Thesis--Rotterdam. / "Stellingen" leaf inserted. Includes bibliographical references (p. [261]-268).

This research is an examination of the impact of gender quotas in EU legislative bodies, analyzing data regarding the increase of women in national governments since quota implementation. This paper analyzes and compares the results of four case studies: France, Spain, Romania and Slovenia. The data is analyzed relative to their respective histories, cultures and political systems. The sources used for obtaining numerical data are government/EU documents, other academic work, and newspaper articles that have been published on the subject. Due to the limited scope of the research, the purpose is not to draw any definite, far-reaching conclusions about gender quotas in European Union legislatures. Rather, it is a demonstration of the knowledge acquired in conducting the research and how it may be pertinent to further research.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1976. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 289-301). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

No description available.

The first South Sudanese elections in 2010 returned high proportions of women parliamentarians (32 per cent), largely as a result of gender quota provisions. In the case of post-conflict countries such as South Sudan, processes of political restructuring and constitutional ‘engineering’ can present opportunities for issues of women’s political representation to be institutionalised through gender quota laws. However, the gap between formal laws and their implementation in practice can result in uneven outcomes, particularly in the context of deeply entrenched patriarchal attitudes and customs. Furthermore, whilst the comparative literature underscores the importance of factors such as institutional environment, ‘goodness of fit’, and sanctions for non-compliance in explaining successful outcomes, such elements are routinely absent in sub-Saharan Africa. It is important, therefore, to explain the apparent success story of gender quotas in South Sudan. There are few in-depth stories of the implementation of gender quotas. As such, the mix of formal rules and informal norms that plays out in a particular context – i.e. the rules-in-use – has been asserted rather than captured in practice. The thesis argues that tracing these micro processes is particularly important in post-conflict cases where formal political institutions are fragile and embryonic. The thesis aims to: a) tell the story of the adoption and implementation of gender quotas in South Sudan; b) identify key actors (including political parties), institutional processes, practices, and exogenous and endogenous factors contributing to success; c) explore the role of rules-in-use in implementation; and d) problematise the ‘success’ of quotas and future prospects for women by examining formal and informal institutions and their design. The study employs documentary analysis, interviews and observation methods, using a broadly institutionalist approach. Intensive fieldwork in South Sudan was conducted for one year from July 2010 to 2011, including informal discussions and briefings with political, religious and local government elites, female parliamentarians, and experts in the media, international development and academia. The thesis argues that political institutions are gendered, and therefore the understanding of adoption and implementation processes and norms is crucial to understanding both the success and shortfalls of gender quotas. It argues that political elites matter because they frame popular mandates, strategic discourses and the authoritative drive for quotas. Analysing the interaction between old and new institutions, the thesis shows the impact of legacies on outcomes. It argues that institutional design matters because the use of reserved-seat quotas had unintended consequences which diluted the impact of gender quota on the wider system by concentrating women. Although women are not formally confined to quota seats, in practice female aspirants seeking mainstream candidacies encountered considerable resistance, demonstrating the existence of informal norms which constrained their access to political power. The success of gender quotas is fragile and future prospects for women’s representation are uncertain. Gender quotas are constitutionally enshrined and there is continued evidence of rhetorical support. However, the new political institutions are deeply permeated with traditional norms and power dynamics that blunt the reformist potential of quotas and reinforce the gender status quo. The thesis provides a benchmark study of women and political recruitment in South Sudan and contributes a new empirical case to the comparative gender quotas literature, as well as to the regional literature on gender in post-conflict contexts.

Essa pesquisa procura analisar as trajetórias acadêmicas e as perspectivas profissionais dos alunos aprovados pelo sistema de cotas para negros da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP). No primeiro capitulo é feita uma descrição do estado da arte das pesquisas e das obras clássicas sobre as relações raciais no Brasil. No segundo capítulo é feita uma breve discussão sobre as ações afirmativas e da política de cotas para negros no Brasil No terceiro capítulo procurou-se realizar uma descrição e uma reflexão sobre o processo de discussão da política de cotas na UNIFESP. O quarto capítulo apresenta os dados relativos à trajetória socioeconômica e acadêmica dos alunos negros cotistas da UNIFESP. O quinto capítulo faz uma análise dos principais argumentos utilizados pelos Ministros do Supremo Tribunal Federal para apoiar a constitucionalidade da política de cotas para negros. / This research attempts to analyze the academic trajectories and career prospects of black students approved by the quota system at Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP). . In the first chapter is made a description of the state of the art about research and classic works on racial relations in Brazil. The second chapter is an brief introduction to the discussion of affirmative action and policy of quotas for blacks in Brazil. In the third chapter we attempted to make a description of and reflection about the discussion process and the implementation of quotas at UNIFESP. The fourth chapter presents data on the socio-economic trajectory and academic perspective of black students benefited from the policies of quotas in this university. The fifth chapter makes some thoughts about the leading arguments utilized by the Brazilian Supreme Court Justices in order to uphold the constitutionality of the quota policy for black students.

Essa pesquisa procura analisar as trajetórias acadêmicas e as perspectivas profissionais dos alunos aprovados pelo sistema de cotas para negros da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP). No primeiro capitulo é feita uma descrição do estado da arte das pesquisas e das obras clássicas sobre as relações raciais no Brasil. No segundo capítulo é feita uma breve discussão sobre as ações afirmativas e da política de cotas para negros no Brasil No terceiro capítulo procurou-se realizar uma descrição e uma reflexão sobre o processo de discussão da política de cotas na UNIFESP. O quarto capítulo apresenta os dados relativos à trajetória socioeconômica e acadêmica dos alunos negros cotistas da UNIFESP. O quinto capítulo faz uma análise dos principais argumentos utilizados pelos Ministros do Supremo Tribunal Federal para apoiar a constitucionalidade da política de cotas para negros. / This research attempts to analyze the academic trajectories and career prospects of black students approved by the quota system at Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP). . In the first chapter is made a description of the state of the art about research and classic works on racial relations in Brazil. The second chapter is an brief introduction to the discussion of affirmative action and policy of quotas for blacks in Brazil. In the third chapter we attempted to make a description of and reflection about the discussion process and the implementation of quotas at UNIFESP. The fourth chapter presents data on the socio-economic trajectory and academic perspective of black students benefited from the policies of quotas in this university. The fifth chapter makes some thoughts about the leading arguments utilized by the Brazilian Supreme Court Justices in order to uphold the constitutionality of the quota policy for black students.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Bern.

M.Com. (Economics) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-165).