<p>The purpose with this project was to invent a product that secures buildings sewer</p><p>systems against rats. The problem was presented to us by a local building maintainer in</p><p>Halmstad, who had experienced big problems with rats in his real estate. The project has</p><p>been carried out by Per Johansson, Robert Lidén and Niclas Nilsson under our own</p><p>auspices. We are primarily sponsored by AMLI Business Partner but also by</p><p>Innvationsgruppen, Halmstad Fastighets AB and Anticimex.</p><p>To be able to secure a whole building with only one product we came to the conclusion</p><p>that the product must be placed in the horizontal sewer pipe that connects with the</p><p>municipal sewer system. Our goal was to invent a product that prevent rats from passing</p><p>and at the same time not affect the water flow. We have succeeded in meeting our goal</p><p>and can in this report present a well functioning product named RatStop.</p><p>We have confirmed the market and can see a high potential in the product. The problem</p><p>is big in Sweden and enormous worldwide. The project group has to find sponsors for</p><p>production, marketing and further development of complementing concepts. Therefore</p><p>we now search for business partners.</p><p>We have used dynamic product development and all the tools combined with it during the</p><p>development. Especially meetings with competent persons have given us much, like</p><p>insight in the market, facts in different subjects and feedback on our idea and product.</p><p>We have learned a lot and we will benefit from this in the future. We believe in our</p><p>product and we will continue to work with it under the newly started company, Ratcon.</p><p>Hopefully our product will be available on the market within a year.</p>

The purpose with this project was to invent a product that secures buildings sewer systems against rats. The problem was presented to us by a local building maintainer in Halmstad, who had experienced big problems with rats in his real estate. The project has been carried out by Per Johansson, Robert Lidén and Niclas Nilsson under our own auspices. We are primarily sponsored by AMLI Business Partner but also by Innvationsgruppen, Halmstad Fastighets AB and Anticimex. To be able to secure a whole building with only one product we came to the conclusion that the product must be placed in the horizontal sewer pipe that connects with the municipal sewer system. Our goal was to invent a product that prevent rats from passing and at the same time not affect the water flow. We have succeeded in meeting our goal and can in this report present a well functioning product named RatStop. We have confirmed the market and can see a high potential in the product. The problem is big in Sweden and enormous worldwide. The project group has to find sponsors for production, marketing and further development of complementing concepts. Therefore we now search for business partners. We have used dynamic product development and all the tools combined with it during the development. Especially meetings with competent persons have given us much, like insight in the market, facts in different subjects and feedback on our idea and product. We have learned a lot and we will benefit from this in the future. We believe in our product and we will continue to work with it under the newly started company, Ratcon. Hopefully our product will be available on the market within a year.

Uppsatsen ämnar belysa kommensala gnagare inom arkeologin och förmedla potentialen för vidare forskning. Den medeltida bebyggelsen i Västergarn, Gotland agerar fallstudie där benen från små gnagare analyserats och diskuterats utifrån mikro- och makroarkeologins teoretiska vinklar. För den osteologiska analysen undersöktes benen med mikroskop för att se till ålder, spår av sjukdom och minsta individantal. I en rumslig analys sattes benen i jämförelse med de husgrunder som påträffats på platsen. Resultatet visade att materialet som fanns tillhandahållet endast innehöll de större benelementen, mest troligt till följd av den alltför stormaskiga sållen som användes vid utgrävningen. Benen som analyserades härrörde från mestadels mycket unga individer som befann sig i eller i anslutning till husgrunderna. Ett ben hade även en sjuklig förändring. Materialet visar på stor potential för framtida tvärvetenskaplig forskning där eventuella handelsrutter, sjukdomsrisker och matkonsumtion kan belysas. / This thesis aims to shed light on commensal rodents in archaeology and convey the potential for future research. The medieval settlement in Västergarn, Gotland was chosen for a case study where the rodent bones were analyzed and discussed based on micro- and macroarchaeological theoretical views. For the osteological analysis the bones were examined through a microscope to determine age, signs of disease and minimum number of individuals. The bones were put into context through a spatial analysis with the building foundations of the archaeological site. The results showed that the material at hand only contained the larger bone elements from the bodies, possibly because of the smaller bones falling through the big mesh sieve. The individuals were mostly very young and encountered near or within the building foundations. One bone had a pathological alteration. The material showed great promises for future interdisciplinary research where potential trading routes, risks of diseases and food consumption can all be made clearer.

