This study has compared the effect of milk pricing systems on the selection goals of dairy producers in two provinces of Canada, British Columbia (BC), and Quebec. These provinces were chosen for comparison as BC produces milk largely for a fluid market, while Quebec produces milk for a manufacturing market. Within BC, due to a higher utilization and higher milk price, the value/kg of skim on Vancouver Island was higher than that of the Vancouver Lower Mainland over the study period 1963-1982. Between the two provinces, the value/kg of skim in BC was found to be consistently higher than in Quebec over the 20 year period, while the value of fat was higher in Quebec than BC. In BC in 1980, the value of a kilogram of skim was approximately $0.30, whereas its value in Quebec was only $0.20. During the 1960s in BC, the value of skim represented one half the value of milk, and in 1982 it comprised two thirds of the value of milk, as compared to Quebec, where fat represented 43% of the value of milk. Net economic values were calculated by subtracting the dollar cost of production associated with the components of milk (carrier, fat and protein), from the gross value/kg of skim and fat. These values showed that the value/kg of protein was negative and decreasing in both BC and Quebec. The economic value/kg of butterfat has been consistently positive and increasing over the study period in BC and Quebec to $3.27 and $3.34/kg respectively in 1982. The relative economic values of carrier, fat and protein in BC and Quebec in 1982 were 0.08:1.00:-0.10 and 0.06:1.00:-0.12 respectively, which puts moderate selection on carrier and fat, and negative selection on protein. Selection index weights for carrier, fat and protein revealed that the BC dairy industry has always applied positive selection to the carrier and fat portion, and negative selection to the protein portion of milk. In 1982 the selection weights were 0.087:1.253:-1.189. The Quebec index has shown more fluctuation that BC, with less selection against solids compared to BC; (0.050:1.280:-0.657). Theoretical genetic goals of the BC dairy industry have been consistent at approximately 3.0% butterfat, 2.0% protein and 95.0% carrier. The genetic goals in Quebec have undergone wide fluctuations, but generally have signalled the dairy producer to increase both butterfat and protein. The goals of the two industries are now very similar, with the exception that Quebec continues to place higher value on solids than BC. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

L'etude suivante porte sur la traduction du theatre dans le contexte Canada/Quebec, de 1951 a 1994, et suit une methodologie empruntee a l'Ecole de Tel-Aviv et a l a «critique productive» d'Antoine Berman. Apres un survol des discours portant sur les litteratures et les dramaturgies canadienne et quebecoise en traduction, une analyse des douze pieces inscrites au corpus permet d ' identifier la fonction attribuee au traduit dans le contexte recepteur. De la fin des annees 60 jusqu'au milieu des annees 80, les dramaturgies franco-quebecoise et canadienne-anglaise sont marquees par la question identitaire . La traduction repond alors a un desir de creer un repertoire national, specifiquement quebecois d'une part et specifiquement canadien de l'autre. Cette specificite repose sur la mise en valeur de la difference, ressentie comme essentielle a L'elaboration d'une identite nationale distincte. Commune a chaque groupe linguistique, cette mise en valeur de la difference fait toutefois appel a des procedes fort divergents. D'un cote, la traduction franco-quebecoise met l'accent sur sa propre difference, au moyen d'adaptations qui prennent l'apparence d'un produit local et masquent l'origine du texte canadien-anglais. De l'autre, la traduction canadienne-anglaise souligne l ' alterite du texte quebecois en insistant sur son caractere non menacant et evite la cruciale question de la representation anglaise du joual, langue emblematique du nouveau theatre quebecois. A la fin des annees 80, les deux groupes linguistiques rorapent avec ce modele et affichent de nouvelles tendances. Au Quebec, ou le theatre canadien-anglais connait une popularity grandissante depuis 1990, l'obligation speculaire cede le pas au spectaculaire oblige et a la theatralite provocante qui servent a legitimer l'emprunt anglo-canadien. De son cote, la traduction anglaise du texte quebecois n'est plus confronted au joual mais au probleme que pose l'esthetique verbale hautement stylisee des pieces franco-quebecoises plus recentes. La traduction doit alors attenuer une exuberance langagiere qui heurte les normes en vigueur dans la dramaturgie canadienne-anglaise. La forte polarisation observee dans les strategies de traduction deployees de part et d'autre reflete l'asymetrie des positions occupees par les dramaturgies produites dans les langues officielles du Canada, ou l'anglais constitue la langue de la majorite et ou le francais demeure minoritaire. / Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies / Graduate

