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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Coronavírus em codornas: ocorrência, diversidade molecular e estudo do papel epidemiológico das codornas como reservatório para a bronquite infecciosa das galinhas / Coronavirus in quails: occurrence, molecular diversity and the role of quails as reservoir for avian infectious bronchitis virus

Alejo, Carolina Torres 30 March 2012 (has links)
Este estudo teve como objetivo pesquisar a ocorrência e diversidade molecular de coronavírus aviários em codornas e galinhas criadas nas mesmas propriedades e determinar o papel epidemiológico das codornas na bronquite infecciosa das galinhas (BIG). Para isso, foram coletados em granjas localizadas no estado de São Paulo e Espírito Santo pools de aparelho reprodutivo, pulmões, rins, traquéia e conteúdo entérico de codornas e galinhas com histórico de manifestações clínicas compatíveis com BIG. Estas amostras foram testadas para coronavírus aviário mediante uma semi-nested RT-PCR dirigida a região não-traduzida 3 (3´UTR) e as amostras positivas foram submetidas a RT-PCR do gene codificador da proteína RNA-polimerase RNA-dependente (RdRp) e duas RT-PCR, incluindo uma tipo multiplex dirigidas a proteína de espícula S do vírus da BIG, para genotipagem. Amplicons ou fragmentos amplificados da 3\'UTR (a partir de amostras de codorna) foram clonados e sequenciados. Outras duas RT-PCR foram utilizadas para detecção de metapneumovírus aviário (aMPV) e o vírus da doença de Newcastle (NDV). Coronavírus aviários foram encontrados em todos os tipos de amostras estudadas em galinhas e codornas criadas nas mesmas propriedades, sendo que aMPV subtipo B foi encontrado em galinhas e o NDV não foi encontrado em nenhuma amostras. Todos os coronavírus aviários encontrados, foram classificados como variantes pela multiplex RT-PCR, não sendo entretanto, obtidas sequências de DNA para o gene S. Com base em sequências de DNA para os genes codificadores da proteína RdRp e da região 3´UTR pode-se demonstrar que as codornas estudadas apresentaram o coronavírus aviário identificados como próximo àqueles relacionados à bronquite infecciosa das galinhas, havendo diversidade molecular filogeográfica para os vírus de codornas. Desta forma, sugere-se que as codornas podem servir como reservatórios para coronavírus aviários onde haja criações em proximidade com outras espécies aviárias. / This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and molecular diversity of avian coronavirus in quails and laying hens, raised on the same farms and determine the role of quails in the epidemiology of avian infectious bronchitis (IB). To this end, pools of lungs, trachea, female reproductive tracts, kidneys and enteric contents were collected from quails and laying hens flocks with IB-like symptoms, co-housed in farms located in Sao Paulo and Espírito Santo states, Brazil, during 2009-2010. Chickens and quails samples were screened for IBV with an RT-PCR to the 3UTR and positive samples were submitted to RT-PCRs to the RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase gene (RdRp) and two different RT-PCRs to the spike gene, including a typing-multiplex one. Amplicons of 3UTR (from quails samples) were cloned and sequenced. Two other RT-PCRs were used to detect the avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Avian coronavirus was found in all types of samples analyzed in chickens and quails raised on the same farms, aMPV subtype B was found in chickens and the NDV was not observed in any samples. All avian coronavirus found were classified as variants by multiplex RT-PCR, however, DNA sequences for gene S were not obtained. Based on the DNA sequences for genes encoding the protein RdRp and the 3\'UTR region can be show that avian coronavirus in quails are closely related to avian infectious bronchitis virus, with a molecular phylogeographic diversity for quails viruses; thus, quails might act as reservoirs for avian coronaviroses when in close contact with other avian species.
32

Coronavírus em codornas: ocorrência, diversidade molecular e estudo do papel epidemiológico das codornas como reservatório para a bronquite infecciosa das galinhas / Coronavirus in quails: occurrence, molecular diversity and the role of quails as reservoir for avian infectious bronchitis virus