Parkinson’s Disease affects 10 million people worldwide, with 40% of patients developing an associated psychosis which has been identified by studies as the number one source of caretaker distress and is related to increased mortality. This is further complicated by the fact that typical antipsychotic drugs worsen many of the motor symptoms implicated in Parkinson’s Disease, with only one commercially available drug able to ameliorate both symptoms. This problem ushers the development of novel drugs to treat these symptoms, as first tested on research animals. Complicating matters, drug effectiveness on the degree of psychosis is hard to obtain in animals without a reliable biomarker. However, a hallmark of psychotic states is thought to be the reduced coordination between brain structures, through neuronal synchronization, as demonstrated by steady-state responses and is suggested to be a potential biomarker of psychosis. By building a MATLAB software we were able to analyze the degree of neural synchronization between structures, during an auditory steady-state response, in rats that had been unilaterally lesioned by the 6-Hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson’s Disease, before and after administration of the psychotomimetic drug MK801. These rats had been chronically implanted with 128-channel multi electrode array, enabling us to measure the strength of coherence between several limbic structures, associated with auditory processing, from the sampled local field potential, identifying the degree of synchronization in the animal brain. As our data demonstrate that coherence levels dropped in the psychotic drug state, for structures in both the healthy and the Parkinsonian hemisphere, we are able to further demonstrate the validity of coherence measures as a biomarker for psychosis. These results demonstrate that our software can be used as a tool to assess the therapeutic response of drugs developed, aimed at treating Parkinson’s associated psychosis. / Parkinsons sjukdom drabbar 10 miljoner världen över, där 40% av patienterna utvecklar en associerad psykos vilket har visats vara en av de största stressfaktorerna för deras vårdgivare och är även förknippat med en högre dödlighetsgrad. Denna situation förvärras av det faktum att de vanliga antipsykotiska drogerna kan förvärra många av de motoriska symptom som utgörs av Parkinsons sjukdom och det finns i dagsläget enbart en enda kommersiell drog som kan dämpa bägge symptom samtidigt. Detta problem frammanar vidare utveckling av nya läkemedel som kan behandla dessa symptom, som innebär att de först måste testas på försöksdjur. En komplikation som uppstår i relation till detta är svårigheten att utvärdera om läkemedel har någon terapeutisk effekt på de psykotiska tillstånden, enbart genom att observera försöksdjurens beteenden, och en pålitlig biomarkör krävs istället. En lösning kan dock finnas i det faktum att psykotiska tillstånd karaktäriseras av en reducerad förmåga för olika hjärnområden att koordinera genom neural synkronisering vilket demonstreras av ‘steady- state’ responser. Detta föreslår att ett mått på graden av koordineringsförmåga kan agera som en möjlig biomarkör för psykotiska tillstånd. Genom att konstruera ett MATLAB-program kunde vi analysera graden av synkronicitet mellan hjärnstrukturer, under den auditiva steady- state responsen i råttor som hade blivit ensidigt lesionerade genom 6-Hydroxiddopamin modellen av Parkinsons sjukdom, före och efter administration av den psykotomimetiska drogen MK801. Dessa råttor hade blivit kroniskt implanterade med 128 elektroder vilket möjliggjorde att vi kunde mäta styrkan i koherens i den lokala fält potentialen mellan limbiska strukturer, som är associerade med auditiv processering, vilket möjliggjorde identifiering av3dessa strukturers synkronicitet. Vår data demonstrerar att koherensen minskade under det psykotiska drogtillståndet för limbiska strukturer både i den intakta och den lesionerade hjärnhalvan. Detta är en vidare demonstration av att koherensnivåer kan agera som en biomarkör för det psykotiska tillståndet, liksom att vår mjukvara kan nyttjas som ett verktyg för att utvärdera nya läkemedels behandlingsförmåga på Parkinsons psykos.