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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Biometrical Analyses of Epistasis and the Relationship between Line per se and Testcross Performance of Agronomic Traits in Elite Populations of European Maize (Zea mays L.)

Mihaljević, Renata, January 2005 (has links)
Hohenheim, Univ., Diss., 2005. / Aus: Congruency of quantitative trait loci detected for agronomic traits in testcrosses of five populations of European maize.2004.Crop Sci. 44:114-124. and QTL correspondence between line per se and testcross performance for agronomic traits in four populations of European maize.Crop Sci. 45:114-122.
12

Molekulargenetische Charakterisierung und Lokalisierung der Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen die nichtparasitäre Blattverbräunung bei Sommergerste

Behn Günther, Anita Pía. Unknown Date (has links)
Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2003--München.
13

QTLs for oil content and their relationships to other agronomic traits in an European x Chinese oilseed rape population

Zhao, Jianyi. Unknown Date (has links) (PDF)
University, Diss., 2002--Göttingen.
14

Detecção de QTLs em famílias de meios-irmãos por meio de genes idênticos por descendência, utilizando simulação / Detection of QTLs in half-sibs' families through genes identical by descent, using simulation

Souza, Gustavo Henrique de 26 February 2003 (has links)
Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2017-06-02T18:29:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 833197 bytes, checksum: 92d433a566994e81ac536f8a48cbe728 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-02T18:29:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 833197 bytes, checksum: 92d433a566994e81ac536f8a48cbe728 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-02-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Para muitas espécies de animais domésticos, árvores frutíferas perenes e especialmente seres humanos, a formação de linhagens endogâmicas é impraticável, sendo uma alternativa para o mapeamento de QTL a execução de análises de marcadores moleculares entre famílias existentes dentro de uma população segregante. O procedimento de mapeamento por intervalo baseado em modelo aleatório foi aplicado para estudar a robustez e propriedades no mapeamento de QTL, em populações simuladas, constituídas de famílias de meios-irmãos, variando o número de famílias, o tamanho da família , o número de alelos do QTL e a percentagem da variância genética explicada pelo QTL. As famílias de meios-irmãos foram simuladas considerando um segmento cromossômico de 100 cM, com seis marcadores igualmente distribuídos no cromossomo, a intervalos de 20 cM, com seis alelos de mesma freqüência. O número de alelos do suposto QTL foi de 2, 4, 6 ou 10, sempre com as mesmas freqüências. O número de famílias foi de 10 ou 100 e os tamanhos de famílias foram de 25 ou 50 com 10, 50 ou 100 % da proporção da variância genética devida ao QTL. Sob o modelo aleatório, a localização e os componentes de variância foram estimados, usando o método da máxima verossimilhança. As estimativas dos parâmetros foram baseadas na metodologia de pares de irmão. A proporção de genes idênticos por descendência (IBD) do QTL foi estimada pelo algoritmo proposto por MARTINEZ e VUKASINOVIC (2000). Na estimação dos parâmetros do QTL, que são a localização e os componentes de variância observou-se pouca influencia do número de alelos do QTL, sendo a proporção da variância genética devida ao QTL e ao número de indivíduos analisados, o que mais influenciou nas