Carolina Torres Alejo 30 March 2012 (has links)
Este estudo teve como objetivo pesquisar a ocorrência e diversidade molecular de coronavírus aviários em codornas e galinhas criadas nas mesmas propriedades e determinar o papel epidemiológico das codornas na bronquite infecciosa das galinhas (BIG). Para isso, foram coletados em granjas localizadas no estado de São Paulo e Espírito Santo pools de aparelho reprodutivo, pulmões, rins, traquéia e conteúdo entérico de codornas e galinhas com histórico de manifestações clínicas compatíveis com BIG. Estas amostras foram testadas para coronavírus aviário mediante uma semi-nested RT-PCR dirigida a região não-traduzida 3 (3´UTR) e as amostras positivas foram submetidas a RT-PCR do gene codificador da proteína RNA-polimerase RNA-dependente (RdRp) e duas RT-PCR, incluindo uma tipo multiplex dirigidas a proteína de espícula S do vírus da BIG, para genotipagem. Amplicons ou fragmentos amplificados da 3\'UTR (a partir de amostras de codorna) foram clonados e sequenciados. Outras duas RT-PCR foram utilizadas para detecção de metapneumovírus aviário (aMPV) e o vírus da doença de Newcastle (NDV). Coronavírus aviários foram encontrados em todos os tipos de amostras estudadas em galinhas e codornas criadas nas mesmas propriedades, sendo que aMPV subtipo B foi encontrado em galinhas e o NDV não foi encontrado em nenhuma amostras. Todos os coronavírus aviários encontrados, foram classificados como variantes pela multiplex RT-PCR, não sendo entretanto, obtidas sequências de DNA para o gene S. Com base em sequências de DNA para os genes codificadores da proteína RdRp e da região 3´UTR pode-se demonstrar que as codornas estudadas apresentaram o coronavírus aviário identificados como próximo àqueles relacionados à bronquite infecciosa das galinhas, havendo diversidade molecular filogeográfica para os vírus de codornas. Desta forma, sugere-se que as codornas podem servir como reservatórios para coronavírus aviários onde haja criações em proximidade com outras espécies aviárias. / This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and molecular diversity of avian coronavirus in quails and laying hens, raised on the same farms and determine the role of quails in the epidemiology of avian infectious bronchitis (IB). To this end, pools of lungs, trachea, female reproductive tracts, kidneys and enteric contents were collected from quails and laying hens flocks with IB-like symptoms, co-housed in farms located in Sao Paulo and Espírito Santo states, Brazil, during 2009-2010. Chickens and quails samples were screened for IBV with an RT-PCR to the 3UTR and positive samples were submitted to RT-PCRs to the RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase gene (RdRp) and two different RT-PCRs to the spike gene, including a typing-multiplex one. Amplicons of 3UTR (from quails samples) were cloned and sequenced. Two other RT-PCRs were used to detect the avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Avian coronavirus was found in all types of samples analyzed in chickens and quails raised on the same farms, aMPV subtype B was found in chickens and the NDV was not observed in any samples. All avian coronavirus found were classified as variants by multiplex RT-PCR, however, DNA sequences for gene S were not obtained. Based on the DNA sequences for genes encoding the protein RdRp and the 3\'UTR region can be show that avian coronavirus in quails are closely related to avian infectious bronchitis virus, with a molecular phylogeographic diversity for quails viruses; thus, quails might act as reservoirs for avian coronaviroses when in close contact with other avian species.
33

Helminth endoparasites of the bobwhite quail, Colinus virginianus, in northern Indiana

Bauman, Malcolm J. 03 June 2011 (has links)
AbstractA study of 187 bobwhite, taken from the Salamonie Reservoir and surrounding farmlands in Northern Indiana during November through May, revealed the presence of three species of nematodes:Dispharynx spiralis, Heterakis gallinae, and Subulura,sp. The bobwhite collected showed 37 per cent infestation. The highest rate of incidence was with the Dispharynx spiralis, while Heterakis gallinae was the second most abundant species with 7 per cent infestation. The Subulura species is not identical to any Subulura species reported from bobwhite. Therefore, it is believed that this is the first report of this species from bobwhite.Results regarding food, age, and location revealed little correlation to parasitism in this study.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306
34

