Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-04-11T11:51:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 José Pedro Pacheco do Amaral.pdf: 926727 bytes, checksum: c26daf41edd0fb00e4d2136efbe543fe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-11T11:51:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 José Pedro Pacheco do Amaral.pdf: 926727 bytes, checksum: c26daf41edd0fb00e4d2136efbe543fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / Fundação São Paulo - FUNDASP / Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo - PUCSP / This study aims at addressing the liability of the assignor of shares in a limited company regarding the hidden liabilities verified in the limited company after the acquisition of shares by the assignee. To this end, based on a broad conceptual framework of the proposed theme, our study was divided into three parts. Firstly, we present the core elements for the subsequent confrontation of the proposed problematic: the concepts of limited company and of social capital; the characteristics of the shares, a will that will be transferred from the assignor to the assignee; the legal transaction of the assignment of shares; the purchase price of shares; and the concept of hidden liabilities. Secondly, we approach the institutes provided by law that may possibly support the liability of the assignor’s liability by the hidden liabilities. In this perspective, we address the interpretation of Article 1,003, sole paragraph of the Brazilian Civil Code: the institutes of error, fraud and injury; the redhibitory defects; the possibility of annulment of the legal transaction; and the analogical application of Article 1,146 of the Brazilian Civil Code to the assignment of shares. Finally, in the last part, we address the contractual practices applied to characterize or even to prevent the assignor’s liability by the hidden liabilities. We approach the due diligence of the representations and warranties clauses included in the share assignment contract, as well as of the clauses included in the share assignment contract that deal expressly with the transferor's liability by the hidden liabilities / A presente dissertação de mestrado versa sobre a responsabilidade do cedente de quotas de sociedade limitada em função de passivos não contabilizados (ocultos) verificados na sociedade limitada após a aquisição de quotas pelo cessionário. Para esse fim, apoiados em ampla bibliografia sobre o tema proposto, o estudo foi dividido em três partes. Na primeira, apresentamos os elementos fundamentais para o posterior enfrentamento da problemática proposta: os conceitos de sociedade limitada e de capital social; as características das quotas, bem que será transferido do cedente ao cessionário; o negócio jurídico de transferência das quotas; o preço de aquisição das quotas; e o conceito de passivo oculto. Na segunda parte, expomos os institutos previstos em lei que eventualmente possam embasar a responsabilidade do cedente pelo passivo oculto. Nesse sentido, abordamos a interpretação do parágrafo único do art. 1.003 do Código Civil: os institutos do erro, dolo e lesão; os vícios redibitórios; a possibilidade de anulação do negócio jurídico; e a aplicação analógica do art. 1.146 do Código Civil à cessão de quotas. Finalmente, na última parte, tratamos de práticas contratuais utilizadas para caracterizar ou mesmo prevenir a responsabilidade do cedente pelo passivo oculto. No caso, abordamos a due diligence das cláusulas de representations and warranties inseridas em contratos de cessão de quotas, assim como das próprias cláusulas inseridas em contratos de cessão de quotas que tratam, expressamente, da responsabilidade do cedente pelo passivo oculto

Ce mémoire est structuré en deux parties connexes : la première tente d’établir les fondements de la justice distributive dans le contexte des changements climatiques ; la seconde analyse six principes distributifs susceptibles d’éclairer l’élaboration des politiques internationales d’atténuation de l’effet de serre : les principes d’égalité, de priorité, de contraction & convergence, du « pollueur-payeur », de responsabilité historique, et de capacité. En ce qui concerne les fondements, les paradigmes de biens publics mondiaux et de droits humains fondamentaux semblent offrir de solides assises pour comprendre le caractère obligatoire de la justice climatique. Concernant l’adoption des principes distributifs, une perspective plurielle permet d’apporter un éclairage unique sur différents aspects de la distribution des quotas d’émissions et de rendre compte avec plus de force des raisons pour lesquelles les nations désignées comme étant responsables ont le devoir moral de passer à l’action. / This dissertation is organized into two related parts : the first attempts to establish the foundations of distributive justice in the context of climate change; the second analyses six distributive principles that can enlighten international mitigation policies : the principles of equality, priority, contraction & convergence, “polluter pays”, historical accountability and capacity. As regards the foundations of distributive justice, paradigms of global public goods and basic human rights seem to provide a solid basis for understanding the binding nature of climate justice. On the adoption of distributive principles, a plural perspective can provide unique insights into different aspects of the distribution of emissions quotas and reflect more strongly the reasons why nations designated as accountable for the greenhouse effect have a moral duty to take action.