estimativas. Quando havia apenas 10 famílias, as estimativas de localização dos componentes de variância do QTL e da variância poligênica foram sempre viesadas. O mapeamento por intervalo estabelecido em modelos aleatórios em populações de meios-irmãos para a identificação de QTL parece não ser apropriado para investigar a presença de QTL, quando existem apenas 10 famílias com 25 ou 50 filhos. O número de alelos do QTL parece não influenciar na estimação da localização ou na estimação dos componentes de variância. O método indicou corretamente o intervalo do suposto QTL. Por ser simples e robusto, o modelo aleatório pode ser recomendado para a varredura rápida do genoma, aplicando-se, em seguida, análises mais refinadas no intervalo em que for indicada a existência de um suposto QTL. O modelo aleatório não consegue separar eficientemente a variância poligênica e as variâncias dos QTLs, propondo-se o uso de métodos mais sofisticados para estimar as variâncias devidas ao QTL. / For many species of domestic animals, perennial fruit trees and especially in human beings, the formation of inbred lines is impracticable, being an alternative for the mapping of QTL the execution of analyses of molecular markers among existent families of a outbred population. The mapping procedure by interval based on random model was applied to study the robustness and properties in the mapping of QTL in simulated populations of half-sibs families, varying the number of families, the family size, number of QTL allele and the percentage of the genetic variance explained by QTL. The half-sibs families were simulated considering a chromosomal segment of 100 cM, with six markers equally distributed in the chromosome at intervals of 20 cM, with six allele of same frequency. The number of allele of the putative QTL was 2, 4, 6 or 10 allele, always with the same frequencies. The number of families was 10 or 100 and the sizes of families were 25 or 50 with 10, 50 or 100% of the proportion of the genetic variance due to QTL. Under the random model the location and the variance components were estimated using the maximum likelihood method. The estimates of the parameters were based on the brother's pairs methodology. The proportion of identical-by- descent (IBD) of QTL was estimated by the algorithm proposed by MARTINEZ and VUKASINOVIC (2000). In the estimate of the QTL parameters, which are location and variance components, it was observed little influences of the number of allele of QTL being the proportion of the genetic variance due to QTL and the number of analyzed individuals what more influenced in the estimates. When there had been only 10 families, the location estimates of the components of QTL variance and polygenic variance were always biased. The mapping by interval based on random models in half-sibs populations for the identification of QTL is not appropriate to investigate the presence of QTL when there are only 10 families with 25 or 50 children. The number of allele of QTL does not influence in the estimate of the location or in the estimate of the variance components. The method indicated correctly the interval of the putative QTL. Since it is simple and robust, the random model can be recommended for a fast sweeping of the genome, being applied, soon after, more refined analyses in the interval that the existence of a putative QTL is indicated. The random model is not able to separate the polygenic variance and the QTL variance efficiently, being proposed the use of more sophisticated methods to estimate the variances due to QTL. / Dissertação importada do Alexandria
15