The ambiguous nature and the importance of ancient traditions adapting to modernization are very evident in the celebration of the winter carnivals held in Montreal between 1883 and 1889 and especially in Quebec City in 1894. In looking at the motivations of their organizers, it is possible to see a primarily economic goal: the attraction of large numbers of American tourists to help the local economy in the slow winter season by offering to them "cultural" spectacles of French and English Canada. According to the newspapers of the period, these new carnivals had no connection at all with the older cyclical and religious celebration of Carnival-Lent-Easter which were well-known and celebrated with enthusiasm in New France from the seventeenth century onwards. In fact the opposite was true. These events were seen as occasions for the amateur athletic clubs of the French and especially the English-speaking middle class of Quebec to put on spectacles of their winter sports like curling, snowshoeing and hockey. Along with this went the expectation of decorous behaviour within the limits of Victorian morality and an end to the traditional public drunkenness and boisterous behaviour traditionally associated with such occasions. The centrepiece of this event was the evening torch-light parade in and around the large ice palace, a tradition which the English speaking organizers of the five Montreal carnivals of the 1880's had borrowed from winter festivals of the Imperial Russian court. Paradoxically, this has survived to become one of most famous symbols of the present Carnaval de Quebec. The participation of middle class French Canadians and even the tacit support of the Catholic Church, one of the most persistent foes of the older carnival celebrations, both contributed immeasurably to the success of the new festival. This can be explained by three related phenomena: 1) A change in social mores in general between the beginning and the end of the nineteenth century gave the Church a large voice over the lives of French Canadians. 2) A greater process of regulation of the society, and especially the city, was reflected in and even responsible for the disappearance of several old community festivals of the past like the carnival. It is not yet possible to say conclusively whether the authorities suppressed these old festivals or whether the public simply abandoned them, though it appears to be a combination of both. 3) The economic transformation of the city of Quebec from a commercial centre to an industrial city, with the consequent social changes. Thus the study of the carnival raises cultural and social questions. By studying the history of the changes in the observance of the carnival and in who observed its celebration, it is possible to understand a little more about the mentality of the urban population of the time and to begin to understand their responses to the other changes taking place in the society around them. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

[No abstract] / Law, Peter A. Allard School of / Graduate

No description available.

No description available.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal. / Que fut le Comité catholique du Conseil de l'instruction publique et dans quelle mesure a-t-il rempli le rôle que le législateur lui avait confié en l’instituant? Telles sont les questions auxquelles répond la présente thèse, en s'appuyant sur les textes de loi et sur les documents officiels du Comité catholique. La première partie l'identifie et décrit son mandat. Les quatre parties suivantes explicitent son œuvre. Le Comité catholique a déterminé les structures scolaires, adopté des programmes, approuvé les moyens didactiques utilisés dans les écoles et organisé un système d'examens officiels. Il spécifia les droits et devoirs des élèves du personnel pédagogique et des inspecteurs d'écoles. Le gouvernement l'autorisa à distribuer le fonds de l'éducation supérieure et le fonds des commissions scolaires pauvres. La formation et la certification des maîtres faisaient partie de son mandat. Il fixa les normes à respecter dans les écoles normales et les scolasticats-écoles normales pour congréganistes, s'intéressa au perfectionnement des maîtres et contrôla l'attribution des brevets d'enseignement. L'éducation ménagère et familiale s'a jouta aux autres domaines auxquels il était affecté. Il permit aux catholiques anglophones de composer leur propre plan d'études élémentaire, secondaire et de formation pédagogique, parallèlement à celui de langue française, Nous pouvons affirmer que le Comité catholique a accompli la tâche que l'État lui avait assignée. À notre connaissance, cette étude portant sur le Comité catholique du Conseil de l'instruction publique et son œuvre n'a jamais été effectuée auparavant. Elle ouvre des perspectives de recherches aux esprits curieux de déchiffrer par ce biais l'énigme du présent.