Effects of experience and novelty on sexual behavior and associated neuronal activity in male Japanese quail

Can, Adem, 1977- 06 September 2012 (has links)
In many behavioral paradigms, repeated exposures to a particular stimulus or event results in lower immediate early gene (IEG) expression. First, it was investigated if a similar reduction in IEG expression in the brain areas controlling male sexual behaviors would be observed after repeated copulation experiences in male Japanese quail. The results showed that IEG expression, as assessed by egr-1 immunoreactivity, did not increase in the POM, the BST, or the PAG after a copulation episode in highly sexually experienced subjects. One possibility was that the pattern of initial elevation of neuronal activity during the early trials of sexual interactions and the lack of increase in IEG expression later was associated with the novelty of sexual stimuli. While early exposures to certain stimuli constitute a new learning experience, the significance of such exposures would be lower as the level of experience increases. It was hypothesized that the introduction of a novel stimulus would increase the IEG expression in the POM, the BST and the PAG of experienced subjects. To evaluate this prediction, subjects were tested to see if they learn to respond to females decorated with distinct novel artificial cues after repeated exposures. The results showed that control subjects that did not have sexual experiences with decorated females discriminate against such females and directed their responses to normal females. Trained subjects did not show such preferences and responded to both types of females. In the next experiment, contrary to the prediction, no increase in IEG expression was observed after the introduction of the novel stimulus. This might be due to lower sexual motivation in subjects exposed to novel females. Effects of sexual experience were also tested in the catecholaminergic system. It was hypothesized that TH innervation in the POM and the BST would increase as a result of sexual experience. IEG expression in the catecholaminergic areas was predicted to be lower after repeated sexual experiences. The results showed no effect of experience in either tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) innervation, nor TH-egr-1 colocalization. These findings suggest that experience-related changes in male sexual behavior may be mediated by a different neurotransmitter system. / text
35

Métodos de muda forçada para codornas japonesas (Coturnix japonica) /

Faitarone, Ana Beatriz Garcia, 1980- January 2007 (has links)
Orientador: Edivaldo Antonio Garcia / Banca: Otto Mack Junqueira / Banca: Carla Cahoni Pizzolante / Resumo: O experimento foi realizado na Unidade de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Brotas da Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios do Centro-Oeste, SP. Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho e a qualidade dos ovos de codornas japonesas submetidas à muda forçada com o intuito de otimizar o plantel para mais um ciclo de produção. Foram utilizadas 400 codornas, em produção, com 65 semanas de idade, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso em esquema fatorial 5 x 4 (cinco tratamentos e quatro períodos), sendo os tratamentos: (T1= não sofreu muda forçada; T2= 3 dias de jejum, e após ração à vontade; T3= 1 dia de jejum + 13 dias 15g/ave; T4= 2 dias de jejum + 12 dias 15g/ave; T5= 3 dias de jejum + 11 dias 15g/ave), com quatro repetições de 20 aves por parcela. As rações utilizadas nos tratamentos foram todas isonutritivas e balanceadas, seguindo as recomendações de NRC (1994). Foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos e períodos estudados. Embora, ao se utilizarem 3 dias de jejum seguidos de alimentação à vontade, o peso dos ovos tenha sido menor, este tratamento apresentou melhores percentagens de postura, massa de ovos e conversões alimentares (CA/dz e CA/kg). Por outro lado, o mesmo período de jejum seguido de alimentação restrita apresentou maior consumo de ração e piores conversões alimentares (CA/dz e CA/kg). Constatou-se também que a não realização da muda forçada resulta em menor percentagem de postura e menor massa de ovos. / Abstract: The experiment was carried through in the Unidade de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Brotas of the Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios do Centro-Oeste Paulista, SP. It was objectified to search optimum method to reduce stress it of forced moulting in Japanese quails with intention to optimize the breeding in performance terms and quality of eggs for plus a production cycle. 400 had been used quails, in production, with 65 weeks of age, distributed in a delineation entirely to perhaps in factorial project 5 x 4 (five treatments and four periods), being the treatments: (T1= did not suffer forced moulting; T2= 3 fasting day , and after ration "ad libitum"; T3= 1 fasting day + 13 days 15g/ave; T4= 2 fasting day + 12 days 15g/ave; T5= 3 fasting day + 11 days 15g/ave), with four repetitions of 20 birds for parcel. The rations used in the treatments had been all balanced isonutritive and following the NRC recommendations (1994). The treatments and studied periods had been observed significant differences between. Although to if using 3 fasting day followed of feeding to the will the weight of eggs it has been lesser, this presented better percentages of position, alimentary egg mass and conversions (CA/dz and CA/kg). On the other hand, the same period of fasting followed of restricted feeding presented greater consumption of ration and worse alimentary conversions (CA/dz and CA/kg). One also evidenced that not the forced accomplishment of the moulting one, results in lesser percentage of position and minor egg mass. / Mestre
36