本文採用 Grossman and Helpman (1994) 所建立的政治獻金模型為架構，來分析國內外廠商如何透過政治獻金的捐贈，以達到影響政府對於貿易管制政策中關稅或配額政策的偏好，進一步我們可得出關稅與配額等價性成立與否之結論。本文研究發現，首先，在兩國廠商皆無政治獻金遊說的情況下，關稅與配額等價性的命題不會成立。其次，在兩國廠商有政治獻金遊說的情況下，除了一個特例的情形外，本國政府均會偏好採用從量關稅政策，此時，關稅與配額等價性的命題將無法成立。 / This paper applies the original model of Grossman and Helpman (1994) and analyzes how the domestic and foreign firms may influence the incumbent government’s choice of trade policy via political contributions. Besides, we can examine whether the arguments for the equivalence of tariffs and quotas, may in fact hold or not given the political contributions. It is shown that in the case of no campaign contributions, the equivalence of tariffs and quotas will not hold. Furthermore, when the firms in the two countries lobby by political contributions, the domestic government will adopt a tariff policy except some special case. Then the equivalence of tariffs and quotas will not hold.

Esta dissertação propõe-se a analisar a regulamentação da exclusão extrajudicial de sócio na sociedade empresária limitada no direito brasileiro, tendo como núcleo da pesquisa a incidência e aplicação das disposições do artigo 1.085 do Código Civil sobre o tema, a partir do qual são abordados os requisitos de ordem material e procedimental necessários para que se possa lançar mão de tal ferramenta jurídica, que tem por principal objetivo a proteção da empresa e de sua continuidade diante dos atos de inegável gravidade praticados pelos sócios minoritários. Busca-se analisar os elementos que permitam uma compreensão do instituto a fim de facilitar e disseminar sua utilização. Para tanto, aborda-se no primeiro capítulo os pressupostos deontológicos do contrato de sociedade limitada no direito brasileiro, com a análise dos deveres dos sócios e da utilização do fim social como parâmetro interpretativo da conduta dos sócios frente tais deveres. No segundo capitulo é abordada a justa causa da exclusão extrajudicial de sócio no Código Civil brasileiro, sendo realizada a apresentação das justas causas da exclusão judicial e extrajudicial de sócio, para que, posteriormente, seja abordado o conceito de atos de inegável gravidade que coloquem em risco a continuidade da empresa. No terceiro parágrafo são analisados os requisitos prévios ao conclave no qual será tomada a deliberação de exclusão de sócio. Finalmente, no quarto capítulo são abordados os requisitos formais relativos ao conclave no qual a deliberação do sócio será tomada. / This master thesis proposes to examine the regulation of the non-judicial expel of a partner from the limited liability companies in the Brazilian Law. The research has as its core the provisions of the article 1085 of the Brazilian Civil Code, from which it examines the material and the procedural requirements for the company to use the legal tool represented by the non-judicial expel of a partner. The main purpose of such non-judicial expel is to protect the company and the continuity of its enterprise, regarding the undeniable gravity of acts committed by the minority of shareholders. This essay aims to analyse the elements that allow an understanding of the institute to facilitate and disseminate their use. For that, it is discussed in the first chapter the ethical assumptions of the limited liability companies in the Brazilian Law, with the analysis of the partners duties and the use of the company purposes as an interpretative parameter of the members conduct considering those duties. In the second chapter it is addressed the cause of the non-judicial expel of a partner in the Brazilian Civil Code. In this part of the essay, the causes of judicial and non-judicial expel of a partner will be compared to gather the elements to analyse the concept used by the article 1085 of the Brazilian Civil Code: the acts of undeniable gravity to bring the enterprise continuity into risk. In the third chapter, the requirements prior to the conclave, in which the determination of expel of a partner will be taken, are analysed. Finally, the fourth chapter examines the formal requirements concerning the conclave in which the expel of the partner will be decided.