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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
191

Estudo numérico de chamas turbulentas não pré-misturadas através de modelos baseados no conceito de flamelets

Deon, Diego Luis January 2016 (has links)
A simulação numérica de chamas turbulentas é ainda hoje um desafio para as práticas de mecânica dos fluidos computacional. Compreendendo que as abordagens numéricas mais completas e realísticas atualmente disponíveis podem ser computacionalmente proibitivas, diversos modelos vêm sendo desenvolvidos com o objetivo de reproduzir os fenômenos envolvidos na combustão de uma forma simplificada, mas ainda fisicamente consistente. Este trabalho é, portanto, dedicado à comparação de diferentes modelos de fechamento para a turbulência baseados nas equações de Navier-Stokes em médias de Reynolds e de modelos para simplificação da cinética química baseados no conceito de flamelets, com e sem a modelagem da radiação térmica, esta última através do modelo de soma-ponderada-de-gasescinzas. Para tanto, na primeira parte do presente trabalho são comparados seis modelos de turbulência na solução de um jato turbulento de propano, não reativo e isotérmico, circundado por uma corrente paralela de ar, quanto a sua eficiência na predição dos valores médios da velocidade longitudinal e transversal, fração mássica de propano e massa específica da mistura. Os modelos são o k- Padrão (empregado na sua versão original e com mais duas modificações nas suas constantes conforme propostas encontradas na literatura), o k- Realizable, o k- Padrão e o k- Shear-Stress Transport. Um dos modelos de melhor desempenho é então usado na simulação de uma chama turbulenta não pré-misturada de metano/hidrogênio/nitrogênio circundada por um escoamento coaxial de ar de baixa velocidade, no qual são então comparados os modelos para redução da cinética química baseados no conceito de flamelets, o Steady Laminar Diffusion Flamelet (SLDF) e o Flamelet-Generated Manifold (FGM), tendo os seus resultados comparados aos dados experimentais para os valores médios da velocidade longitudinal, fração de mistura, temperatura e frações mássicas das espécies químicas. Dentre os modelos de turbulência avaliados, é observado que as duas versões ajustadas do k- Padrão e o k- Padrão se mostraram com melhor concordância em relação às medições experimentais do que os demais. No presente estudo é também avaliada a consistência dos dados experimentais reportados e uma discrepância é identificada neste jato, mas que, conforme verificado, não compromete a comparação dos modelos aqui proposta. Na solução do escoamento reativo, o modelo SLDF se mostrou com resultados bastante próximos aos resultados experimentais (exceto para o NO), sendo aprimorados ainda mais com a inclusão da modelagem da radiação térmica, sobretudo para regiões mais distantes do bico injetor do combustível, após o pico de temperatura da chama. O modelo FGM, contudo, apresentou resultados muito aquém dos esperados, sobretudo para as frações mássicas das espécies químicas, mesmo utilizando malhas com nível de refinamento muito maior e com o teste de diversas combinações de espécies para a variável de progresso da reação, e no qual a inclusão da radiação na modelagem também não trouxe benefícios perceptíveis. Todas as simulações numéricas foram realizadas empregando o código comercial ANSYS Fluent, versão 15.0.0. / The numerical simulation of turbulent flames is still a challenge for today's computational fluid dynamics practices. Understanding that the most complete and realistic numerical approaches available today may be computationally prohibitive, several models have been developed in order to reproduce the phenomena involved in combustion in a simplified, but still physically consistent, way. Therefore, this work is dedicated to compare different models for turbulence closure based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and models for simplification of the chemical kinetics based on the flamelet concept, with and without thermal radiation modeling through the weighted-sum-of-gray-gases model. Thus, in the first part of the current work six turbulence models are employed to solve a turbulent nonreactive isothermal flow, a propane jet surrounded by a parallel stream of air. The models are compared through their effectiveness in predicting the mean values of longitudinal and transversal velocities, propane mass fraction and mixture density. The models are the Standard k- (employed in its original version and with two modifications according to proposals found in the literature), the Realizable k- , the Standard k- and the Shear-Stress Transport k- . One of the best performing models is then used to simulate a turbulent nonpremixed flame of methane/hydrogen/nitrogen surrounded by a low-velocity air coflow, in which are compared the models to reduce the chemical kinetics based on the flamelets concept, the Steady Laminar Diffusion Flamelet (SLDF) and the Flamelet-Generated Manifold (FGM), being the numerical results compared to the experimental data for the mean values of longitudinal velocity, mixture fraction, temperature and species mass fractions. Among the six turbulence models evaluated, it is observed that the two adjusted versions of the Standard k- and the Standard k- showed better agreement with the experimental measurements than the other models. In the current study it is also evaluated the consistency of the reported experimental data and a discrepancy is identified, which, as verified, does not compromise the models comparison here proposed. In the solution of the reactive flow, the SLDF model showed results very close to the experimental results (except for NO), being further enhanced with the inclusion of the thermal radiation modeling, especially for regions far from fuel nozzle, after the peak of temperature of the flame. The FGM model, however, showed results far below the expected, especially for the mass fractions of chemical species, even using meshes with much higher refinement level and testing of various species combinations for the reaction progress variable. The inclusion of the radiation modeling did not brought noticeable benefits. All the numerical simulations were performed employing the ANSYS Fluent version 15.0.0 commercial code.
192