Avaliação de critérios de seleção em codornas de postura (Coturnix coturnix japonica) / Criteria selection evaluation for laying quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Stivanin, Tádia Emanuele 11 May 2016 (has links)
CAPES; Fundação Araucária / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar critérios de seleção a serem utilizados em duas linhagens de codornas de postura, visando melhoramento no número de ovos produzidos. Utilizou-se dados de fêmeas nascidas a partir de duas incubações, provenientes de duas linhagens de codornas de posturas mantidas sob seleção. As características estudadas foram o peso corporal da ave (PA), peso médio do ovo (PO), produção parcial (PP) e produção total de ovos (PT). As características foram avaliadas em quatro períodos parciais, P1 correspondente a 60 dias de produção, (P2), (P3) e (P4) corresponderam a 30 dias cada um e a produção total de ovos correspondeu a 150 dias de produção. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análises multicarater pelo procedimento Bayesiano, usando amostragem de Gibbs. Foram estimados parâmetros genéticos, calculadas as respostas indireta e direta a seleção, e a eficiência de seleção em produzir ganho genético na produção total de ovos em 150 dias de postura, devido à seleção com base na produção parcial de ovos aos 60 dias. As estimativas de herdabilidade para produção total de ovos foram baixas, a produção parcial de ovos apresentou estimativas médias, para o peso médio do ovo as estimativas variaram de baixas a médias, e para o peso corporal da ave a herdabilidade foi alta. As correlações genéticas apresentaram valores variando de moderado a alto para todas as combinações. A resposta indireta apresentou maior eficiência em produzir ganho genético em comparação à seleção direta. O primeiro período parcial correspondente a 60 dias de postura foi indicado para critério de seleção das codornas visando aumentar a produção total de ovos, obtendo-se maior ganho genético com diminuição do intervalo de geração. / The objective of this research was to evaluate the selection criteria to be applied in two laying quails lineages, for improvement in the number of eggs produced. We used data of females from two incubations of the two lineages of laying quails maintained under selection. The characteristics studied were body weight of the bird (BW), average egg weight (EW), partial production (PP) and total egg production (EP). The characteristics were evaluated in four partial periods, P1 corresponding to 60 days of production, (P2), (P3) and (P4) corresponded to 30 days each and the total egg production corresponded to 150 days of production. The data were analyzed by the Bayesian Inference multicaracter procedure using gibbs sampling. genetic parameters were estimated, calculated the direct and indirect responses to selection, and selection efficiency in producing genetic gain in total egg production in 150 days of posture due to selection based on incremental production of eggs at 60 days. The heritability estimates of total egg production were low, for the partial egg production were average, for egg weight low to medium, and for the body weight high. genetic correlations showed values ranging from moderate to high for all combinations. the indirect response was more efficient than direct selection for gentic gain. The partial period p1 (60 days) was the period indicated for the quails selection criteria to increase the total production of eggs, resulting in greater genetic gain with decrease the generation interval.
37

Avaliação de critérios de seleção em codornas de postura (Coturnix coturnix japonica) / Criteria selection evaluation for laying quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Stivanin, Tádia Emanuele 11 May 2016 (has links)
CAPES; Fundação Araucária / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar critérios de seleção a serem utilizados em duas linhagens de codornas de postura, visando melhoramento no número de ovos produzidos. Utilizou-se dados de fêmeas nascidas a partir de duas incubações, provenientes de duas linhagens de codornas de posturas mantidas sob seleção. As características estudadas foram o peso corporal da ave (PA), peso médio do ovo (PO), produção parcial (PP) e produção total de ovos (PT). As características foram avaliadas em quatro períodos parciais, P1 correspondente a 60 dias de produção, (P2), (P3) e (P4) corresponderam a 30 dias cada um e a produção total de ovos correspondeu a 150 dias de produção. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análises multicarater pelo procedimento Bayesiano, usando amostragem de Gibbs. Foram estimados parâmetros genéticos, calculadas as respostas indireta e direta a seleção, e a eficiência de seleção em produzir ganho genético na produção total de ovos em 150 dias de postura, devido à seleção com base na produção parcial de ovos aos 60 dias. As estimativas de herdabilidade para produção total de ovos foram baixas, a produção parcial de ovos apresentou estimativas médias, para o peso médio do ovo as estimativas variaram de baixas a médias, e para o peso corporal da ave a herdabilidade foi alta. As correlações genéticas apresentaram valores variando de moderado a alto para todas as combinações. A resposta indireta apresentou maior eficiência em produzir ganho genético em comparação à seleção direta. O primeiro período parcial correspondente a 60 dias de postura foi indicado para critério de seleção das codornas visando aumentar a produção total de ovos, obtendo-se maior ganho genético com diminuição do intervalo de geração. / The objective of this research was to evaluate the selection criteria to be applied in two laying quails lineages, for improvement in the number of eggs produced. We used data of females from two incubations of the two lineages of laying quails maintained under selection. The characteristics studied were body weight of the bird (BW), average egg weight (EW), partial production (PP) and total egg production (EP). The characteristics were evaluated in four partial periods, P1 corresponding to 60 days of production, (P2), (P3) and (P4) corresponded to 30 days each and the total egg production corresponded to 150 days of production. The data were analyzed by the Bayesian Inference multicaracter procedure using gibbs sampling. genetic parameters were estimated, calculated the direct and indirect responses to selection, and selection efficiency in producing genetic gain in total egg production in 150 days of posture due to selection based on incremental production of eggs at 60 days. The heritability estimates of total egg production were low, for the partial egg production were average, for egg weight low to medium, and for the body weight high. genetic correlations showed values ranging from moderate to high for all combinations. the indirect response was more efficient than direct selection for gentic gain. The partial period p1 (60 days) was the period indicated for the quails selection criteria to increase the total production of eggs, resulting in greater genetic gain with decrease the generation interval.
38

The effect of dietary zinc level upon the efficiency of vitellogenin synthesis by male quail

Kim, ChulHwan 12 March 2009 (has links)
Manipulation of dietary zinc produced a different body zinc status in male Japanese quail during 3 weeks of treating period. After intramuscular injection with 8μmol/100g body weight of estradiol-17β, Japanese quail were sacrificed and vitellogenin (phosphoprotein) production was assessed in these birds by analyzing plasma for protein-bound phosphorus concentrations (PBP). Plasma PBP concentrations of estrogen-injected male quails increased from undetectable values for control birds to O.66mg/ml for high-zinc birds and O.42mg/ml for low-zinc birds. About 36% loss of vitellogenin synthesis was associated with the consumption of the zinc-deficient diet. Plasma zinc concentrations also increased on the estrogen injection because of the zinc-binding property of vitellogenin. The extra zinc ions in the plasma were considered to be come from the body zinc pools. Liver as well as other major tissues was believed to act as a reservoir of zinc for egg development but it was not observed that liver was the major source of the extra zinc in the plasma. / Master of Science
39