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:50:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3530.pdf: 3939391 bytes, checksum: 555a1e91c6d19c737e2b04d918e65d42 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-18 / Frequent changes in consumer behavior and the characteristics of complexity and competition involving the market demands constant innovation in products, technologies, management strategies and management systems, including the systems that make the integration between the company and its customers or suppliers, as well as systems that integrate or coordinate business processes. In this scenario, understanding and managing of the vendors and/or sales representatives of the company turn out to be an essential factor for the company to remain competitive in the market. In this light, the process of determining and allocating sales quotas appears as integral and important part of the sales management process, which allows, among other things, the evaluation of vendor performance toward the goals set by the company. The purpose of this thesis was to establish a set of procedures to forecast appropriately, sales in the footwear industry and from then on, build a model to determine sales quotas which meets the specific of a sector and integrate two important functions of the company: Sales and Production. Semi-structured interviews with sales professionals, as well as production planning and control were made to subsidize the development of the proposal. The evaluation of the proposal was made by means of a case study in a footwear company in the city of Franca (SP). It was concluded that demand management in the footwear industry, is connected to the quotas they should limit (directly or indirectly) to sales due to the production capacity available and the considered models, in this study, meet the criteria to the studied situation. / As frequentes mudanças no comportamento do consumidor e as características de complexidade e competição que envolvem o mercado demandam inovações constantes nos produtos, tecnologias, estratégias de gestão e sistemas de gestão, entre eles, os sistemas que fazem a integração entre a empresa e seus clientes ou fornecedores, bem como os sistemas que integram ou coordenam processos da empresa. Neste cenário, a compreensão e administração dos vendedores e/ou representantes de vendas da empresa revelam-se um fator essencial para a empresa manter-se competitiva no mercado. Sob esta ótica, o processo de determinação e alocação de quotas de vendas aparece como parte integrante e importante do processo de gestão de vendas, o que permite, entre outras coisas, a avaliação do desempenho do vendedor em direção aos objetivos traçados pela empresa. A proposta desta tese foi estabelecer um conjunto de procedimentos para prever, de forma adequada, as vendas na indústria de calçados e, a partir daí, construir um modelo para determinar quotas de vendas o qual atenda as especificidades do setor e integre duas importantes funções da empresa: Vendas e Produção. Para subsidiar a elaboração da proposta foram feitas entrevistas semiestruturadas com profissionais de vendas e planejamento e controle da produção. A avaliação da proposta deu-se por meio de um estudo de caso em uma empresa de calçados da cidade de Franca (S.P). Concluiu-se que a gestão de demanda na indústria calçadista está atrelada às quotas que devem limitar (direta ou indiretamente) as vendas em função da capacidade de produção disponível, e os modelos propostos neste estudo atendem bem à situação estudada.

