Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:54:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseylsonFS_DISSERT_capa_pag209.pdf: 3245188 bytes, checksum: 4b076b4e873e6cc16ab7ec6ceb1c2c79 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The paper presents a discussion about gender and body in the drag queens experience at Natal city (RN). From the different concepts that characterizes the identity processes on subjects who perform gender transformation (transvestites, transsexuals and female impersonators), the justification for studying the drag character is observed as a means to understand matters that are important when you take such a position. Therefore, there is a need for a linkage between the various concepts responsible for this definition, in addition to considering the historical and cultural process responsible for the creation of such categories, identities and stereotypes among these individuals. In this sense it will be possible to carry out a critical analysis on the different social loads present in each representation, and understand what is at stake in the attribution of classifications and terminologies that are applied to different expressions of metamorphosis. This ethnography considers the debate from a field research conducted at LGBT social establishments and other performance spaces of these people, verifying their dynamics in these places and investigating relationships between performers, personas and characters and also backstage scene in which they participate / O texto apresenta uma discuss?o sobre corpo e g?nero na experi?ncia de drag queens na cidade de Natal (RN). A partir das diferentes concep??es que marcam os processos identit?rios sobre sujeitos que realizam transforma??o de g?nero (travestis, transexuais, transformistas), a justificativa por estudar o personagem drag se observa como um meio de entender que quest?es s?o importantes no momento de assumir tal posi??o. Nesse sentido, ? necess?ria uma articula??o entre os variados conceitos respons?veis por esta defini??o, al?m de considerar o processo hist?rico e cultural respons?vel pela cria??o de categorias, estere?tipos e identidades entre estes indiv?duos. Desse modo ser? poss?vel realizar uma an?lise cr?tica sobre as diferentes cargas sociais presentes em cada representa??o e compreender o que est? em jogo na atribui??o de nomenclaturas e terminologias que s?o aplicadas ?s diferentes express?es de metamorfose de g?nero. Esta etnografia contempla o debate a partir de um trabalho de campo realizado em estabelecimentos de sociabilidade LGBT e outros espa?os de atua??o destas pessoas, verificando suas din?micas nestes lugares e investigando rela??es entre int?rpretes, m?scaras e personagens tamb?m nos bastidores da cena da qual participam

To perform a physical performance test is a good way to keep track of one’s health and can be beneficial to find evidence of deviations in the body. This thesis focuses on the development of a mobile-based heart rate algorithm that can be used with the Queens College Step Test, on the behalf of Mobistudy. Mobistudy wants to include such a test in their mobile application which aims to become a tool for researchers to use to gather data. The algorithm uses the mobile device’s camera to collect data from the user’s finger and uses that data to calculate the heart rate. The algorithm was first tested with data collected during the development and the results has an average error of less than 5% and a standard deviation of less than 3%. Two participants between the age of 20-25 performed three sets each of the Queens College Step Test and the results showed that the algorithm was accurate in its estimation of the heart rate after the test. / Genom att utföra ett test av ens fysiska prestanda kan man utvärdera ens hälsostatus och upptäcka indikationer på avvikelser i kroppen. Syftet med detta arbete är att utveckla en mobilbaserad algoritm som kan beräkna och uppskatta ens puls när man utför the Queens College Step Test på begäran av Mobistudy. Mobistudy vill inkludera detta test i deras mobilapplikation som fokuserar på att kunna användas som ett verktyg inom forskning för att samla in data. Algoritmen använder sig av mobilens kamera för att samla in data från användarens finger och använder den insamlade data för att beräkna pulsen. Algoritmen testades först gentemot data som samlades in vid utvecklingsstadiet och resultatet visade på att genomsnittliga felet var under 5% samt att standardavvikelsen var under 3%. Två deltagare mellan åldern 20 och 25 utförde tre tester var utav the Queens College Step Test och resultatet visade att algoritmen var tillräckligt noggrann i sin uppskattning av pulsen efter ett utfört test.

This thesis focuses on a few of the different possibilities for an infill housing project. The site is located in Queens, New York, adjacent to the East River. The site is an old railroad yard. The surrounding neighborhood is a mixture of commercial and residential areas. The linear axis of the site offers the possibility for a strong horizontal object for the city. / Master of Architecture

