Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Geography, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], iv, 49, [6] p. : ill., maps. Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-49).

This diploma thesis deals with microbiological quality of hot water in a hospital in Cesky Krumlov as well as hot water piping condition with respect to Legionella. It also deals with arrangements for improving the quality of hot water in this hospital. The subject and target of this thesis are the findings of the mentioned parameters based on own observations, technical documentation and analysis of warm water performed by an accredited laboratory. The hospital in Cesky Krumlov, the construction of which began in 1909, was built in 1911 as the 'Nemocnice Císaře Františka Josefa I.' As the time went by, new buildings were built up. The hospital was renamed to 'Všeobecná veřejná nemocnice' in 1942. In the following years the hospital expanded until the current condition. Water quality and presence of Legionella is a world-wide issue, which we must fight against. The thesis is divided into two parts. First, theoretical part, which includes both general and specific knowledge about Legionella, its health risks, the environment in which it occurs, possibilities of eliminating, suitability of the material for hot water pipes, gained in professional literature and a part of the Czech legislation dealing with public health protection, the law 'No. 258/2004 Coll.' in actual version and quality of drinking water and hot water. In the second, empirical part, I focus on the situation of the hospital in Cesky Krumlov from 2009 till 2015, concerning newly built boiler room and the whole distribution system of hot water regarding Legionella. Particularly I focused on materials used for ecologisation of the gas boiler room and materials used for hot water pipes and actual state of water distribution in individual buildings of this health care facility. I mentioned the analysis of the water samples performed by an accredited laboratory with corresponding technical documentation, which concerns the water distribution system, provided by the medical facility. I used secondary data analysis to evaluate these documents. Regarding the results from 2009 to 2015 the microbiological quality of warm water doesn't meet the limits defined in the Attachment No. 3 of the above mentioned law Order 252/2004 Coll. Limit value for colony forming units of Legionella is set to maximum of 100 CFU. In most of the samples this limit was exceeded by series of units up to hundred thousands of units. The last results in 2015 prove improvement of the unfavorable situation. In that year the analysis was tested three times. First in February, where the CFU units were 'only' in hundreds, with the top value of 550 CFU in the Postacute Care ward. Second analysis was performed in June that same year. Results were acceptable. The highest value was 64 CFU. Last analysis in the hospital was performed in December. Increased concentration of Legionella was again in the Surgery building. There were established of 1400 colony forming units. There were 300 CFU in the Postacute Care ward and the limit value of 100 CFU was in the ward of Internal medicine. The answers to research questions 'How to prevent reproduction of Legionella peumophylis in the water distribution system of the hospital in Cesky Krumlov?' and 'How to ensure a sufficient amount of quality hot water in the medical facility?' are included at the end of the stated recommendations. A risk factor causing the fast reproduction of Legionella is the old water distribution system in most of the buildings and low water temperature of water leaving the boiler, which is 55°C. All mentioned results and evaluations are included in this thesis as well as attached pictures, which show the environment and situation within the Health Care Institutions.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:38:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cicigliano_gd_me_ilha.pdf: 3848285 bytes, checksum: 4fa431ea33f04e77357210cfb9c87e80 (MD5) / O presente projeto teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da água em função do efluente gerado por uma unidade de piscicultura localizado na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio São José dos Dourados, no Município de Santa Fé do Sul, SP. As análises foram realizadas a cada quatro semanas, por um período de doze meses, realizado em locais previamente determinados sendo repetidas á cada coleta. As investigações foram realizadas dentro de uma abordagem de análise ambiental ampla e de uma perspectiva de desenvolvimento sustentável. O estudo de cada um dos parâmetros de qualidade da água foi realizado por meio da obtenção de dados no próprio local e de análises laboratoriais. As coletas foram realizadas em pontos definidos previamente (03 pontos) de modo servir como indicadores das condições ambientais na micro bacia e de suas possíveis alterações em função dos efluentes gerados pelos peixes cultivados no local. Desta forma, procurou-se investigar a influência da atividade de piscicultura em termos de efluentes gerados para a deterioração dos recursos hídricos do local. Foram analisadas possíveis