Current explanations for the development of immersion programs in relation to language reform in Canada were found to be inadequate and superficial. The lack of attention to the existence of different sociopolitical contexts has, furthermore, flawed the sociological interpretation of programs. A comparative case study and multi-method approach was therefore proposed to examine the historical development of programs in two provinces with very different sociolinguistic and sociopolitical contexts, Quebec and British Columbia. Comparative analysis revealed that both commonalities and differences could be identified in the development of immersion programs in these two provinces and that these have implications for the political and sociological analysis of programs. In both contexts, it was seen that the implementation and expansion of programs has required similar organizational adjustments. The relationship of programs to language reform is, however, very different In Quebec, programs represent a community response to the changing status of French and are only indirectly related to federal efforts to implement a national policy of official bilingualism. In British Columbia, programs were initiated by parents, but eventually became directly related to federal involvement in language education and to Ottawa's efforts to implement a national language policy. By providing support to the parent association "Canadian Parents for French", Ottawa found a constituency in English Canada willing to promote official bilingualism. "Canadian Parents for French" and federal funding have played a critical role in the development of immersion programs in British Columbia; whereas in Quebec, neither of these elements has been an important factor in the expansion of programs. Although the development of immersion programs in Quebec and British Columbia has been framed by divergent language policies, in both provinces, the development of immersion programs reflects the adjustment of the English speaking community to the enhanced status of French. Similar sociological patterns were found in how the Anglophone community has made this adjustment and in how schools have been called upon to respond to societal change.

This thesis attempts to develop our understanding of the ultimate interprovincial rupture at the signing of the Social Union Framework Agreement (the SUFA) on February 4, 1999. Questioning the widely accepted "money talk" explanation, which argues that increased federal transfers motivated the ROC provinces to go along with the federal government at the expense of an interprovincial common front with Quebec, this thesis suggests analyzing the dynamics of the SUFA negotiation process with special attention to the visions of Canadian federalism to which the ROC provinces, Quebec, and the federal government had subscribed respectively. This analysis demonstrates that the final split between the ROC provinces and Quebec resulted from their discord over the question whether or not Canada is a mononational federation or a multinational federation.

Textes présentés lors du colloque tenu à Montréal en mars 1998. / "Une réalisation du Conseil de développement de la recherche sur la famille du Québec, avec la collaboration conjointe des Centres jeunesse Mauricie--Centre-du-Québec et de l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières". Conference held in Montreal March 1998. "Une réalisation du Conseil de développement de la recherche sur la famille du Québec, avec la collaboration conjointe des Centres jeunesse Mauricie-Centre-du-Québec et de l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières." Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 27 juillet 2005). Mode d'accès: Web. "Une réalisation du Conseil de développement de la recherche sur la famille du Québec avec la collaboration conjointe des Centres jeunesse Mauricie - Centre-du-Québec et de l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières" Une réalisation du Conseil de développement de la recherche sur la famille du Québec avec la collaboration conjointe des Centres jeunesse Mauricie-Centre-du-Québec et de l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières. Sur la p. de t.: Une réalisation du Conseil de développement de la recherche sur la famille du Québec avec la collaboration conjointe des Centres jeunesse Mauricie-Centre-du-Québec et de l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières. Textes présentés lors du colloque tenu à Montréal en mars 1998. CaQTU CaQTU CaQCU CaQCU CaQCU CaQHU CaQRUQR CaQRU CaQRU Includes bibliographical references. Comprend des bibliogr. Comprend des bibliographies. Paraît aussi en version papier. Publ. également dans Internet (visionné le 15 mars 2006). CaQCU CaQRU