As sociedades de vespas da tribo Epiponini caracterizam-se pela variação no número de rainhas durante o ciclo colonial, o que implica na ocorrência cíclica de muitas rainhas (poliginia), poucas (oligoginia) e até uma rainha (monoginia). Durante as primeiras fases do ciclo colonial existe um número maior de rainhas, mas conforme a colônia cresce, o número de rainhas diminui. Os Epiponini também são caracterizados pela complexidade morfológica e as síndromes de diferenciação de castas. Entretanto, para algumas espécies dentro dos Polistinae, a única forma de separar as fêmeas reprodutoras das não reprodutoras é pelo comportamento ou pelo grau de desenvolvimento dos ovários. O estudo do comportamento e as interações sociais junto com os estudos morfométricos podem ajudar no entendimento da evolução da complexidade encontrada dentro dos Epiponini. Por isso o objetivo deste trabalho é descrever o comportamento das rainhas e operárias em Metapolybia docilis, e suas interações. Foram realizadas observações individuais do comportamento das rainhas e operárias previamente marcadas de quatro colônias de M. docilis. Foi feito um catálogo dos atos comportamentais observados com maior frequência. Para as rainhas os comportamentos incluíam tanto displays como comportamentos relacionados às necessidades básicas como alimentação e higiene, nas operárias os comportamentos incluíam principalmente trabalhos de manutenção do ninho e policiamento. Para realizar as análises morfométricas todos os indivíduos das colônias C1, C2 e C3 foram coletados, foi determinada a idade dos indivíduos da colônia e oito medidas corporais externas foram tomadas de uma amostra de 50 operárias e de todas as rainhas das colônias. A colônia C1 estava em Fase Matura, a colônia C2 em Fase de Pré- Enxameagem, as colônias C3 e C4 em Fase de Estabelecimento. Os comportamentos realizados com maior frequência pelas rainhas das quatro colônias foram: curvar o abdômen (CA), dança de display (DD), inspeção de célula (IC), trofalaxia (Tx) e auto-limpeza (Limp). Os comportamentos realizados com maior frequência pelas operárias foram IC e Tx. O comportamento CA provavelmente é um comportamento display de dominância feito pelas rainhas e o comportamento DD provavelmente está ligado a interações competitivas ou de dominância entre as fêmeas das colônias. Não foi encontrada diferenciação morfológica significativa entre rainhas e operárias de M. docilis para as colônias C2 e C3, mas sim para a colônia C1. Dentro das colônias estudadas o controle na reprodução das fêmeas é feito mediante o comportamento e não por manipulação larval. As operárias e as rainhas testam a capacidade reprodutiva das outras rainhas mediante displays de dominância não agressivos para decidir que fêmeas continuaram encarregando-se de produzir novos indivíduos. As operárias possivelmente controlam a reprodução (mediante o policiamento de ovos), seleção das rainhas, e todos os outros aspectos dentro da colônia explorando o ambiente e as necessidades do ninho. / Epiponini wasps societies are characterized by the alternation in the number of queens from many (polygyny) to few queens (olygyny) or even one (monogyny) during the colony cycle. When the colony is in the growing phase there are many queens, but as colony grows queen number decreases and new queens will be produced only when queen number is close to one (monygyny). Epiponines wasps are also characterized by the complexity of the morphological caste syndromes. However, in some Epiponini species the only way to separate reproductives from not reproductives is by behavioral acts or by the degree of ovarian development. The study of behavior and social interactions, associated with morphometric studies, could help to better understand the evolution and complexity found within the Epiponini. We studied and described behavioral acts and interactions between queens and workers in Metapolybia docilis. We performed direct and indirect (video) observations of individual behavior of previously marked queens and workers from four M. docilis colonies. We catalogued the most frequently observed behavioral acts: for queens these behaviors included displays and basic need behaviors such as feeding and hygiene; for workers they included nest maintenance and policing behaviors. All the individuals from colonies C1, C2 and C3 were collected to perform a morphometric analysis and age determination by taking eight external body measurements from a 50 workers sample and from all the queens of the colonies. Colony C1 was in an Emergence phase, colony C2 in a pre-swarming phase, colonies C3 and C4 in a pre-emergence phase. Most frequently behaviors made by queens were bending abdomen (BA), dance display (DD), cell inspection (CI), trofalaxis (Tx) and grooming (G). Most frequently behaviors made by workers were IC and Tx. Bending abdomen (BA) is probably a dominance display made by queens, and dance display (DD) was probably a test behavior made by workers and queens to test another queens. For colonies C2 and C3 there is no morphological differences between queens and workers, but there is a slight difference for colony C1. Within the colonies, the reproduction control is performed by behavior and not by larval manipulation because we did not found morphological differences between castes. Workers and queens tested the reproductive capacity of the queens by non aggressive dominance displays in order to select which females perform the reproduction work in the colony. Workers probably control the reproduction (by worker policing on the eggs laid), queen selection and all the others tasks on the colony by scanning the environment and the needs of the colony.

