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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Produ??o de enzimas quitosanol?ticas utilizando Paenibacillus ehimensis e Paenibacillus chitinolyticus para obten??o de quitoologossacar?deos

Araujo, Nathalia Kelly de 21 March 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NathaliaKA_DISSERT.pdf: 1804671 bytes, checksum: dc9249f4244d248101071758a918d9fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-21 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The acquisition of oligosaccharides from chitosan has been the subject of several studies in the pharmaceutical, biochemical, food and medical due to functional properties of these compounds. This study aimed to boost its production of chitooligosaccharides (COS) through the optimization of production and characterization of chitosanolytic enzymes secreted by microorganisms Paenibacillus chitinolyticus and Paenibacillus ehimensis, and evaluating the antioxidant potential of the products obtained. In the process of optimizing the production of chitosanase were employed strategies Fractional Factorial Experimental Design and Central Composite Rotatable Design. The results identified the chitosan, peptone and yeast extract as the components that influenced the production of chitosanase by these microorganisms. With the optimization of the culture media was possible to obtain an increase of approximately 8.1 times (from 0.043 to 0.35 U.mL U.mL-1) and 7.6 times (from 0.08 U.mL-1 to 0.61 U.mL-1) in the enzymatic activity of chitosanase produced by P. chitinolyticus and P. ehimensis respectively. Enzyme complexes showed high stability in temperature ranges between 30? and 55? C and pH between 5.0 and 9.0. Has seen the share of organic solvents, divalent ions and other chemical agents on the activity of these enzymes, demonstrating high stability of these crude complexes and dependence of Mn2+. The COS generated showed the ability of DPPH radical scavenging activity, reaching a maximum rate of scavenging of 61% and 39% when they were produced with enzymes of P. ehimensis and P. chitinolyticus respectively. The use of these enzymes in raw form might facilitate its use for industrial applications / A obten??o de oligossacar?deos a partir da quitosana tem sido alvo de diversas pesquisas na ?rea farmac?utica, bioqu?mica, alimentar e m?dica, devido ?s propriedades funcionais destes compostos. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de potencializar a produ??o de quitooligossacar?deos (QOS), atrav?s da otimiza??o da produ??o e caracteriza??o de enzimas quitosanol?ticas secretadas pelos microrganismos Paenibacillus chitinolyticus e Paenibacillus ehimensis, e avalia??o do potencial antioxidante dos produtos obtidos. No processo de otimiza??o da produ??o de quitosanases foram empregadas as estrat?gias de Planejamento Experimental Fatorial Fracionado e Delineamento Central Composto Rotacional. Os resultados encontrados identificaram a quitosana, a peptona e o extrato de levedura como os componentes que mais influenciaram na produ??o de quitosanases por estes microrganismos. Com a otimiza??o dos meios de cultivo foi poss?vel obter um aumento de aproximadamente 8,1 vezes (de 0,043U.mL-1 para 0,35U.mL-1) e de 7,6 vezes (de 0,08U.mL-1 para 0,61U.mL-1) na atividade enzim?tica de quitosanases produzidas pelos P. chitinolyticus e P. ehimensis, respectivamente. Os complexos enzim?ticos mostraram alta estabilidade nas faixas de temperatura entre 30?C e 55?C, e de pH entre 5,0 e 9,0. Foi vista a a??o de solventes org?nicos, ?ons bivalentes e outros agentes qu?micos sobre a atividade destas enzimas, demonstrando alta estabilidade destes complexos brutos e depend?ncia de Mn2+. Os QOS gerados mostraram habilidade de seq?estro do radical DPPH, atingindo uma taxa m?xima de seq?estro de 61% e 39% quando estes foram produzidos com enzimas do P. ehimensis e P. chitinolyticus, respectivamente. A utiliza??o dessas enzimas na forma bruta poder? facilitar seu uso para aplica??es industriais
2

Produ??o e caracteriza??o de quitooligossacar?deos produzidos pelo fungo Metarhizium anisopliae e avalia??o da citotoxicidade em c?lulas tumorais