Polymorphism of WRKY factors in corn inbred lines carrying aflatoxin resistance quantitative trait loci

Awasthi, Akanksha 30 April 2021 (has links) (PDF)
Aflatoxin is a highly carcinogenic secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus flavus contributing to significant loss of corn production. There are several breeding techniques to make the corn resistant to aflatoxin accumulation with the genotype having desirable characters. Corn- resistant inbred line Mp313E provides resistance against A. flavus. Near-isogenic lines containing QTLs were developed by backcrossing Mp313E (resistant parent) and Va35 (susceptible parent). WRKY transcription factors play an important role in the growth and development of plants. Searching DNA markers associated with these WRKY genes is a considerable approach for the plant breeders. In this study, PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis methods were used to determine the polymorphic WRKY gene DNA markers associated with aflatoxin reduction quantitative trait loci in maize. The analysis revealed 26 polymorphic maize WRKY genes. Computational 3D models of these WRKY genes were predicted. Virtual 2D plot was made for these WRKY proteins to determine their position.
16

Sources naturelles de la résistance contre les nématodes à galles Meloidogyne javanica chez la plante modèle Arabidopsis thaliana. / Natural sources of resistance against root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne javanica in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana

Mukhaimar, Maisara 25 March 2015 (has links)
Les nématodes phytoparasites constituent une menace réelle pour la production alimentaire mondiale. Ils sont responsables de 14% des pertes de rendement de la production alimentaire globale, ce pourcentage est l’équivalent de 100 milliards de dollar américain par an. La lutte contre ces phytoparasites est devenue un défit majeur, notamment après l'interdiction de l'utilisation du nématicide le plus efficace, en raison de ses effets nocifs sur l’environnement. Par conséquent, des nouvelles sources pour la gestion des nématodes phytoparasites sont nécessaires et urgentes. Ce travail vise à déterminer si la plante modèle Arabidopsis thaliana pourrait servir comme une source naturelle de gènes de la résistance aux nématodes phytoparasites. Parmi des accessions d’Arabidopsis, on a trouvé une variation génétique naturelle de la résistance contre les nématodes à galles Meloidogyne javanica, on a également identifié plusieurs QTL de résistance aux nématodes, et finalement, on a réalisé une cartographie fine d’un des QTL détectés. / Plant-parasitic nematodes are a serious threat for global food production. They are responsible for 14% of global yield loss, equivalent to an economic value of more than 100 billion US$ per year. Pest management is challenging, in particular since the most efficient nematicide has been banned due to its devastating effect on the environment. Hence, novel sources for nematode management are urgently required. This work investigates whether the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana could serve as a natural source for resistance genes against plant-parasitic nematodes. It finds natural genetic variation among Arabidopsis accessions for resistance against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica, identifies several QTL for nematode resistance, and fine-maps one of these resistance QTL.
17

Análise genômica de associação global e prospecção de genes relacionados à características de tipo de bubalinos leiteiros /

Guzman, Jessica Lorena Gonzalez January 2017 (has links)
Orientador: Humberto Tonhati / Resumo: No primeiro capítulo foi proposto um estudo de associação das informações genômicas com características de tipo, a fim de identificar regiões cromossômicas e genes possivelmente relacionados à altura, peso, crescimento e fatores de conformação corporal. Utilizou-se um painel de 49.010 marcadores SNPs (322 animais) conjuntamente com informações de pedigree (674 animais). As analises foram processadas através do programa Blup.f90, utilizando-se a metodologia de single-step (ssGBLUP). Somente as janelas com 10 SNPs adjacentes e que explicavam acima de 1,5% de variância genética aditiva, foram considerados. Os genes SYT10, GKAP1, C9orf64 e PHLPP1 foram identificados para a característica altura da cernelha (ALTC) e apresentam influência para crescimento, altura e desenvolvimento ósseo. Também foi reportado um QTL para ALTC influenciando crescimento e fertilidade. Foram encontrados SNPs localizados em regiões cromossômicas que ainda não foram previamente descritos com QTL para as características em estudo em búfalos. No segundo capítulo, foram estimados os parâmetros genéticos/genômicos para as características produção de leite acumulada aos 305 dias (PLDC) e caracteristicas de tipo altura da cernelha (ALTC), altura da garupa (ALTG), comprimento do corpo (COMPC), comprimento da garupa (COMPG), Largura entre os íleos (LILE), Largura entre os ísquios (LISQ) e perímetro torácico (PERTOR) em búfalos da raça Murrah utilizando modelos bicaracterísticos. As estimativas de herdabilidade f... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In the first chapter we proposed a study of the association of genomic information with type characteristics, in order to identify chromosomal regions and genes possibly related to height, weight, growth and body conformation factors. Were used one panel of 49,010 SNPs markers (322 animals) together with pedigree information (674 animals). The analyzes were processed through the Blupf90 program, using the singlestep methodology (ssGBLUP). Only the windows with 10 adjacent SNPs and, that explained above 1.5% of additive genetic variance, were considered. The genes SYT10, GKAP1, C9orf64 and PHLPP1 were identified for the characteristic height of the withers (ALTC) and presented influence on growth height and bone development. It has also been reported a QTL for ALTC influencing growth and fertility. SNPs were found located in chromosomal regions which have not previously been described with QTL for the characteristics under study in buffaloes. In the second chapter, were estimated the genetic / genomic parameters for the characteristics accumulated milk production at 305 days (AMP) and characteristics of the withers height (WH), croup height (CH), body length (BL), croup length (CL), Width between hip bones (WBHB), Width between pin bones (WBPB) and thoracic perimeter (TP) in Murrah buffaloes using characteristic models. Genetic correlations were 0.603 between AMP and WH, 0.898 between WBHB and BL, 0.867 betwwen AMP and CL, 0.887 between AMP and TP, 0.774 between WBHB and WBPB,... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
18

