Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Adelaide, School of Chemistry and Physics, Discipline of Physics/Special Research Centre for the Subatomic Structure of Matter, 2004? / "26 October 2004" Title from t.p. on PDF file; viewed 29 June 2005. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in a print form.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Adelaide, School of Chemistry and Physics, Discipline of Physics/Special Research Centre for the Subatomic Structure of Matter, 2004? / "26 October 2004" Bibliography: p. 74-76. Also available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-135).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-85).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-129).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-161).

Chiral perturbation theory is a useful tool in the study of low energy reactions involving light particles. However the inclusion of heavy particles in chiral perturbation theory results in large contributions from loop diagrams which violate the standard power counting scheme. We review two methods, referred to as heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory and infrared regularization, which remove the high energy effects of the heavy particles and which therefore do not violate the power counting scheme. We then use these two methods to calculate the amplitude for pion photoproduction to fourth order and prove that the two amplitudes are equivalent.

Since their original introduction, strongly complementary observables have been a fundamental ingredient of the ZX calculus, one of the most successful fragments of Categorical Quantum Mechanics (CQM). In this thesis, we show that strong complementarity plays a vastly greater role in quantum theory. Firstly, we use strong complementarity to introduce dynamics and symmetries within the framework of CQM, which we also extend to infinite-dimensional separable Hilbert spaces: these were long-missing features, which open the way to a wealth of new applications. The coherent treatment presented in this work also provides a variety of novel insights into the dynamics and symmetries of quantum systems: examples include the extremely simple characterisation of symmetry-observable duality, the connection of strong complementarity with the Weyl Canonical Commutation Relations, the generalisations of Feynman's clock construction, the existence of time observables and the emergence of quantum clocks. Secondly, we show that strong complementarity is a key resource for quantum algorithms and protocols. We provide the first fully diagrammatic, theory-independent proof of correctness for the quantum algorithm solving the Hidden Subgroup Problem, and show that strong complementarity is the feature providing the quantum advantage. In quantum foundations, we use strong complementarity to derive the exact conditions relating non-locality to the structure of phase groups, within the context of Mermin-type non-locality arguments. Our non-locality results find further application to quantum cryptography, where we use them to define a quantum-classical secret sharing scheme with provable device-independent security guarantees. All in all, we argue that strong complementarity is a truly powerful and versatile building block for quantum theory and its applications, and one that should draw a lot more attention in the future.

Dans cette thèse, nous avons optimisé avec succès tous les paramètres pour calculer l'état fondamental du systéme neutre [N,O, Cu]. L'étude de réactions impliquant NO et des métaux de transition est particulièrement intéressante pour le développement de catalyses efficaces pour la réduction de NO, en vue de sonder la possibilité d'une catalyse homogène impliquant les fragments Cu et NO; une prévision précise de la nature de l'interaction entre ces deux fragments est nécessaire en phase gaz. Il a été montré que les calculs MCSCF incluant 12 racines sont nécessaires pour avoir une convergence propre mais donnent des états inversés, l'asymptote. Pour décrire proprement l'état fondamental, nous utilisons les calculs MRCI sur 6 états par espèce de symétrie simultanément. Aussi nous montrons par calculs MRCI, que l'espace actif peut contenir tous les électrons 3d de Cu pour décrire précisément le système. Ici nous utilisons un CAS (22, 13) qui est proche de l'espace de valence complète du système. Nous avons développé une SEP analytique globale qui peut être utilisée pour modéliser les données ab initio obtenues. L'état lié est un état 1 A’ avec une énergie de rCu = 2.382 pm, rNO = 1.134 pm et tCu = 133.495. Nous avons également effectué des calculs précis sur l'état électronique fondamental et sur les états électroniques excités des diatomiques CuO et CuN et obtenu l'énergie de dissociation qui a ensuite été utilisée comme paramètre d'ajustement dans la représentation analytique. Les fondamentaux vibrationnels calculés se comparent bien avec les données expérimentales disponibles. Le potentiel analytique a été utilisé avec succès avec les meilleurs paramètres ajustés pour effectuer des calculs de dynamique quantique sur le complexe, dont les résultats indiquent une diffusion réactive avec un transfert de l'énergie translatoire vers l'énergie vibrationnelle dans le domaine de temps de la femtoseconde. Des résultats plus avancés non-inclus dans ce résumé impliquent des calculs CCSD(T), incluant des corrections relativistes, et une fusion originale entre les données MRCI et CCSD(T) et modélisées avec la SEP analytique, dont les résultats donnent un puit de potentiel plus profond et réduisent la distance de liaison rCu (distance Cu-NO). Nous avons aussi effectué des études de dynamique quantique avec un facteur d'impact variant (J > 0) et une diffusion des énergies de collision, toutes deux dans une approche soit isotrope, soit directionnelle du paquet d'onde initial. / This thesis aims at validating a theoretical protocol to develop global potential energy surfaces for use in the spectroscopy and dynamics of transition metal nitrosyl complexes. To get an insight into the homogeneous catalysis of NO with Cu and the chemical reaction dynamics, an accurate prediction of the nature of the interaction, as well as of the global potential energy surfaces (PES) is necessary in the gas phase. Experimental data are difficult to obtain, hence the importance of carrying out calculations of the lowest electronic states as accurate as possible to address the structure , spectroscopy and dynamics of this system. All ab initio calulations we report here were performed at the multi-reference configuration interaction (MRCI) and at the coupled cluster level of theory. We aslo investigate the importance of relativistic effects in the systems. For CuNO system, it is shown that a complete active space involving 18 valence electrons, 11 molecular orbitals and the prior determination of 12 roots in the MCSCF calculation is needed for overall qualitatively correct results from the MRCI calculations. The present calculations yield a bound singlet A' ground state for CuNO and comparared with previous results. We have obtained new, complete potential energy functions of the ground electronic states of CuO and CuN systems. Comparison of the term values for the lowest electronic states of CuO and CuN with those previously reported in the literature shows a quite good agreement. We derived a novel analytical representation of the adiabatic potential energy surface in the ground electronic state of the CuNO system as a sum of two-body and three-body terms. This compact and flexible representation enables us to make a physically correct interpolation of the ab initio data points at the MRCI level of theory. We use a modified Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm for fitting the potential, which has 19 adjustable parameters and which now enables us to do scattering dynamics of the CuNO system. We perform full dimensional quantum dynamical studies with this new potential. Convergence of the time dependent wavepacket calculation has been achieved. We find that the scattering in CuNO is highly inelastic. Intermediate, excited meta stable reaction products CuNO∗ live for about 0.5 to 1 ps and maybe more.