alterações nas características físicas, químicas e biológicas da água, relacionadas ao uso da água na micro-bacia. Os Resultados dos ensaios obtidos confrontados com os padrões da resolucão CONAMA n° 357/05, águas doces classe 2, bem como os índices de qualidade de água IQA. De modo geral foi observado que as águas do Córrego Ponte Pensa não apresentarem índices, ótimo. Para os índices mínimos, observaram-se duas classificações como boa, e uma classificação como aceitável. Para os índices máximos observaram-se três classificações como aceitável. Espera-se com os resultados obtidos fornecer subsídios que possam contribuir para o desenvolvimento sócio-econômico local associado à conservação ambiental / The present project had as objective to evaluate the quality of the water in function of the effluent one generated by a unit of fish culture located in the Hidrográfica Basin of the River São José dos Dourados, in the City Santa Fé do Sul, SP. The analyses had been carried through to each four weeks, for a period of twelve months, carried through in places previously determined being repeated to each collection. The inquiries had been carried through inside of a boarding of ample analysis ambient and of a perspective of sustainable development. The study of each one of the parameters of quality of the water it was carried through by means of the attainment of data in the proper place and laboratory analyses. The collections had been carried through in definite points previously (03 points) in way to serve as indicating of the ambient conditions in the micron basin and of its possible alterations in function of the effluent ones generated by the fish cultivated in the place. In such a way it was looked to investigate the influence of the activity of fish culture in generated terms of effluent for the deterioration of the water resources of the place. Had been analyzed possible alterations in the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the water, related to the use of the water in the micron-basin. The Results of the assays gotten collated with the standards of resolution CONAMA n º 357/05, waters candies classroom 2, as well as the indices of quality of water IQA In general way it was observed that the waters of the stream Ponte Pensa think not to present indices, excellent. For the minimum indices, two classifications had been observed as good, and a classification as acceptable. One expects with the gotten results to supply subsidies that can contribute for the associated local partner-economic development to the ambient conservation

Orientador: Sérgio Luís de Carvalho / Banca: Alexandre Ninhaus Silveira / Banca: Ricardo Pereira Ribeiro / Resumo: O presente projeto teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da água em função do efluente gerado por uma unidade de piscicultura localizado na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio São José dos Dourados, no Município de Santa Fé do Sul, SP. As análises foram realizadas a cada quatro semanas, por um período de doze meses, realizado em locais previamente determinados sendo repetidas á cada coleta. As investigações foram realizadas dentro de uma abordagem de análise ambiental ampla e de uma perspectiva de desenvolvimento sustentável. O estudo de cada um dos parâmetros de qualidade da água foi realizado por meio da obtenção de dados no próprio local e de análises laboratoriais. As coletas foram realizadas em pontos definidos previamente (03 pontos) de modo servir como indicadores das condições ambientais na micro bacia e de suas possíveis alterações em função dos efluentes gerados pelos peixes cultivados no local. Desta forma, procurou-se investigar a influência da atividade de piscicultura em termos de efluentes gerados para a deterioração dos recursos hídricos do local. Foram analisadas possíveis alterações nas características físicas, químicas e biológicas da água, relacionadas ao uso da água na micro-bacia. Os Resultados dos ensaios obtidos confrontados com os padrões da resolucão CONAMA n° 357/05, águas doces classe 2, bem como os índices de qualidade de água IQA. De modo geral foi observado que as águas do Córrego Ponte Pensa não apresentarem índices, ótimo. Para os índices mínimos, observaram-se duas classificações como boa, e uma classificação como aceitável. Para os índices máximos observaram-se três classificações como aceitável. Espera-se com os resultados obtidos fornecer subsídios que possam contribuir para o desenvolvimento sócio-econômico local associado à conservação ambiental / Abstract: The present project had as objective to evaluate the quality of the water in function of the effluent one generated by a unit of fish culture located in the Hidrográfica Basin of the River São José dos Dourados, in the City Santa Fé do Sul, SP. The analyses had been carried through to each four weeks, for a period of twelve months, carried through in places previously determined being repeated to each collection. The inquiries had been carried through inside of a boarding of ample analysis ambient and of a perspective of sustainable development. The study of each one of the parameters of quality of the water it was carried through by means of the attainment of data in the proper place