Mapeamento e caracterização de microssatélites derivados de sequências expressas (EST) e análise de coincidência de QTL em Eucalyptus spp. em ambientes contrastantes / Mapping and characterization of microsatellites derived from EST and analysis of coincidence of QTL in Eucalyptus in contrasting environments

Sena, Juliana Stival 06 August 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:42:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 3353732 bytes, checksum: c5790f6e05ae09dfbd6df05a41f56053 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The first part of this work involved the development and genetic mapping of a new battery of microsatellites for Eucalyptus derived from ESTs. Screening of 232 microsatellites derived from ESTs was carried out using a panel of 12 individuals corresponding to the parents used for population development in the Genolyptus project. Among the successfully amplified loci, 78% were polymorphic and showed complete inter-specific transferability. Thirty six loci were selected for mapping based on the amplicon size (< 400 pb), repeat motif and positive BLAST with interesting genes in public databases. With the objective of mapping, 36 loci were evaluated with regard to polymorphism and segregation in a reference segregating population derived from a cross between E. grandis x E. urophylla. The proportion of loci segregating in a fully informative configuration was about 40% lower than the one seen for microsatellites derived from genomic-enriched libraries. In spite of a relatively lower genetic information content, these loci are interesting for mapping, as they correspond to genes, allowing comparative mapping and potential co-location with QTL. Among the informative loci, 20 were successfully mapped in the particular reference mapping population. These mapped loci were characterized for polymorphism information content. Although EST derived microsatellites are generally less informative than those derived from non coding genomic regions they can be effectively used for individual identification, paternity analysis, evaluation of genetic diversity, certification of controlled crosses, genetic mapping and marker-assisted selection. In the second part of this work the coincidence in QTL detection was investigated by comparing the position and magnitude of effect of QTLs for wood and growth properties in three partially connected segregating populations of Eucalyptus spp. in two contrasting environments (Guanhães-MG and Guaíba-RS) over 3,000 km apart in a north-south latitude gradient. The families studied were: (E. camadulensis) x (E. urophilla x E. globulus), C1 x UGL, (E. dunnii x E. grandis) x (E. urophylla x E. globulus), DG x U2, and (E. dunnii x E. grandis) x (E. uropyilla), DG x UGL. Microsatellite markers flanking QTLs mapped in previous studies in these three families in Guaíba-RS were selected for the coincidence study. These markers were mapped using different sets of individuals from the same three families planted in Guanhães-MG. QTLs for eight quantitative traits related to wood and growth properties were studied. Two QTL (height and depth of pilodyn penetration, i.e. wood density) were detected in common for the two environments in the UGL parent (cross C1 x UGL); two (lignin content and pulp yield) in parents DG and U2 respectively (cross DG x U2) and four QTLs (two for diameter at breast height, one for height and one for volume), two of them colocalized with QTLs for biologically correlated traits (r > 0.8), in the parent UGL (cross DG x UGL). Furthermore, three QTLs (diameter at breast height, height and pilodyn penetration depth) located on linkage group 6 of the parent UGL were stable across the different genetic backgrounds and environments. Results indicate that QTLs of major effect for wood property traits are consistently detected in contrasting environments and/or different genetic backgrounds, suggesting that environmental variability and genetic background did not have a detectable impact on the action of the genes or genomic regions underlying these QTL, while other QTLs detected only in one of the environments are possibly under strong environmental interaction. These novel results are