Pendant des décennies, la France a imposé des quotas pour la musique francophone. Les stations de radio doivent réserver un pourcentage minimal de pièces musicales pour les chansons de langue française depuis 1996. Le développement des services de diffusion en continu, sans quotas, a changé notre façon d'écouter de la musique et pose un nouveau défi aux organismes de réglementation. L'applicabilité des quotas est de plus en plus difficile dans l'industrie de la radiodiffusion et pose la question du désavantage concurrentiel. Dans cette thèse, j'essaie de répondre à trois questions principales sur le thème de la consommation de musique dans cet écosystème en mutation. Dans un premier temps, j'examine empiriquement les réponses stratégiques des radios françaises aux quotas de musique francophone. Les stations respectent-elles les quotas? L'audience réalisée pour la musique francophone est-elle inférieure à ce qu'elle serait en l'absence de ces réponses stratégiques? Pour répondre à ces questions, j'utilise des données détaillées sur les listes de lecture des principales stations de radio en France pour montrer que les stations ont une certaine latitude pour ajuster leurs playlists soumises aux contraintes de quotas. Deuxièmement, je construis un ensemble de données pour fournir des preuves descriptives sur les services de radio et de streaming. Ce sont des modèles économiques entièrement différents et ils ne sont pas comparables sans ajuster l'ensemble de données pour refléter les différences. Afin de comparer le nombre de titres musicaux sur les stations de radio avec le nombre de flux sur les services de streaming, je développe une méthodologie pour combiner les données radio avec les données en streaming en France en 2016. Troisièmement, en utilisant cette nouvelle base de données, la variété des motifs et de la musique sur les services de streaming se compare à celle de la radio. Je fournis également des preuves empiriques sur les ex ternalités de consommation des deux marchés. / For decades, France has imposed quotas for Francophone music. Radio stations need to reserve a minimum percentage of total song plays for French-language songs since 1996. The development of streaming services, which faces no quotas, has changed how we listen to music and poses a new challenge to regulators. The applicability of quotas is increasingly difficult in the radio broadcasting industry and raises the question of competitive disadvantage. In this thesis, I try to answer three main issues on the topic of music consumption in this changing ecosystem. First, I empirically examine the strategic responses of French radio stations to quotas for Francophone music. Do stations comply with the quotas? Is the realized audience for Francophone music lower than it would be in the absence of these strategic responses? To answer these questions, I use detailed data on the playlists of major radio stations in France to show that stations have some scope for adjusting their playlists subject to the quota constraints. Second, I build a dataset to provide some descriptive evidence on radio and streaming services. These are entirely different economic models, and are not comparable without adjusting the dataset to reflect the differences. In order to compare the audience number of music titles on radio stations with the number of streams on streaming services, I develop a methodology to combine radio data with streaming data in France in 2016. Third, using this novel dataset, I look at music consumption pattern and music variety on streaming services compares to that of radio. I also provide empirical evidence on the consumption externalities of both markets.

Esta dissertação propõe-se a analisar a regulamentação da exclusão extrajudicial de sócio na sociedade empresária limitada no direito brasileiro, tendo como núcleo da pesquisa a incidência e aplicação das disposições do artigo 1.085 do Código Civil sobre o tema, a partir do qual são abordados os requisitos de ordem material e procedimental necessários para que se possa lançar mão de tal ferramenta jurídica, que tem por principal objetivo a proteção da empresa e de sua continuidade diante dos atos de inegável gravidade praticados pelos sócios minoritários. Busca-se analisar os elementos que permitam uma compreensão do instituto a fim de facilitar e disseminar sua utilização. Para tanto, aborda-se no primeiro capítulo os pressupostos deontológicos do contrato de sociedade limitada no direito brasileiro, com a análise dos deveres dos sócios e da utilização do fim social como parâmetro interpretativo da conduta dos sócios frente tais deveres. No segundo capitulo é abordada a justa causa da exclusão extrajudicial de sócio no Código Civil brasileiro, sendo realizada a apresentação das justas causas da exclusão judicial e extrajudicial de sócio, para que, posteriormente, seja abordado o conceito de atos de inegável gravidade que coloquem em risco a continuidade da empresa. No terceiro parágrafo são analisados os requisitos prévios ao conclave no qual será tomada a deliberação de exclusão de sócio. Finalmente, no quarto capítulo são abordados os requisitos formais relativos ao conclave no qual a deliberação do sócio será tomada. / This master thesis proposes to examine the regulation of the non-judicial expel of a partner from the limited liability companies in the Brazilian Law. The research has as its core the provisions of the article 1085 of the Brazilian Civil Code, from which it examines the material and the procedural requirements for the company to use the legal tool represented by the non-judicial expel of a partner. The main purpose of such non-judicial expel is to protect the company and the continuity of its enterprise, regarding the undeniable gravity of acts committed by the minority of shareholders. This essay aims to analyse the elements that allow an understanding of the institute to facilitate and disseminate their use. For that, it is discussed in the first chapter the ethical assumptions of the limited liability companies in the Brazilian Law, with the analysis of the partners duties and the use of the company purposes as an interpretative parameter of the members conduct considering those duties. In the second chapter it is addressed the cause of the non-judicial expel of a partner in the Brazilian Civil Code. In this part of the essay, the causes of judicial and non-judicial expel of a partner will be compared to gather the elements to analyse the concept used by the article 1085 of the Brazilian Civil Code: the acts of undeniable gravity to bring the enterprise continuity into risk. In the third chapter, the requirements prior to the conclave, in which the determination of expel of a partner will be taken, are analysed. Finally, the fourth chapter examines the formal requirements concerning the conclave in which the expel of the partner will be decided.