Particle image velocimetry and computational fluid dynamics applied to study the effect of hydrodynamics forces on animal cells cultivated in Taylor vortex bioreactor

Singh, Harminder 28 March 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Regina Correa (rehecorrea@gmail.com) on 2016-09-19T19:31:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseHS.pdf: 6507848 bytes, checksum: 467139021a2d6e49272a3197b75c3216 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-21T12:29:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseHS.pdf: 6507848 bytes, checksum: 467139021a2d6e49272a3197b75c3216 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-21T12:29:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseHS.pdf: 6507848 bytes, checksum: 467139021a2d6e49272a3197b75c3216 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-21T12:29:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseHS.pdf: 6507848 bytes, checksum: 467139021a2d6e49272a3197b75c3216 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Taylor-Vortex reactor (TVB) is fast becoming the next bioreactor to culture animal cells due to milder shear and homogeneous flow structures through-out the bioreactor in comparison to the traditional stirred vessels. However, there is little information in the literature for the TVB on the viscous energy dissipation rate (VEDR), which is considered the ideal parameter to characterize the cell death, and its geometrical aspects, which may affect the culture of animal cells resulting in poor efficiency. Consequently, this work focuses on: the estimation of the VEDR of mean flow and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) using an experimental 2D particle image velocimetry (PIV) method and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method using different turbulence models, principally the direct numerical simulation (DNS) model; and, the impact of the off-bottom clearance area and the external cylinder’s bottom shape on the flow structures of TVB. Both numerical and experimental methods confirm that the bulk zone comprising of the 80 % of the gap-width, where the cell cultures will spend most of the time, has a near constant velocity magnitude of around 50 % of the tip velocity and VEDR values which are around 10 times lower than at the walls. Qualitatively, the DNS model predicted well the flow structure of both mean and turbulence parameters in comparison with the experimental PIV predictions. However, quantitatively only the mean velocity predictions are in good agreement with the PIV data with certain amount of under-estimation of the turbulence parameters. Among different turbulence models, the large eddy simulation (LES) - wall adapting local eddy-viscosity (WALE) model presented best comparison with the DNS model data for all the flow parameters; while, the Reynolds stress model and the LES-Smagorinsky models were the poorest. On the other hand, the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) based two equation models estimated well the mean velocity components in comparison with the DNS model data, but could not capture well the flow structures of the turbulence components. The geometrical features of curved surface of outer bottom and off-bottom clearance area which are of practical importance in stirred vessels, impact adversely the flow structures in the TVB due to poor axial velocity component. In comparison with the spinner vessel, a stirred tank type bioeactor but with lower shear, for similar Re/ReT ratio, the maximum and mean VEDR were always found to be of lower magnitude values, and due to much less difference between the maximum and the mean values, the TVB presents more uniform structures in comparison to the spinner vessel. / O biorreator de Vórtices de Taylor (TVB) está se tornando uma nova descoberta, devido ao seu cisalhamento mais suave e fluxo homogêneo em comparações com os biorreatores de tanque agitados. Na literatura acadêmica há pouca informação sobre este biorreator quanto a taxa de dissipação de energia viscosa (VEDR), que é o parâmetro ideal para caracterizar a morte celular, e seus aspectos geométricos, que afetam o cultivo das células animais, resultando em baixa eficiência. A presente pesquisa, portanto, objetivou focar na estimativa da VEDR de fluxo médio e de energia cinética turbulenta (TKE) no TVB usando os métodos: experimental de 2D de velocimetria das partículas por imagem (PIV) e numérico de dinâmica de fluídos computacional (CFD) com diferentes modelos de turbulência, principalmente a simulação numérica direta (DNS). E focar nos aspectos geométricos do impacto da área de apuramento entre o cilindro interno e externo e na forma da base do cilindro externo na estrutura de fluxo do TVB. Os dois métodos experimental e numérico demonstraram que, em aproximadamente 80 % da área lateral entre os cilindros interno e externo onde as células vão passar a maior parte do tempo, a magnitude de velocidade é de cerca de 50 % da máxima e os valores de VEDR são 10 vezes menores do que nas paredes. Qualitativamente, o DNS mostrou boas comparações dos fluxos médios e dos parâmetros turbulentos em relação aos resultados apresentados pelo PIV para o TVB. No entanto, quantitativamente, apenas as previsões médias de velocidade estão em boa concordância com os dados do PIV, pois os parâmetros turbulentos foram sub-estimados. Entre os diferentes modelos de turbulência utilizados, o modelo simulação de grande escala (LES) - Wall Adapting Local Eddy-Viscosity apresentou a melhor comparação com os dados do DNS para todos os parâmetros do fluxo. O modelo de estresse Reynolds e LES - Smagorinsky, por sua vez, apresentaram as piores comparações. Os modelos de duas equações de RANS, entretanto, apesar de estimarem bem os componentes de velocidade média em comparação com os dados do modelo DNS, não captaram bem as estruturas de fluxo dos componentes de turbulência. Quanto aos aspectos geométricos, as alterações nas características da área de apuramento entre o cilindro interno e externo e a estrutura curva da base do cilindro externo, que são de importância prática em tanque agitados, neste estudo, afetaram negativamente o fluxo no TVB devido ao seu baixo componente de velocidade axial. Por fim, a comparação entre o TVB e o Spinner Flask, considerado também um biorreator com baixo cisalhamento, demostrou que para Re/ReT semelhante, os valores máximo e médio do VEDR foram sempre inferiores, e devido à diferença muito menor entre o os valores máximo e médio, o TVB apresenta estruturas mais uniformes em comparação com o Spinner Flask. / processo nº 140756/2012-4 ; processo nº - 241739/2012-8)
193