relevant, given that they provide target regions for marker assisted selection within families and starting point for association genetics studies. / No primeiro capítulo desta tese, foi desenvolvido e geneticamente mapeado um novo conjunto de microssatélites para Eucalyptus spp. derivados de EST (Expressed Sequence Tag). Foi feita uma triagem de 232 microssatélites derivados de EST utilizando-se um painel de 12 indivíduos correspondendo aos parentais das populações segregantes do projeto Genolyptus. Dentre os locos amplificados com sucesso, 78% foram polimórficos e apresentaram um nível elevado de transferibilidade interespecífica. Trinta e seis locos foram selecionados para mapeamento com base no tamanho dos segmentos amplificados (< 400 pb), motivos de repetição e BLAST positivo com genes de interesse em bancos públicos de dados. Com o objetivo de mapeamento, os 36 locos foram avaliados quanto ao polimorfismo e a segregação em uma população de referência envolvendo os parentais E. grandis x E. urophylla, verificando-se que a quantidade de locos totalmente informativos foi cerca de 40% menor quando comparados com microssatélites derivados de bibliotecas genômicas enriquecidas. Apesar da menor hipervariabilidade estes locos são interessantes para mapeamento, pois correspondem a regiões gênicas, possibilitando mapeamento comparativo e potencial colocalização de genes com QTLs. Dos locos em configuração informativa de segregação, 20 foram mapeados com sucesso. Estes locos mapeados foram caracterizados quanto ao seu conteúdo de informação para análise genética. Embora os microssatélites derivados de EST sejam menos polimórficos que os microssatélites derivados de sequências não codificantes, ainda assim eles podem ser utilizados com eficiência na discriminação de indivíduos, estudos de parentesco, avaliação de diversidade genética, mapeamento genético e seleção assistida por marcadores. O segundo capítulo teve como objetivo a verificação da coincidência de detecção de QTLs por meio da comparação da posição genômica e magnitude de efeito de QTLs para características silviculturais de crescimento e de qualidade da madeira em amostras de descendentes de três famílias segregantes de Eucalyptus spp. em dois locais experimentais contrastantes (Guanhães- MG e Guaíba- RS). As famílias estudadas foram: (E. camadulensis) x (E. urophilla x E. globulus), C1 x UGL, (E. dunii x E. grandis) x (E. urophilla x E. globulus), DG x U2, e (E. dunii x E. grandis) x (E. urophilla), DG x UGL. Primeiramente foram selecionados marcadores microssatélites flanqueantes e internos às regiões de QTL mapeados em experimentos anteriores para estas três famílias oriundas do ambiente de Guaíba-RS. Posteriormente mapeou-se estes marcadores utilizando-se diferentes indivíduos destas mesmas três famílias oriundos do ambiente de Guanhães-MG. Foram estudados QTLs para oito características quantitativas relacionadas com desempenho silvicultural e qualidade da madeira. Detectou-se dois QTLs (altura e profundidade de penetração do Pilodyn) em comum para os dois ambientes, no genitor UGL da família C1 x UGL; dois QTLs (teor de lignina e rendimento depurado) nos genitores DG e U2 respectivamente, do cruzamento DG x U2 e quatro QTLs (dois para diâmetro à altura do peito, um para altura e um para volume) no genitor UGL, do cruzamento DG x UGL, sendo que dois destes se colocalizaram com QTLs para características biologicamente correlacionadas (r > 0,8). Ainda, três QTLs (diâmetro à altura do peito, altura e profundidade de penetração do Pilodyn) localizados no grupo de ligação 6 do genitor UGL se mostraram estáveis entre os diferentes backgrounds genéticos e ambientes. Os resultados indicam que QTLs de maior efeito para características de qualidade da madeira são detectados em ambientes contrastantes e/ou entre diferentes backgrounds genéticos, sugerindo que a variabilidade ambiental e de background genético não teve impacto detectável sobre a expressão dos genes presentes nestes QTLs. Estes resultados inéditos para Eucalyptus são relevantes, pois fornecem regiões alvo interessantes para a seleção assistida dentro de famílias via seleção para QTLs ou ainda como ponto de partida para estudos de genética de associação.
19

