The topic of this diploma thesis is large area heating and cooling systems. Theoretical part of this thesis is focused on thermal comfort of people in interier and on theoretical calculation of heat transfer and on large area heating and cooling systems. Second part is devided to two variants. First variant is design of a heating system in kindergarden with floor heating combined with plate heating radiators. Second variant is heating system with only plate heating radiators. As source of heat is used condensing gas boiler. Part of a design is preparation of hot water. Experimental part of the thesis contains measurements of coefficient of heat transfer in floor heating and wall heating.

The thesis is engaged in complete reconstruction of a heat system of a family house with higher heat loss, i.e. heat source, piping and radiators. As a heat source is chosen air-water heat pump. Heat system is designed with panel radiators with regard to minimum building interventions. A required power for hot water heating is calculated and selected a heat pump from suitable power range in combination with storage tank with hot water tank. The bivalent point is determined, as backup source are heating elements installed in storage tank. Drawings and circuit diagrams with safety elements are attached. In the end is calculation of estimated return.

The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the hydraulics of heating systems. The aim of the project is a design of the heating and hot water preparation system for an apartment building. The building has 6 above-ground floors and 2 underground floors. Two different options of heating systems were designed, comparison and results are presented in the thesis. In the first case the heat source during the winter season and for water heating, where chosen two gas condensing boilers, situated in separated room on the second underground floor. In the second case, each apartment has its own gas condensing boiler. The experimental part of the project deals with measurements of pressure losses in water armatures used in heating systems. The aim of this part is the determination of coefficients of added resistance for uncontrolled elements, which are normally presented as tabular value. In thesis are presented results for a ball valve, backflow preventer, filter, for slide valve and thermostatic valve. Measurements for thermostatic valve where done with different settings and results are compared with parameters listed in the datasheet.

Diplomová práce je rozdělena na tří částí. První částí je analýza tématu, cílů a způsobů řešení, která obsahuje i teoretickou část. Druhá část je aplikace tématu na řešeném objektu včetně podrobného výpočtu a návrhu otopné soustavy, přípravy teplé vody, dvou variant alternativních zdrojů tepla a jejich porovnání, které vede k výběru lepšího zdroje tepla. Třetí část je projekt a obsahuje technickou zprávu vybrané varianty a projektovou dokumentaci, která obsahuje všechny potřebné výkresy.

The quest to balance occupant comfort with energy efficiency is a key challenge in the field of heating systems, particularly for hydronic radiators. This study addresses this issue by investigating the integration of body heat predictions into a gain-scheduling controller for a hydronic radiator system. Although the benefits of gain-scheduling control strategies are acknowledged in HVAC systems, this exploration into the integration of body heat predictions in hydronic radiator systems presents a novel approach. A Linear Parameter-Varying (LPV) controller was employed and its impact on comfort, energy consumption, and robustness in the face of varying parameters such as the number of occupants, inaccuracies in body heat prediction, and set-point temperature changes was examined. This proposed controller was tested in a simulated house heating system made in Simulink. Findings indicated a substantial enhancement in comfort, especially under low-load scenarios. The controller demonstrated notable robustness against disturbances, highlighting the system’s reliability. Although energy consumption did not show significant reduction, the ability to maintain comfort levels without increasing energy use is a valuable contribution to sustainable heating practices. The results of this study extend our understanding of control strategies in hydronic radiator systems, providing a promising approach towards more comfortable, robust, and energy-efficient solutions. Further research should focus on improving the accuracy of body heat prediction algorithms and incorporating renewable energy sources for increased energy efficiency. In sum, this work represents a significant step towards a more balanced and sustainable future in the operation of hydronic radiator systems. / Denna studie utforskar möjligheten att balansera komfort och energieffektivitet i vattenburna elementsystem genom att integrera kroppsvärmeberäkningar i en gain-scheduling regleralgoritm. Vi presenterar en nyanserad metod som använder en Linjär Parameterberoende (LPV) reglerare. Denna reglerare anpassar sig till varierande parametrar som antal personer i rummet, osäkerheter i kroppsvärmeberäkningar och förändringar i inställd temperatur. Den föreslagna regleraren testades i ett simulerat husvärmesystem skapat i Simulink. Resultaten indikerade en betydande förbättring i komfort, särskilt under låglastscenarier. Regleraren uppvisade också anmärkningsvärd robusthet mot störningar, vilket understrykersystemets tillförlitlighet. Även om ingen signifikant minskning i energiförbrukning observerades, är förmågan att bibehålla komfortnivåer utan att öka energianvändningen ett värdefullt bidrag till hållbara uppvärmningsmetoder. Denna studie utökar vår förståelse för reglerstrategier i vattenburna elementsystem och erbjuder en lovande väg framåt mot mer komfortabla, robusta och energieffektiva lösningar. För framtida forskning bör fokus ligga på att förbättra noggrannheten i kroppsvärmeberäkningsalgoritmer och att integrera förnybara energikällor för ökad energieffektivitet. Sammantaget representerar detta arbete ett betydande steg mot en mer balanserad och hållbar framtid i drift av vattenburna elementsystem.

The topic of this diploma thesis is heating of apartment buildings, where an attention was focused on thermal comfort in heated rooms. The first theoretical part brings results of CFD simulations which compare radiators with floor heating. The second part consits of practical application o the given building. There are two options in this project - heating by radiators or floor heating. The third part describes two experiments - measurement of indoor environment in two rooms and measurement of gas consumption in apartment buildings with different heating concepts. In the last part the mean radiant temperature is simulated. There are compared different kind of heating, which have impact to distribution of mean radiant temperature in the room. The personal software was created for deeper understanding of mean radiant temperature.

This thesis theoretically in Part A deals with the solution in savings heating building and heating hot water. It examines the impact of austerity measures on the overall need for and consumption of heat energy and its economic impact and compared with each other in order to achieve maximum efficiency. Part B is their subsequent application to a given object - a residental building, various design alternatives and the resulting energy savings improvements. Experimental Part C deals with indirect measurement of the thermal conductivity of building materials.

Theme of diploma thesis is the heat transfer medium in heating systems. The thesis is departed to three parts. In the first part, there is a theoretical solution of heat transfer mediums. In the second part, there is a calculation solution of the project. Project solves heating of the apartment building. There are two variants of heating source and water treatment. Those variants are compared. The last part is experimental part. Theme of the experiment is quality of heating water in heating systems.

This diploma thesis deals with the operation of radiators. It is divided into three parts. The first part describes the various types of radiators and heating surfaces, radiator control and heat measurement, the second part deals with the design of heating and hot water in an apartment building in Brno in two variants of the conceptual solution and the third part is processed in the form of experimental measurements issues of radiator operation during a real day in the heating season and operating conditions that may occur.