p.12 / International Quality Standards --- p.12 / The Deming Prize --- p.14 / The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award --- p.15 / Selection of Quality Management Framework --- p.17 / Past Research on the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Criteria --- p.20 / Chapter III. --- THE CONCEPTUAL RESEARCH MODEL AND RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS --- p.23 / The Conceptual Research Model --- p.23 / Research Hypothesis --- p.25 / Chapter IV. --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY --- p.34 / Research Design --- p.34 / Questionnaire Design --- p.34 / Identification and Selection of Measurement Items in the Questionnaire --- p.34 / Measurement Method --- p.37 / Pretest and Refinement of the Questionnaire --- p.38 / Data Collection --- p.39 / Respondent Characteristics --- p.41 / Adjustment of Industry Effect --- p.44 / Chapter V. --- STATISTICAL ANALYSIS --- p.48 / Analysis of Construct Reliability --- p.48 / Analysis of Validity --- p.49 / Content Validity --- p.50 / Construct Validity --- p.51 / Analysis of Structural Equation Model --- p.51 / Analysis of Overall Model Fitness --- p.53 / Analysis of Measurement Model --- p.54 / Analysis of Structural Model --- p.55 / Path Analysis --- p.56 / Hypothesis Testing --- p.58 / Chapter VI. --- REFORMULATION OF THE MODEL --- p.67 / Chapter VII. --- DISCUSSION --- p.72 / The Measurement Model --- p.72 / The Structural Model --- p.78 / Chapter VIII . --- CONCLUSION --- p.89 / TABLE 1-25 --- p.92 / FIGURE 1-6 --- p.122 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.128 / APPENDIX --- p.138