Analyse génétique de la sensibilité au cancer mammaire/ Genetic analysis of mammary cancer susceptibility

Stieber, Daniel 02 December 2005 (has links)
Ce travail s’inscrit dans le cadre de la recherche d’allèles de sensibilité ou de résistance au cancer mammaire, un trait génétique complexe, en utilisant le rat comme animal modèle. La première partie a consisté en l’étude génétique d’un nouveau croisement entre une souche de rat sensible au cancer mammaire (SPRD-Cu3) et une souche résistante (WKY), le but étant d’identifier de nouveaux loci associés à la sensibilité au cancer mammaire, différents de ceux déjà détectés par d’autres études. Pour cela nous avons testé trois phénotypes tumoraux distincts (agressivité, multiplicité et latence tumorale). De cette façon, nous avons identifié sept QTL liés génétiquement à l’un ou l’autre de ces phénotypes. Une deuxième partie a consisté en la création et l’étude phénotypique de lignées congéniques SPRD-Cu3.WKY- pour chacun des loci identifiés dans l’analyse génétique. Ceci dans le dessein de confirmer « physiquement » l’existence des QTL prédits par l’analyse statistique et de quantifier l’effet d’un allèle WKY dans chacune de ces régions sur le phénotype de la lignée parentale SPRD. L’existence de trois QTL a ainsi pu être confirmé in vivo. Deux QTL situés sur les chromosomes 5 et 18 sont associés à la multiplicité tumorale et un QTL situé sur le chromosome 9 est associé à la latence tumorale. Dans la partie trois nous avons recherché des candidats dans les régions des QTL identifiés au préalable. Pour cela nous avons étudié les différences d’expression génique entre les deux souches parentales et nous nous sommes intéressés à la localisation chromosomique des gènes exprimés de façon divergente entre SPRD et WKY. Les gènes à la fois différentiellement exprimés et localisés dans l’un des QTL constituent des candidats de choix. Nous avons également évalué la candidature de quelques-uns de ces gènes candidats dont Jun et Pla2g2a. Dans la dernière partie, nous avons porté notre intérêt sur la recherche d’un mécanisme de résistance ou de sensibilité qui serait commun à plusieurs souches de rat. Pour cela nous avons analysé l’expression génique de deux souches résistantes (COP et WKY) et de deux souches sensibles (SPRD et WF), le but étant de déterminer s’il existe un profil d’expression typique des souches résistantes ou sensibles et d’essayer de le relier à un mécanisme biologique spécifique. Aucune signature commune robuste n’a pu être mis en évidence ce qui implique que le phénotype de sensibilité au cancer mammaire est sans doute régi par des mécanismes différents dans des souches différentes. Nous avons par ailleurs pu établir que la souche WKY présente le phénotype BCO et est morphologiquement et fonctionnellement plus différenciée que les trois autres souches.
20

Identification and deployment of QTL for Fusarium head blight resistance in U.S. hard winter wheat

Fatima, Nosheen January 1900 (has links)
Master of Science / Agronomy / Guihua Bai / Guorong Zhang / Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most damaging diseases in wheat, which impacts both grain yield and quality drastically. Recently, the disease has become more prevalent in the hard winter wheat (HWW) grown areas of the United States including Oklahoma where FHB has not been reported before. Growing resistant cultivars is the most economical and effective strategy for disease management. To dissect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for FHB resistance in a moderately resistant hard winter wheat (HWW) cultivar, Overland, a population of 186 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed from the cross between Overland and Overley, a susceptible HWW cultivar from Kansas. The RILs were evaluated for FHB type II resistance in one field and three greenhouse experiments and genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) markers. Three FHB resistance QTLs were mapped on Chromosomes 4DL, 4AL, and 5BL. The QTL on 4DL was the most consistent one and explained up to 13% of the phenotypic variation for type II resistance and 14 % for low Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK). Two GBS markers closely linked to the 4DL QTL were successfully converted to Kbioscience competitive allelic specific PCR (KASP) assays and can be used in marker-assisted breeding. In breeding, a single QTL may provide only partial resistance and pyramiding of several resistance QTLs in a cultivar can provide more protection in FHB epidemics. Fhb1 is a major QTL for FHB resistance from a Chinese source and Fhb3 is an alien gene from wild rye grass (Leymus racemosus). To study the effects of these QTLs individually and cumulatively in hard winter wheat backgrounds, they were transferred into two HWW cultivars Overland and Jagger. The results show that Fhb1 significantly increased FHB resistance, but Fhb3 did not. Thus, Fhb3 is not an effective gene for improvement of FHB resistance in HWW.

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