As vespas da tribo Epiponini apresentam colônias com várias rainhas, cujo número varia durante o ciclo colonial. Nas colônias há inicialmente um número maior de rainhas, mas conforme o ciclo se desenvolve seu número diminui. Tem sido argumentado que nas colônias com indivíduos totipotentes pode haver conflitos de interesse entre rainhas e operárias. Neste contexto as operárias que são maioria poderiam ter uma vantagem para regular a produção de rainhas. Nos Epiponini o controle reprodutivo é feito possivelmente por sinalização química, que junto com posturas ritualizadas comunicam a presença da rainha na colônia. Como o processo de produção de rainhas é pouco conhecido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o comportamento de rainhas e operárias durante a fase de produção e seleção de modo a interpretar filogeneticamente as mudanças comportamentais entre as espécies. O estudo foi conduzido utilizando-se nove espécies de cinco gêneros: Chartergellus, Metapolybia, Protopolybia, Polybia, Brachygastra. Em cada colônia foram marcadas todas as rainhas, algumas operárias, e fêmeas recém-emergidas para realizar observações focais e filmagens dos comportamentos. Para promover a produção de rainhas foram feitos testes de remoção. Alguns dos comportamentos característicos das rainhas, e aqueles associados ao processo de seleção, tiveram sua origem interpretada filogeneticamente. O comportamento que melhor identifica as rainhas é o bending display I (BD1), um display de dominância feito das rainhas para as operárias, que foi basal para os Epiponini. O BD1 feito das operárias para as rainhas é uma apomorfía das operárias de Metapolybia. Outros comportamentos de teste entre rainhas surgiram independentemente em algumas espécies e poderiam estar relacionados com um aumento na complexidade das interações. Os testes das operárias estariam presentes no ancestral dos Epopinini indicando que elas controlam a seleção das rainhas. O comportamento de worker dance é utilizado principalmente pelas operarias dos clados de Polybia e Metapolybia para testar a capacidade reprodutiva das rainhas. Parece que os comportamentos ritualizados de dominância e de teste são utilizados como sinais honestos do potencial reprodutivo das fêmeas em vez de comportamentos agressivos. Em Metapolybia e Protopolybia exigua o BD1 é realizado com maior frequência após a eliminação da rainha e durante a seleção, diferente de Chartergellus e Protopolybia picteti onde não houve mudança. Em Chartergellus não houve um aumento dos displays, porque as fêmeas no geral não interagiam e a seleção é feita mediante a expulsão das rainhas. Em P. picteti nem todas as rainhas foram eliminadas. Em Metapolybia e Chartergellus no início do ciclo colonial há tolerância reprodutiva, e a eliminação das rainhas estimulou muitas fêmeas a ovipositar, mas o número eventualmente diminui. Este resultado mostra que a delimitação de casta poderia ser feita mediante algum tipo de sinalização química. Em Protopolybia há pouca redução do número de rainhas ao longo do ciclo e as intermediárias constantemente tentam botar ovos. Para as intermediárias é conveniente manter os ovários ativos para tentar atingir o status de rainha em uma nova colônia. A totipotência das fêmeas para desenvolver seus ovários é basal para os Epiponini. As operárias e intermediárias jovens, de idade intermediária e velhas podem desenvolver seus ovários diante da ausência da rainha. A flexibilidade é um traço muito importante nos Epiponini, uma vez que permite à população responder a situações adversas, mobilizando indivíduos a realizar diferentes tarefas segundo as necessidades da população. / Epiponini wasps have colonies with multiple queens, which alternate their number under different stages of the colony cycle. Initially there are several potential queens, but as the colony cycle develops, queen number is reduced. Because most of individuals remain reproductively totipotent there is great potential for conflicts over reproduction. Under this conditions workers could have an advantage to control queen production because they are the dominant caste. Reproductive control could be performed by chemical signals, which along with ritualized behaviors communicate queen presence in the colony. However, queen selection process is a little known across Epiponini, and for this reason our goal was to study queens and workers behavior during queen selection phase, performing a phylogenetic analysis to understand behavioral changes among species. We performed observations in nine species belong to five genera: Chartergellus, Metapolybia, Protopolybia, Polybia, Brachygastra. We marked queens, a sample of workers and newly emerged females to perform direct and video focal observations. To induce queen production, we performed queen removal tests. Some of queens characteristic behaviors and those associated with queen selection process were analyzed via phylogenetic optimization. Bending display I (BD1) is a dominance display performed queens against workers, is the behavior that better identify queens and is also basal for all Epiponini clades. BD1 perform from workers to queens is an apomorphy of Metapolybia. Another test behaviors performed among queens appeared independently in some species, and could be related with an increase of interaction complexity. Worker tests were present in the Epiponini ancestor, indicating that workers are in charge of queen control. Worker dance behavior was synapomorphic for the clade composed by Polybia, Metapolybia and their close related genera, in which workers test queens reproductive potential. Apparently, ritualized tests and dominance behaviors are used in Epiponini as honest signals of queens reproductive potential instead of aggressive behaviors. In Metapolybia and in Protopolybia exigua, BD1 is performed with high frequency after queen elimination and during queen selection process. On the other hand, in Chartergellus and Protopolybia picteti displays frequency did not change. In Chartergellus BD1 frequency did not change because females do not interact to each other a lot, also queen selection is performed by queens expulsion instead by tests. In P. picteti we possibly failed to remove all queens from the colony. Metapolybia and Chartergellus have reproductive tolerance between females during first stages of colony cycle, and queen elimination induced females to lay eggs, but queen number eventually is reduced. These results suggest that reproductive control in fact could be performed by chemical signals. On the other hand, in Protopolybia queens number change little during the colony cycle. In adition, intermediates constantly attempt to lay eggs. Persistence oviposition could be convenient for intermediates in Protopolybia to achieve queen status in new colonies. Females totipotency to develop ovaries is also basal for Epiponini. Not only young females develop their ovaries under queen lost; old and middle age individuals also attempt to replace the queen. Caste flexibility is decisive for colony survival of swarm wasps because allows colonies to respond efficiently to different situations that may eventually arise.