Quail as an additional farm crop on the average farm in Montgomery County (Thesis one)

Rucker, Henry Cowles January 1937 (has links)
no abstract provided by author / Master of Science
40

Uso de subprodutos do arroz na alimentaÃÃo de codornas do tipo corte / Use of rice by-products on the cutting type quail feed

Thales Marcel Bezerra Filgueira 31 July 2012 (has links)
FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / In order to evaluate the effects of replacing corn for broken rice (QA) and the inclusion of parboiled rice bran (FIAP) in rations for meat quails, two experiments were conducted in the period 7 to 49 days age. In each trial, 288 quails with seven days of age were distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments and six replications of eight birds for experimental unit. In the first experiment, was tested the levels of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of replacement corn by broken rice and it was observed that the replacement of corn for broken rice did not significantly influence the performance and carcass characteristics of quails at different stages of creation, neither economic viability. In the second experiment, the treatments were a control diet without the inclusion of FIAP, and the other containing 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% of FIAP. There was a linear decrease in the apparent digestibility of dry matter (CDMS) and crude energy (CDEB) and a linear increase of apparent metabolizable energy (EMA) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (EMAn) with the inclusion of FIAP in rations, above 5%. Therefore, there was a linear decrease in feed intake and weight gain, without influence in feed conversion, carcass characteristics and parameters of bone quality. Although there was some reduction parameters when FIAP increased above 5%, the performance of birds fed with different levels of FIAP was similar in relation to the control group. Furthermore, the use until 25% of FIAP provided better economic viability. It can be argued that the broken rice can replace corn in the feeding of meat quails at levels up to 100%, while the FIAP can be included in rations in proportions of up to 25% without affecting carcass characteristics. / Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da substituiÃÃo do milho por quirera de arroz (QA) e da inclusÃo do farelo integral de arroz parboilizado (FIAP) nas raÃÃes de codornas do tipo corte, foram realizados dois experimentos no perÃodo de 7 a 49 dias de idade. Em cada experimento, 288 codornas com sete dias de idade foram distribuÃdas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e seis repetiÃÃes de oito aves por unidade experimental. No primeiro experimento, foram testados os nÃveis de 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100% de substituiÃÃo do milho pela quirera de arroz e observou-se que nÃo houve influencia significativa sobre o desempenho e as caracterÃsticas de carcaÃa das aves, nas diferentes fases de criaÃÃo, nem tÃo pouco sobre a viabilidade econÃmica. No segundo experimento, os tratamentos consistiram de uma raÃÃo controle, sem a inclusÃo de FIAP, e as demais contendo 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25% de FIAP. Houve decrÃscimo linear nos coeficientes de digestibilidade da matÃria seca (CDMS) e energia bruta (CDEB), bem como aumento linear da energia metabolizÃvel aparente (EMA) e energia metabolizÃvel aparente corrigida para nitrogÃnio (EMAn) com a inclusÃo do FIAP nas raÃÃes, acima de 5%. Observou-se ainda reduÃÃo linear no consumo de raÃÃo e ganho de peso, sem, contudo influenciar na conversÃo alimentar, caracterÃsticas de carcaÃa e parÃmetros de qualidade Ãssea. Embora tenha ocorrido reduÃÃo de alguns parÃmetros, quando se aumentou o FIAP acima de 5%, nÃo houve prejuÃzo significativo nos resultados de desempenho das aves alimentadas com os diferentes nÃveis do FIAP em relaÃÃo Ãs do grupo controle. O uso de atà 25% de FIAP proporcionou a melhor viabilidade econÃmica. Pode-se afirmar que a quirera de arroz pode substituir o milho na alimentaÃÃo de codornas de corte em nÃveis de atà 100%, enquanto, o FIAP pode ser incluÃdo nas raÃÃes em proporÃÃes de atà 25%, sem afetar as caracterÃsticas de carcaÃa.

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