Esta dissertação propõe-se a analisar a regulamentação da exclusão extrajudicial de sócio na sociedade empresária limitada no direito brasileiro, tendo como núcleo da pesquisa a incidência e aplicação das disposições do artigo 1.085 do Código Civil sobre o tema, a partir do qual são abordados os requisitos de ordem material e procedimental necessários para que se possa lançar mão de tal ferramenta jurídica, que tem por principal objetivo a proteção da empresa e de sua continuidade diante dos atos de inegável gravidade praticados pelos sócios minoritários. Busca-se analisar os elementos que permitam uma compreensão do instituto a fim de facilitar e disseminar sua utilização. Para tanto, aborda-se no primeiro capítulo os pressupostos deontológicos do contrato de sociedade limitada no direito brasileiro, com a análise dos deveres dos sócios e da utilização do fim social como parâmetro interpretativo da conduta dos sócios frente tais deveres. No segundo capitulo é abordada a justa causa da exclusão extrajudicial de sócio no Código Civil brasileiro, sendo realizada a apresentação das justas causas da exclusão judicial e extrajudicial de sócio, para que, posteriormente, seja abordado o conceito de atos de inegável gravidade que coloquem em risco a continuidade da empresa. No terceiro parágrafo são analisados os requisitos prévios ao conclave no qual será tomada a deliberação de exclusão de sócio. Finalmente, no quarto capítulo são abordados os requisitos formais relativos ao conclave no qual a deliberação do sócio será tomada. / This master thesis proposes to examine the regulation of the non-judicial expel of a partner from the limited liability companies in the Brazilian Law. The research has as its core the provisions of the article 1085 of the Brazilian Civil Code, from which it examines the material and the procedural requirements for the company to use the legal tool represented by the non-judicial expel of a partner. The main purpose of such non-judicial expel is to protect the company and the continuity of its enterprise, regarding the undeniable gravity of acts committed by the minority of shareholders. This essay aims to analyse the elements that allow an understanding of the institute to facilitate and disseminate their use. For that, it is discussed in the first chapter the ethical assumptions of the limited liability companies in the Brazilian Law, with the analysis of the partners duties and the use of the company purposes as an interpretative parameter of the members conduct considering those duties. In the second chapter it is addressed the cause of the non-judicial expel of a partner in the Brazilian Civil Code. In this part of the essay, the causes of judicial and non-judicial expel of a partner will be compared to gather the elements to analyse the concept used by the article 1085 of the Brazilian Civil Code: the acts of undeniable gravity to bring the enterprise continuity into risk. In the third chapter, the requirements prior to the conclave, in which the determination of expel of a partner will be taken, are analysed. Finally, the fourth chapter examines the formal requirements concerning the conclave in which the expel of the partner will be decided.