Beowulf presents a literary starting point in the discussion of peace weaving, reflecting the primary focus of Anglo Saxon epic poetry on the male hero rather than the peace weaver. Scholarship on peace weaving figures in the poem tend to negatively perceive the lack of female presence, and determine the tradition as one set up for failure. Adding historical peace weavers like Queen Emma to the discourse encourages scholars to view smaller successes, like temporary peace, as building on each other to ultimately cause the peace weaver to be successful at her task. From studying the life of Queen Emma, the continuous struggle of such a figure to be an influential presence in her nation is more evident. Combining the images of peace weaving set down by literature and then history prove that figures participating in the tradition are as vital to the heroic world as the warrior himself.

In a great deal of social scientific literature on gender, female impersonators have been framed as the example par excellence of crossgendering and crossdressing behaviour in the West. Perceived rather dichotomously as either gender transgressive or reinforcing of hegemonic gender norms, female impersonators occupy a very central position within the emerging fields of gay and lesbian, transgendered, and queer studies. Certain schools of feminist thought, dating back to the mid to late 1970s have framed female impersonators as misogynistic gay men who appropriate female bodies and a “feminine” gender from biological women. These theories argue that female impersonators utilize highly stereotypical and overly sexualized images of the feminine, in order to gain power, prestige, and status within the queer community. This study challenges popular feminist perspectives on drag, first on a theoretical level, utilizing advances in contemporary queer theory and secondly on an ethnographic level, based on a year long field study which involved both participant observation and unstructured interviews with several female impersonators and nightclub patrons at a local queeroriented nightclub in a city in southern Ontario, Canada. Aiming to understand the degree to which performers identified with the normative femininity they performed, this study argues for a more complex understanding of what motivates individuals to become drag queens, one that incorporates female impersonators unique subjective understandings of their own gender identities. Overall, this study calls for a more holistic perspective on female impersonation, which does not limit itself to any one theoretical model of drag.

In a great deal of social scientific literature on gender, female impersonators have been framed as the example par excellence of crossgendering and crossdressing behaviour in the West. Perceived rather dichotomously as either gender transgressive or reinforcing of hegemonic gender norms, female impersonators occupy a very central position within the emerging fields of gay and lesbian, transgendered, and queer studies. Certain schools of feminist thought, dating back to the mid to late 1970s have framed female impersonators as misogynistic gay men who appropriate female bodies and a “feminine” gender from biological women. These theories argue that female impersonators utilize highly stereotypical and overly sexualized images of the feminine, in order to gain power, prestige, and status within the queer community. This study challenges popular feminist perspectives on drag, first on a theoretical level, utilizing advances in contemporary queer theory and secondly on an ethnographic level, based on a year long field study which involved both participant observation and unstructured interviews with several female impersonators and nightclub patrons at a local queeroriented nightclub in a city in southern Ontario, Canada. Aiming to understand the degree to which performers identified with the normative femininity they performed, this study argues for a more complex understanding of what motivates individuals to become drag queens, one that incorporates female impersonators unique subjective understandings of their own gender identities. Overall, this study calls for a more holistic perspective on female impersonation, which does not limit itself to any one theoretical model of drag.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina Wilmington, 2008. / Title from PDF title page (viewed September 22, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-89)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009. / Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 334-352). Issued in print and online. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations.