This Master’s thesis is focused on pricing, budgeting and calculation in domestic and foreign conditions. It analyzes and evaluates advantages and disadvantages of both ways of price development, as well as the price of a construction object itself in the Czech republic and abroad.

Orientador: Dalgerti Lelis Milanese / Banca: Júlio Borges de Souza / Banca: Haroldo Rodrigues de Azevedo / Resumo: Este trabalho tem o objetivo de abordar a Teoria da Potência Complexa Instantânea, a qual utiliza vetores espaciais instantâneos, e mostrar sua utilidade através de duas aplicações para cargas do sistema trifásico: A ponte retificadora trifásica de seis pulsos e o transitório de partida de um motor de indução trifásico. Os resultados obtidos são comparados com as grandezas de Buchholz-Goodhue no cálculo da potência aparente e do fator de potência, grandezas estas definidas na norma IEEEStd 1459/2000, para sistemas trifásicos operando em regime permanente em condições de desequilíbrio e com formas de onda não-senoidais. Mostra-se a sua utilidade para a análise destes dois sistemas e lança-se um pouco mais de entendimento da relação existente entre estas duas abordagens. A ponte retificadora trifásica é analisada em condições equilibradas, facilitando-se, portanto, a comparação com a teoria convencional para regimes equilibrados e não-senoidais. Com relação ao transitório de partida do motor de indução, fica evidenciado que este pode ser tratado como se estivesse operando em regime para cada valor do escorregamento, durante o período do transitório eletromecânico. / Abstract: This work aims to show The Instantaneous Complex Power approach, which uses instantaneous space vectors, showing its usefulness through two applications: The six pulse three-phase bridge rectifier and the starting transient of an induction motor. The results are compared to the Buchholz-Goodhue quantities, as defined in IEEE-Std 1459/2000, which deals with three-phase power systems under non-sinusoidal and unbalanced conditions. In this way it is possible to improve our understanding of the theory and the Buchholz- Goodhue approach. As the three-phase bridge rectifier is analyzed under balanced conditions, it facilitates the comparison of these two approaches with the conventional power theory for this case. Concerning the induction motor, it is shown that it can be treated as operating on steady-state sinusoidal conditions for every value of its slip during the electromechanical period of the starting process. / Mestre

Název práce: Netradiční fyzikální tabulky Autor: Karolina Slavíková Katedra: Katedra didaktiky fyziky Vedoucí diplomové práce: Mgr. Jakub Jermář, Katedra didaktiky fyziky Abstrakt: Hlavním výsledkem diplomové práce jsou elektronické fyzikální tabulky obsahující přes 300 položek objekt· a jejich vlastností - fyzikálních veličin. Tyto tabulky jsou součástí práce a jsou umístěny na jejím konci jako příloha. Práce se zabývá problematikou výběru vhodných objekt· z reálného života a použitím jejich typických vlastností pro tvorbu nových fyzikálních úloh. Její součástí je zmapování středoškolských učebnic, které tvořily podklad pro výběr objekt· a jejich vlastností, a dále tvorba elektronických fyzikálních tabulek a jejich využití ve výuce. Práce obsahuje čtyři vzorové příklady pro základní a střední školy a návod na použití elektronických tabulek. ást práce se zabývá názory na pro- blematiku hmotného bodu a metodami měření a odhadování fyzikálních veličin pomocí jednoduchých pom·cek. Klíčová slova: fyzikální veličiny, elektronické tabulky, tabelované hodnoty Title: Unusual physical tables Author: Karolina Slavíková Department: Department of Physics Education Supervisor: Mgr. Jakub Jermář, Department of Physics Education Abstract: The main outcomes of this thesis are electronic physical tables contai- ning over...

Females continue to have negative dispositions towards mathematics even though the performance gap between females and males has all but disappeared. While there are many hypotheses for why these negative dispositions exist among females towards mathematics, this paper explores the possibility that the field of mathematics could favor more masculine ways of reasoning at the exclusion of valid, non-masculine mathematical thought. To research this idea, the day-to-day, non-formal, non-school mathematical activities of two women were identified and analyzed. The analysis uncovered complex mathematical processes among both women that were fundamentally different from the mathematical processes common in the mathematics field. Such results seem to affirm the idea that females' ways of doing mathematics are not acknowledged or validated by the mathematics community and therefore suggest the development of more inclusive mathematics research and instruction.

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In much of calculus teaching there is an overemphasis on procedures and manipulation of symbols and insufficient emphasis on conceptual understanding of calculus topics. As such students to struggle to understand and use calculus ideas in applied settings. Research shows that learning calculus topics from a quantitative reasoning-perspective results in more powerful and flexible conceptions of calculus topics like integration. However, topics beyond introducing integrals and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, like u-substitution, have yet to be explored from a quantity-based perspective. In this study, I conducted a set of two clinical interviews where we discussed quantitative meanings of integrals, derivatives, and differentials and used those meanings to quantitatively develop u-substitution. This study suggests that given the scaffolding of the quantity-based tasks students can develop the u-substitution structure (substitution of the bounds, the function, and the differential) by applying quantitative reasoning. It also suggests that two-quantity quantitative relationships are critical to students' productive thinking about substitution. Finally, this study offers a theoretical and quantitatively grounded framework for understanding u-substitution.

<p> In very high resolution galaxy simulations, the supercomputers of today offer the possibility of enough resolution to capture the bubble of a supernova, though not the originating star itself. Modeling the energy released as originating from a single SPH particle initially arranged amongst a grid of particles requires the introduction of an artificial thermal conductivity term that allows the SPH method to resolve the thermal energy discontinuity inherently present in such a scenario. Such an artificial thermal conductivity is implemented in the SPH code GASOLINE. Resolution tests show that the method is insensitive to resolution changes when determining the radius of the Sedov-Taylor blast wave, and that the numerical solution agrees with the analytic prediction R = βE^1/5ρ0^-1/5t^2/5. The peak density at the shock is lower than the actual value of four times the ambient density, though it is found to scale with resolution. The density of the interior of the shock, near the center of the supernova remnant is found to be elevated compared to the value expected from the Sedov-Taylor solution, but this too is resolution dependent, and with increased resolution the central density converges towards the expected value of zero. The fluid quantities pressure and velocity are also found to be in good agreement with the profiles predicted by the analytic solution.</p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

L'étude de l'écoulement à l'aval d'une ride a un intérêt primordial dans la dynamique et l'évolution des rivières, des milieux côtiers ou des estuaires. Une des questions au coeur de ces écoulements est liée aux mécanismes d'interaction entre les particules et l'écoulement. Cette interaction donne souvent lieu à la formation de structures ondulées (rides ou dunes). Ce couplage est engendré au niveau de l'écoulement moyen, de la forme de la dune mais aussi au niveau de la macro turbulence et des structures tourbillonnaires instationnaires générées par la présence même des formes sédimentaires. L'identification des différents mécanismes et processus hydrodynamiques générés par la présence de dunes ou rides est exposée en détail par l'examen de l'écoulement laminaire à l'aval d'une ride fixe et isolée. Des techniques de mesure optiques 2D (PIV, visualisations) et 3D (Stéréo-PIV, tomographie laser) couplées à une étude numérique avec un code industriel, permettent de mettre en évidence l'instationarité, la tridimensionnalité de l'écoulement ainsi que la dynamique tourbillonnaire de la zone de recirculation à l'aval de la ride. L'impact de l'écoulement turbulent sur la naissance de dunes isolées est analysé au moyen d'une étude détaillée sur le transport de particules à partir d'essais menés en canal hydro-sédimentaire. Le rôle particulier de la zone de recirculation à l'aval de la dune est mis en évidence à l'aide d'un suivi spatio-temporel du transport des particules entre sa crête et sa face d'avalanche. Finalement, l'analyse et l'influence des conditions hydrauliques sur le seuil critique de mise en mouvement d'un lit de particules ainsi que la formation et la migration d / The aim of this study is to examine the processes leading to development a bed river, estuary or coastal environments morphology. The ability to investigate the complex nature of the interaction between fluids and sediments mechanisms and its role in bed transport and river stability is important to understand river evolution. Dunes or ripples are in frequent interaction with the bed. Hence, the topology of dune is related to the macroturbulence of the flow, mean flow field and the instantaneous structures of the vortices generated by these forms. Details of different mechanisms and hydrodynamic process generated behind a fixed single ripple are exposed by examining a laminar flow over the dune itself. Measurements with two-component Particle Image Velocimetry, three-component Stereo-PIV and flow visualization coupled with a numerical studies are performed to acquire and to obtain a detailed knowledge of the flow over the dune concerning the three-dimensionality, the instantaneous behavior of the flow and the large dynamic of vortex in the recirculation zone along the ripple. A set experiment generating turbulent flow is conducted in a hydro-sedimentary channel to detail the quantitative measurement of bedload transport processes in order to determine the effects of the turbulent flow on dune creation. A spatio-temporal monitoring of particles transport from crest to dune slip face is conducted to point the particular role of the recirculation region. Finally, the analyze and the effect of hydraulics conditions on the critical shear stresses for incipient particle motion as well as the formation and the migration of the mobile dune are emphasized by a geomorphological st

The concepts of units and units of measurement (UoM) are used in scientific and mathematicalapplications to encode variables and their types with units. There are many UoMlibraries, as identified by previous research, that exist that can handle and prevent unit errorsand failures that can arise if units are not handled properly, otherwise, the consequences ofnot using UoM libraries may have possibly disastrous implications. Previous research hascategorised thousands of UoM libraries, an indication that the ’wheel is being reinvented’time and time again instead of building on what was already done, indicating that thereexists a lack of adoption of these UoM libraries. It is therefore important to understand thescale of the lack of adoption and why that is the case. An exploratory-DSR style researchwas employed and developers and scientists were surveyed and interviewed to inquire whythis is the case, with results ranging from unawareness of these UoM libraries, to specificperformance concerns and even tradition and sticking to what already works. Towards theend, the thesis suggests possible solutions to relieving the lack of adoption of these UoMlibraries as recommendation for further UoM solutions, with recommendations rangingfrom including UoM libraries in standard libraries of programming languages to reducingthe complexity and verbosity of UoM solutions.

The Moment Recursion (MR) models are a class of models for tactical planning of job shops or other processing networks. The MR model can be used to determine or approximate the first two moments of production quantities and queue lengths at each work station of a job shop. Knowledge of these two moments is sufficient to carry out a variety of performance evaluation, optimization and decision-support applications. This paper presents a literature survey of the Moment-Recursion models. Limitations in the existing research and possible research opportunities are also discussed. Based on the research opportunities discussed, we are in the process of building a model that attempts to fill these research gaps. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)