and laboratory analyses. The collections had been carried through in definite points previously (03 points) in way to serve as indicating of the ambient conditions in the micron basin and of its possible alterations in function of the effluent ones generated by the fish cultivated in the place. In such a way it was looked to investigate the influence of the activity of fish culture in generated terms of effluent for the deterioration of the water resources of the place. Had been analyzed possible alterations in the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the water, related to the use of the water in the micron-basin. The Results of the assays gotten collated with the standards of resolution CONAMA n º 357/05, waters candies classroom 2, as well as the indices of quality of water IQA In general way it was observed that the waters of the stream Ponte Pensa think not to present indices, excellent. For the minimum indices, two classifications had been observed as good, and a classification as acceptable. One expects with the gotten results to supply subsidies that can contribute for the associated local partner-economic development to the ambient conservation / Mestre

The main theme of this thesis is the usage of the test investigating the formation potential of trihalogenmethanes (THM FP) and its comparison with conventional indicators of water quality (CODMn, A254 and colours). As for the experimental part of the thesis, rating of the effectiveness of selected technological procedures has been applied (e.g.: coagulation, adsorption and ozonation in the act of treatment of artificially prepared water model with a higher content of humic substances in laboratory conditions). Based on the obtained results, it was found that the common indicators of water quality have very similar attributes and also complete each other. On the contrary, those attributes of indicators may not be sufficient in case of the evaluation of water quality with high content of humic substances. The findings made illustrate that the THM FP test enables the accurate evaluation of water quality, especially in connection with the content of an organic material susceptible to chemical changes. THM formation potential has proved its high value and also has confirmed that it can appropriately complete the other standarts that are being used for assessing the quality of treated water up to nowadays.

Water quality was one of the biggest problems of environment in beginning of 90. of 20th century in the Czech republic. Since 90. the level of water quality was in czech rivers rapidly better. Mainly in big rivers have accomplished great changes. The small rivers haven't notice that rapid changes. The Czech republic, after entrance to the European Union have committed to comply with Directive 91/271/EEC reduce urban waste water and which should have big influence to water quality also in small rivers. During 90. industry technology, agriculture, cleaning technology of waste water etc. reached big development. Therefore the presumption is higher quality of water in the Czech republic since 90. Goal of the thesis is comparison of results from 1999-2000 with results from 2012- 2014 from Mladoticky brook catchment, which is lined up to small river catchments (79,77km2 ). From this comparison there is obvious trend, if conditions of the water quality are really better or not since 90. [33] Since 2012 to 2014 were taken 12 times samples from 11 profiles of water from Mladotice brook catchment and they were consequential chemically analyzed. The samples were evaluated according to ČSN 757221 and compared with results from 1999-2000. From comparison with data 1999-2000 and 2012-2014 was confirmed the...

Saneamento ambiental é um dos mais importantes meios de controle da prevenção de doenças, de conservação do meio ambiente e de promoção da saúde. Porém, não é uma realidade em todas as partes do mundo, principalmente nos países em desenvolvimento, onde ainda se pode encontrar áreas urbanas densamente povoadas com precárias condições de saneamento, representando uma grande preocupação para os profissionais da área de saúde pública. Essa problemática revela-se particularmente importante para as pessoas que estão mais expostas a possíveis riscos de contaminação, devido à falta de infra-estrutura de saneamento, principalmente nos ambientes rurais. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a condição da qualidade da água utilizada para consumo humano, na comunidade da zona rural de Fortaleza de Minas - MG, por meio da identificação da origem, captação, tratamento, armazenamento e distribuição da água consumida e da análise dos seus parâmetros microbiológicos, físicos e químicos. Visou também levantar a percepção da população em relação à qualidade da água consumida. O estudo foi desenvolvido na Comunidade Rural do Bairro Chapadão do município, tendo sido utilizada a técnica de Tubos Múltiplos para as análises microbiológicas; para a identificação e quantificação dos metais, empregou-se a técnica de Espectrometria de Emissão Atômica - ICP-AES e, para os agrotóxicos, a técnica de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Também foram feitas entrevistas com 15 sujeitos da comunidade rural, incluídos neste estudo. Foi detectada a presença de Escherichia coli e Coliformes Totais em todas as amostras de água investigadas, acima do valor permitido pela Portaria do Ministério da Saúde - MS no 518/2004. Foram detectados valores acima do máximo permitido para turbidez, cor aparente e pH, previstos pela Portaria MS no 518/2004. A presença dos metais arsênio, cádmio, chumbo, cobre, cromo, ferro e manganês, em algumas amostras de água, apresentaram valores acima do permitido pela Portaria MS no 518/2004. Os agrotóxicos &#945 e β-endossulfam e metalaxil não foram identificados nas amostras de água. O método de validação desenvolvido para análise dos agrotóxicos &#945 e β-endossulfam e metalaxil foi considerado eficiente, podendo ser empregado em futuras análises para o monitoramento de &#945 e β-endossulfam e metalaxil em água para consumo humano. Quanto à percepção dos sujeitos sobre a qualidade da água, foi levantado que 66,67% dos entrevistados não utilizavam nenhum tipo de tratamento para a água consumida, e o mesmo percentual referiu armazenar a água em caixas de amianto. Quando perguntados sobre a qualidade da água consumida, mesmo os 46,67% dos sujeitos que referiram considerar a água de boa qualidade, também destacaram não saber se a mesma continha \"veneno\". Os resultados evidenciam a importância do tratamento da água para consumo da população deste estudo, em conformidade com as normas contidas na Portaria MS no 518/2004, que estabelece procedimentos para controle e vigilância da qualidade da água para consumo humano, visando manter um padrão de potabilidade. Também revelam a necessidade de que as políticas públicas na área da saúde e meio ambiente encontrem medidas intersetoriais voltadas para as populações da zona rural, no que se refere ao saneamento ambiental, que é uma das principais bases da promoção da saúde humana. / Environmental sanitation is one of the most important means to control the prevention of diseases, the conservation of the environment, and the promotion of health. However, is not a reality in every part of the world, especially in the developing countries, where densely inhabited urban areas with precarious sanitation conditions can still be found, which represents a great concern to the professionals of public health. This problem revels itself particularly important to the people who are more exposed to possible risks of contamination, due to the lack of sanitation infrastructure, especially on rural environments. The purpose of this study is to verify the quality of the water used for human intake on the rural community if Fortaleza de Minas - MG, through the identification of the origin, captivation, treatment, storing and distribution of the water consumed, and the analysis of its microbiological, physical and chemical parameters. It also aimed to increase the population perception with regards to the quality of the consumed water. The study was developed in the Rural Community of the Chapadão neighborhood, using the Multiple Tubes technique for the microbiological analysis; for the identification and quantification of metals, the Spectrometry Atomic Emission - ICP-AES technique was used; and for the agro toxics, the high efficiency liquid chromatography technique was used. Interviews were made with 15 individuals from the rural community included in the study. The presence of Escherichia coli and Total Coliforms forms were detected in all the samples of the investigated water, above the permitted by the law 518/2004 of the Health Ministry - MS. Values above the permitted by the law 518/2004 of the Health Ministry were detected for turbidity, visible color and pH. The presence of the metals arsenic, cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, iron and manganese in same of the water samples, were higher than the values permitted by the law 518/2004 of the Health Ministry. The agro toxics &#945 and β-endossulfam and metalaxil were not identify in the water samples. The validation method developed for the analysis of the agro toxics &#945 and β-endossulfam and metalaxil was considered efficient, allowing it to be used in future analysis for the monitoring of &#945 and β-endossulfam and metalaxil in human consumed water. In regards to the perception of the individuals about the quality of the water, it was verified that 66,67% of the interviewed people did not used any kind of treatment for the water consumed, and the same percentage preferred to store the water in asbestos boxes. When asked about the quality of the water consumed, even the 46,67% of the individuals that preferred to consider the water of \"good quality\", emphasized not knowing if it contained \"poison\". The results show the importance of the treatment of the water for consume of this study population, jointly with precept contain in the Health Ministry law nº 518/2004, that establish procedures to control and watch the quality of the water for human consume, aiming to keep the pattern of potability. It also revel the necessity for public politics in the health and environmental departments to find joint measures focused on the countryside population, concerning the environmental sanitation, which is one of the bases for the promotion of human health.

Saneamento ambiental é um dos mais importantes meios de controle da prevenção de doenças, de conservação do meio ambiente e de promoção da saúde. Porém, não é uma realidade em todas as partes do mundo, principalmente nos países em desenvolvimento, onde ainda se pode encontrar áreas urbanas densamente povoadas com precárias condições de saneamento, representando uma grande preocupação para os profissionais da área de saúde pública. Essa problemática revela-se particularmente importante para as pessoas que estão mais expostas a possíveis riscos de contaminação, devido à falta de infra-estrutura de saneamento, principalmente nos ambientes rurais. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a condição da qualidade da água utilizada para consumo humano, na comunidade da zona rural de Fortaleza de Minas - MG, por meio da identificação da origem, captação, tratamento, armazenamento e distribuição da água consumida e da análise dos seus parâmetros microbiológicos, físicos e químicos. Visou também levantar a percepção da população em relação à qualidade da água consumida. O estudo foi desenvolvido na Comunidade Rural do Bairro Chapadão do município, tendo sido utilizada a técnica de Tubos Múltiplos para as análises microbiológicas; para a identificação e quantificação dos metais, empregou-se a técnica de Espectrometria de Emissão Atômica - ICP-AES e, para os agrotóxicos, a técnica de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Também foram feitas entrevistas com 15 sujeitos da comunidade rural, incluídos neste estudo. Foi detectada a presença de Escherichia coli e Coliformes Totais em todas as amostras de água investigadas, acima do valor permitido pela Portaria do Ministério da Saúde - MS no 518/2004. Foram detectados valores acima do máximo permitido para turbidez, cor aparente e pH, previstos pela Portaria MS no 518/2004. A presença dos metais arsênio, cádmio, chumbo, cobre, cromo, ferro e manganês, em algumas amostras de água, apresentaram valores acima do permitido pela Portaria MS no 518/2004. Os agrotóxicos &#945 e β-endossulfam e metalaxil não foram identificados nas amostras de água. O método de validação desenvolvido para análise dos agrotóxicos &#945 e β-endossulfam e metalaxil foi considerado eficiente, podendo ser empregado em futuras análises para o monitoramento de &#945 e β-endossulfam e metalaxil em água para consumo humano. Quanto à percepção dos sujeitos sobre a qualidade da água, foi levantado que 66,67% dos entrevistados não utilizavam nenhum tipo de tratamento para a água consumida, e o mesmo percentual referiu armazenar a água em caixas de amianto. Quando perguntados sobre a qualidade da água consumida, mesmo os 46,67% dos sujeitos que referiram considerar a água de boa qualidade, também destacaram não saber se a mesma continha \"veneno\". Os resultados evidenciam a importância do tratamento da água para consumo da população deste estudo, em conformidade com as normas contidas na Portaria MS no 518/2004, que estabelece procedimentos para controle e vigilância da qualidade da água para consumo humano, visando manter um padrão de potabilidade. Também revelam a necessidade de que as políticas públicas na área da saúde e meio ambiente encontrem medidas intersetoriais voltadas para as populações da zona rural, no que se refere ao saneamento ambiental, que é uma das principais bases da promoção da saúde humana. / Environmental sanitation is one of the most important means to control the prevention of diseases, the conservation of the environment, and the promotion of health. However, is not a reality in every part of the world, especially in the developing countries, where densely inhabited urban areas with precarious sanitation conditions can still be found, which represents a great concern to the professionals of public health. This problem revels itself particularly important to the people who are more exposed to possible risks of contamination, due to the lack of sanitation infrastructure, especially on rural environments. The purpose of this study is to verify the quality of the water used for human intake on the rural community if Fortaleza de Minas - MG, through the identification of the origin, captivation, treatment, storing and distribution of the water consumed, and the analysis of its microbiological, physical and chemical parameters. It also aimed to increase the population perception with regards to the quality of the consumed water. The study was developed in the Rural Community of the Chapadão neighborhood, using the Multiple Tubes technique for the microbiological analysis; for the identification and quantification of metals, the Spectrometry Atomic Emission - ICP-AES technique was used; and for the agro toxics, the high efficiency liquid chromatography technique was used. Interviews were made with 15 individuals from the rural community included in the study. The presence of Escherichia coli and Total Coliforms forms were detected in all the samples of the investigated water, above the permitted by the law 518/2004 of the Health Ministry - MS. Values above the permitted by the law 518/2004 of the Health Ministry were detected for turbidity, visible color and pH. The presence of the metals arsenic, cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, iron and manganese in same of the water samples, were higher than the values permitted by the law 518/2004 of the Health Ministry. The agro toxics &#945 and β-endossulfam and metalaxil were not identify in the water samples. The validation method developed for the analysis of the agro toxics &#945 and β-endossulfam and metalaxil was considered efficient, allowing it to be used in future analysis for the monitoring of &#945 and β-endossulfam and metalaxil in human consumed water. In regards to the perception of the individuals about the quality of the water, it was verified that 66,67% of the interviewed people did not used any kind of treatment for the water consumed, and the same percentage preferred to store the water in asbestos boxes. When asked about the quality of the water consumed, even the 46,67% of the individuals that preferred to consider the water of \"good quality\", emphasized not knowing if it contained \"poison\". The results show the importance of the treatment of the water for consume of this study population, jointly with precept contain in the Health Ministry law nº 518/2004, that establish procedures to control and watch the quality of the water for human consume, aiming to keep the pattern of potability. It also revel the necessity for public politics in the health and environmental departments to find joint measures focused on the countryside population, concerning the environmental sanitation, which is one of the bases for the promotion of human health.

Il est désormais avéré que les pratiques intensives de production agricole mises en œuvre depuis les années 1960 en Europe, sont responsables de la dégradation des écosystèmes et notamment de la qualité des eaux de surface et souterraines. Afin de respecter les objectifs de résultat définis par la Directive Cadre sur l’Eau à l’échéance 2015, les gestionnaires de la ressource ont désormais ciblés prioritairement la protection des zones d’alimentation des captages. Cela nécessite une évaluation environnementale à une échelle adaptée aux mesures mises en œuvre. Ces éléments expliquent les objectifs de cette thèse, à savoir la contribution au développement de méthodes d’évaluation environnementale des activités agricoles à l’échelle des territoires, en complément de celles déjà existantes. Nous avons ainsi utilisé (i) des méthodes d’analyse et de modélisation multicritère (ELECTRE) combinées avec un système d’information géographique au niveau de petits bassins versants élémentaires de 2 à 5 km2 (sur le bassin de l’Oir, en Basse Normandie, Nord-ouest de la France et celui d’Auradé sur les Coteaux de Gascogne, Sud-ouest de la France) (ii) une approche par modélisation spatiale (dénommée PIXAL) des risques agro-environnementaux en utilisant la télédétection et un SIG, au niveau d'un grand espace à enjeu environnemental de plusieurs milliers de km2, (Coteaux de Gascogne). Dans les deux approches, nous avons montré que la combinaison de critères de vulnérabilité des eaux et de pression agricole choisis de façon pertinente, permettent d’évaluer les risques agro-environnementaux à différents niveaux d’organisation spatiale. L'évaluation à la parcelle agricole (niveau de la prise de décision par les acteurs de terrain) procure une représentation au niveau du bassin versant élémentaire. L'évaluation au pixel de l’image satellitale (Landsat 5-TM) permet une représentation à différents niveaux de bassins versants emboîtés par agrégation. En perspective, un couplage entre un modèle d'analyse multicritère avec un modèle spatial, pourrait permettre d’améliorer la performance de l’évaluation aux différents niveaux de l’action publique ou de terrain et d’apporter des éléments de réponse supplémentaires à la problématique du changement d’échelle spatiale. / There is evidence that intensive farming practices applied in Europe since the 1960s are responsible for the degradation of certain ecosystems, and a reduction in the quality of surface and ground water. Excessive use of nitrogen-based fertilisers and pesticides have led to high concentrations of these substances being found in rivers, thus compromising raw drinking water sources. Soil erosion – caused by simplified crop rotations, feeding livestock on corn instead of grass, and the removal of elements such as embankments, trees, hedges, etc. – has been conducive to the transfer of these particles into surface water. The resulting turbidity has led to the clogging up of spawning grounds, with many negative effects on their biological quality. Complementing existing approaches, this thesis will focus on the development of methods for carrying out territorial environmental analysis of farming activities. For our study, we used (i) a multicriteria analysis and modelling (ELECTRE) combined with a Geographic Information System (GIS) on a selection of small elementary watersheds (ranging in size from 2 km² to 5 km²). These were located in the Oir basin, in Lower Normandy Region, in northwest France, and the Auradé basin, in the hills of Gascony region, southwest. We also employed (ii) a spatial modelling approach (PIXAL) to represent agri-environmental risks. Applied to an environmentally-sensitive area (hills of Gascony region) of several thousand square kilometres, the PIXAL method involved evaluating agri-environmental risks through a combination of remote sensing and GIS. In both cases, we showed that choosing the most relevant criteria allows agri-environmental risks to be assessed at different organisational scales. Analysis at farm plot level (where decisions are made by stakeholders in the field) gives a representation of the elementary watershed. Pixel-based evaluation, using satellite imaging (Landsat TM5), provides a nested multi-aggregation view of different watersheds. Placing this study in perspective, coupling ELECTRE-style multicriteria analysis with a spatial model could be an effective way to improve analysis at different policy-making and territorial scales, as well as providing additional support where assessment needs to switch between those varying scales.