Le quota est un instrument juridique courant en droit français. Le législateur en adopte dans différents secteurs, pour poursuivre des objectifs très variés : discrimination positive, protection de l'ordre public, préservation de l'environnement, protection de la santé publique, préservation des ressources halieutiques, contrôle des excédents agricoles. Le quota reste toutefois un instrument très controversé en droit public, notamment parce qu'il semble contrevenir au principe d'égalité. Les quotas féminins et les quotas ultras-marins illustrent de façon saisissante une forme d'allergie du droit français à certains types de quotas, objets de revendications politiques parfois anciennes. À partir des années 1980, les lois instaurant de tels quotas ont systématiquement été jugées inconstitutionnelles. Le Constituant a donc été amené à réviser, à quatre reprises en une seule décennie, la Constitution du 4 octobre 1958, afin d'habiliter le législateur à adopter de tels quotas.Les obstacles constitutionnels une fois levés, on aurait pu s'attendre à une prolifération des quotas naguère impossibles à établir. Mais tel n'a pas été le cas. D'une part parce que, à l'instar des autres quotas, l'adoption de quotas par sexe et ultras-marins relève de la compétence exclusive du législateur. D'autre part parce que, adoptés sur le fondement d'une habilitation constitutionnelle ad hoc, ils dérogent à certains principes constitutionnels, et font l'objet, à ce titre, d'un contrôle juridictionnel étroit. Pourquoi a-t-il fallu réviser la Constitution, qui plus est à quatre reprises, pour adopter des mécanismes si ordinaires du droit français ? Quelle est la portée exacte des nouvelles habilitations à instaurer des quotas ? Les quotas par sexe et ultras-marins sont-ils devenus des quotas comme les autres ? C'est notamment à ces questions que la recherche s'est efforcée de répondre. Elle met ainsi en lumière le rôle central de la figure du juge dans l'appréhension des quotas, et les insuffisances qui entourent encore aujourd'hui leur régime contentieux. / Quota is an usual legal instrument in french law.The legislator adopts quotas in differents sectors, to pursue differents objectives : affirmative action, protection of the public order, environnemetal protection, public health protection, ... . However, quota is, in french public law, a controversial legal instrument, because it seems to be in opposition with the constitutionnal principle of equality.Gender quotas and ultramarine quotas illustrate in a striking manner this allergy of french public law towards quotas. Since the 80's the law wich introduce this type of quotas are systematically be declared inconstitutional.In order to empower the legislator to introduce these quotas, the constituent power has review the french Constitution four times.Since the revisions of the french Constitution these quotas are particularly framed by the judges. In one hand, as the other quotas, gender quotas an ultramrines quotas belong to the competence exclusive of the legislator. In the other hand, them depart from some constitutionnals principles, so they are strictly controled by the judges.Why has it been necessary to review four times the Constitution to introduce these usual legal instruments in french law ? What will be exactly the effect of these new habilitations ? Are Gender quotas and ultramarine quotas became like other quotas ? It is to these questions that the research has attempted to answer. It highlights the central role of the judges and the underdevelopment of their contentious system.

Ce manuscrit présente trois chapitres distincts couvrant des sujets liés au fonctionnement et au rôle des conseils d’administration. Le premier chapitre étudie l’effet de la reconnaissance de l’expertise des administrateurs sur les opportunités de croissance de l’entreprise, en utilisant des prix de prestige obtenus par les administrateurs. Les résultats indiquent que la présence d’administrateurs primés dans les conseils d’administration entraîne de meilleures opportunités d’investissement. Le deuxième chapitre analyse l’impact du quota de femmes dans les conseils d’administration en France sur la valeur boursière des entreprises. Avant le quota, les investisseurs réagissent positivement aux annonces de nominations d’administratrices, en particulier pour les conseils d’administration majoritairement masculins. L’annonce de la promulgation de la loi le 27 janvier 2011 est considérée comme une bonne nouvelle sur le marché boursier, ce qui conduit les investisseurs à anticiper les recrutements de femmes résultant du quota. Le troisième chapitre traite de l’impact du quota sur le marché du travail des administrateurs. Les résultats indiquent que le quota a changé les pratiques de recrutement dans les conseils d’administration et que, de ce fait, il a amélioré la stabilité des correspondances entreprise-administrateur. / This dissertation presents three distinct chapters covering topics related to the functioning and the role of corporate boards. The first chapter studies the effect of the recognition of directors’ expertise on growth opportunities through directors’ receipt of prestigious awards. The results show that the presence of award-winners on boards leads to better investment opportunities. The second chapter analyzes the impact of a board gender quota in France on market valuation. Before the quota, investors respond positively to female director nominations, especially on male-dominated boards. The announcement of the enactment of the law on January 27, 2011, was viewed as positive news in the stock market, which leads to the anticipation of post-quota female appointments. The third chapter focuses on the impact of the quota on the labor market for corporate directors. The evidence suggests that, by changing the director search technology used by firms, the French quota has improved the stability of director-firm matches.