Assis, Cristiane Fernandes de 18 January 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:05:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianeFA_TESE.pdf: 2715743 bytes, checksum: 62bfe71508cd021b46627368e67b663d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Chitosan is a natural polymer, biodegradable, nontoxic, high molecular weight derived from marine animals, insects and microorganisms. Oligomers of glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) have interesting biological activities, including antitumor effects, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant and others. The alternative proposed by this work was to study the viability of producing chitooligosaccharides using a crude enzymes extract produced by the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. Hydrolysis of chitosan was carried out at different times, from 10 to 60 minutes to produce chitooligosaccharides with detection and quantification performed by High Performace Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The evaluation of cytotoxicity of chitosan oligomers was carried out in tumor cells (HepG2 and HeLa) and non-tumor (3T3). The cells were treated for 72 hours with the oligomers and cell viability investigated using the method of MTT. The production of chitosan oligomers was higher for 10 minutes of hydrolysis, with pentamers concentration of 0.15 mg/mL, but the hexamers, the molecules showing greater interest in biological properties, were observed only with 30 minutes of hydrolysis with a concentration of 0.004 mg/mL. A study to evaluate the biological activities of COS including cytotoxicity in tumor and normal cells and various tests in vitro antioxidant activity of pure chitosan oligomers and the mixture of oligomers produced by the crude enzyme was performed. Moreover, the compound with the highest cytotoxicity among the oligomers was pure glucosamine, with IC50 values of 0.30; 0.49; 0.44 mg/mL for HepG2 cells, HeLa and 3T3, respectively. Superoxide anion scavenging was the mainly antioxidant activity showed by the COS and oligomers. This activity was also depending on the oligomer composition in the chitosan hydrolysates. The oligomers produced by hydrolysis for 20 minutes was analyzed for the ability to inhibit tumor cells showing inhibition of proliferation only in HeLa cells, did not show any effect in HepG2 cells and fibroblast cells (3T3) / A quitosana ? um pol?mero natural, biodegrad?vel, n?o t?xico e de alta massa molecular obtido a partir de animais marinhos, insetos e microrganismos. Os olig?meros de glicosamina (GlcN) e N-acetilglicosamina (GlcNAc) t?m atividades biol?gicas interessantes, incluindo efeitos antitumorais, atividade antimicrobiana, antioxidante entre outras. A alternativa proposta por este trabalho foi estudar a viabilidade de produ??o de quitooligossacar?deos utilizando um extrato bruto de enzimas produzidas pelo fungo Metarhizium anisopliae. A hidr?lise da quitosana foi realizada em diferentes tempos, de 10 a 60 minutos para a produ??o de quitooligossacar?deos e a detec??o e quantifica??o foi realizado pela Cromatografia L?quida de Alta Efici?ncia. A avalia??o da citotoxicidade dos olig?meros de quitosana foi realizada em c?lulas tumorais (HepG2 e HeLa) e n?o tumoral (3T3). As c?lulas foram tratadas durante 72 horas com os olig?meros e a viabilidade celular foi feita usando o m?todo do MTT. A produ??o de olig?meros de quitosana teve maiores rendimentos durante 10 minutos de hidr?lise, os pent?meros apresentaram concentra??o de 0,15 mg/mL, por?m os hex?meros, que apresentam maior interesse pelas suas propriedades biol?gicas, s? foram detectados com 30 minutos de hidr?lise apresentando uma concentra??o de 0,004 mg/mL. Um estudo visando avaliar as atividades biol?gicas dos QCOS entre elas a citotoxicidade em c?lulas tumorais e normais e v?rios testes de atividade antioxidante in vitro entre olig?meros puros de quitosana e a mistura dos olig?meros produzidos pelo extrato bruto enzim?tico foi realizado. A glicosamina foi o composto com a maior toxicidade dentre os olig?meros puros, apresentando valores de IC50 0,30; 0,49; 0,44 mg/mL para c?lulas HepG2, HeLa e 3T3, respectivamente. O seq?estro do ?nion super?xido foi a principal atividade antioxidante mostrada pelos QCOS. Sendo que essa atividade tamb?m foi dependende da composi??o dos hidrolisados de quitosana. Os olig?meros produzidos por hidr?lise durante 20 minutos foram analisados quanto ? capacidade de inibir c?lulas tumorais mostrando inibi??o da prolifera??o apenas nas c?lulas HeLa, n?o apresentando nenhum efeito em c?lulas HepG2 e c?lulas de fibroblastos (3T3)

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