SENA JÚNIOR, Diniz Maciel de. Propriedades Vibracionais e Térmicas do Topiramato Cristalino. 2008. 129 f. Tese (Doutorado em Física) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2008. / Submitted by Edvander Pires (edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2015-05-04T19:42:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_tese_dmsenajunior.pdf: 1941905 bytes, checksum: cd866cd3390085e83129c5851eaff4d6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edvander Pires(edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2015-05-07T16:55:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_tese_dmsenajunior.pdf: 1941905 bytes, checksum: cd866cd3390085e83129c5851eaff4d6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T16:55:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_tese_dmsenajunior.pdf: 1941905 bytes, checksum: cd866cd3390085e83129c5851eaff4d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / The scientific interest on molecular crystals stems from their great versatility and ease of processing. For pharmaceutically active ingredients, the structure-activity relationship is of major importance. Topiramate, a white and crystalline solid, is a powerful drug efficiently employed to control epilepsy symptoms. The mechanism of action involves a negative modulatory effect on the AMPA/kainate subtypes of glutamate receptors and some types of voltage-gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels, and a positive modulatory effect on some types of GABAA receptors and at least one type of K+ channels in neurons. Despite its pharmacological attributes, the lack of publications regarding its physical-chemical properties in the literature is apparent. In order to fill this gap, a research comprising vibrational spectroscopy techniques (Raman and infrared), thermal analysis (TGA/DTA/DSC), and theoretical calculations, was carried out. With the aid of calculations employing density functional theory (DFT), most of the observed vibrational bands is assigned. Consideration of Raman spectra recorded at temperatures above and below room temperature, as well as under high hydrostatic pressures, indicated maintenance of the orthorhombic crystalline structure under the diverse thermodynamic conditions employed. Thermal analysis, however, showed that, after the melting point, the sample undergoes decomposition in a process comprising three stages, possibly initiated with loss of the sulfamate group by the molecule. This event inspired a theoretical study aimed at promoting the sulfamate group bond breakage in a controlled way by employing a laser instead of heat. This was accomplished by quantum dynamics simulations which showed that, by using a set of ultrashort pulses in the infrared region, it is possible to reach levels close to 70 % dissociation in less than 3 ps. / O interesse científico pelos cristais moleculares resulta da facilidade de processamento destes materiais, e de sua grande versatilidade. No caso de drogas, a relação entre estrutura e atividade é de suma importância. Topiramato, um sólido branco e cristalino, é um fármaco utilizado com bastante eficiência para controlar os sintomas da epilepsia. O mecanismo de ação envolve um efeito modulatório negativo nos receptores de glutamato do subtipo AMPA/kainato e alguns tipos de canais de Na+ e Ca2+ voltagem-dependentes, bem como um efeito modulatório positivo em alguns tipos de receptores GABAA e pelo menos um tipo de canal de K+ nos neurônios. A despeito de suas qualidades farmacológicas, a escassez de trabalhos relacionados às suas propriedades físico-químicas na literatura é evidente. Para ajudar a preencher esta lacuna, uma investigação envolvendo técnicas de espectroscopia vibracional (Raman e infravermelho), análises térmicas (TGA/DTA/DSC), e cálculos teóricos, foi realizada. Com a ajuda de cálculos empregando a teoria do funcional de densidade (DFT), a atribuição da maioria das bandas vibracionais observadas foi realizada. A observação dos espectros Raman obtidos em temperaturas acima e abaixo da ambiente, bem como sob altas pressões hidrostáticas, indicou que a estrutura cristalina ortorrômbica é mantida nas diferentes condições termodinâmicas empregadas. A análise térmica, entretanto, mostrou que, após a fusão, o material sofre decomposição em um processo que envolve três etapas, possivelmente iniciado com a perda do grupo sulfamato pela molécula. Este fato motivou um estudo teórico a fim de modelar a quebra da ligação do sulfamato de maneira controlada, utilizando um laser em lugar de calor. Isto foi realizado com simulações de dinâmica quântica, que mostraram que, através da utilização de uma combinação de pulsos ultracurtos na região do infravermelho, é possível atingir níveis próximos a 70% de dissociação em menos de 3 ps.