Submitted by Adriana Martinez (amartinez@unoeste.br) on 2017-08-10T19:36:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno Magro Rodrigues.pdf: 8641064 bytes, checksum: f4d6d61246947f4905adf5a227d333ec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-10T19:36:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno Magro Rodrigues.pdf: 8641064 bytes, checksum: f4d6d61246947f4905adf5a227d333ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / The present work aimed to develop the cartographic project and production as a support to the environmental planning and analysis of the water resources` quality of the Pirapozinho watershed. To accomplish this, it was followed a script that contemplated the developmental stages of the cartographic design and production processes with the intention to subsidize the environmental analysis of watersheds. The principles of cartographic communication were applied in the design and production of thematic maps. The environmental analysis process was elaborated from the compilation of the data collected in the cartographic production stage, supported by physical-chemical and bacteriological analyzes of the surface waters of the Pirapozinho watershed. The work sought to reflect on environmental sustainability and land uses regarding to environmental quality and water resources. By means of the environmental situation identification in the studied watershed, correlations were made between the physical aspects raised and the surface water quality. The results pointed to impacts in the watershed due to the inadequate process of watershed occupation. A vegetative deficit stands out, as intense occupation of pasture and crops. Also noteworthy is the influence of industrial effluent discharges in the Pirapozinho river drainage head areas in its main course. The analysis of surface water indicated a possible points of water contamination. The parameters above the acceptable limit according to the resolution Conama 357/05, as amended by Conama Resolution 430/11, were: biochemical demand for oxygen, phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen and Escherichia coli. These changes are attributed to industrial and agricultural activities in the studied watershed. / O presente trabalho possuiu como objetivo desenvolver o projeto e a produção cartográfica como suporte ao planejamento ambiental e análise da qualidade dos recursos hídricos da bacia hidrográfica do rio Pirapozinho. Para isso foi seguido um roteiro que contemplou as etapas de desenvolvimento dos processos de projeto e produção cartográfica com o intuito subsidiar a análise ambiental de bacias hidrográficas. Os princípios da comunicação cartográfica foram aplicados no projeto e na produção dos mapas temáticos. O processo de análise ambiental foi elaborado a partir da compilação dos dados levantados na etapa de produção cartográfica, apoiado por análises físico-químicas e bacteriológicas das águas superficiais da bacia hidrográfica do rio Pirapozinho. O trabalho buscou trazer reflexões sobre a sustentabilidade ambiental e os usos da terra relacionados com a qualidade ambiental. Por meio da identificação da situação ambiental da bacia estudada foram realizadas relações entre os aspectos físicos levantados e a qualidade das águas superficiais. Os resultados apontam para impactos na bacia hidrográfica oriundos do inadequado processo de ocupação da bacia. Destaca-se um déficit vegetacional, e intensa ocupação de pastagem e culturas. Destaca-se também a influência do lançamento de efluente industrial em áreas da cabeceira de drenagem do rio Pirapozinho em seu curso principal. Pelas análises de águas superficiais foi possível identificar pontos de contaminação hídrica. Os parâmetros que encontraram-se acima do limite aceitável segundo a resolução Conama 357/05, alterada pela resolução Conama 430/11, foram: demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, fósforo, oxigênio dissolvido, nitrogênio total e Escherichia Coli. Atribui-se estas alterações as atividades industriais e agropecuárias na bacia estudada.