Investigação aeroacústica de jatos subsônicos submetidos a escoamento cruzado / Aeroacoustic Characterization of Subsonic Jets in Crossflow

Souza, Pedro Ricardo Corrêa 27 August 2015 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present work refers to the characterization of the sound field generated by subsonic jets in crossflow (JICF). This phenomenon that results from a jet of fluid discharged perpendicularly to a moving medium has a very complex, but well established, fluid dynamics and a sound field yet unexplored. For the complete characterization of this phenomenon, a hybrid methodology of low computational cost that uses a combination of commercial and open source packages is used. The fluid dynamics part is solved by the commercial code CFD ++ by Metacomp Inc. through Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes Equations (RANS), and the noise calculations are performed on an open source code using the Lighthill Ray-Tracing method (LRT). An extensive validation step is performed to demonstrate the ability and highlight the limitations of the methods used for predicting the jet s behavior. This work brings a large contribution to the development of JICF noise research by showing the existence of a region of relative silence in these jets. / O presente trabalho refere-se ao estudo da caracterização do campo acústico de jatos subsônicos submetidos a escoamento cruzado (JSEC). Este fenômeno que resulta de um jato de fluido descarregado perpendicularmente a um meio em movimento, possui uma dinâmica muito complexa, mas bem estabelecida, e um campo acústico ainda inexplorado. Para a completa caracterização deste fenômeno, utiliza-se uma metodologia híbrida de baixo custo computacional, que associa pacotes comerciais e códigos abertos. A parte fluidodinâmica é solucionada pelo código computacional comercial CFD++ da empresa Metacomp Inc. por meio das Equações Médias de Reynolds (RANS), e os cálculos de ruído são realizados em código aberto utilizando o método de Lighthill Ray-Tracing (LRT). Uma extensa etapa de validações é realizada para comprovar a capacidade e evidenciar as limitações dos métodos utilizados na previsão do comportamento do jato. Este trabalho contribui para o avanço das pesquisas na área de ruído de JSEC, tendo identificado a existência de uma região de silêncio nesses jatos. / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
194

Estudo numérico de chamas turbulentas não pré-misturadas através de modelos baseados no conceito de flamelets

Deon, Diego Luis January 2016 (has links)
A simulação numérica de chamas turbulentas é ainda hoje um desafio para as práticas de mecânica dos fluidos computacional. Compreendendo que as abordagens numéricas mais completas e realísticas atualmente disponíveis podem ser computacionalmente proibitivas, diversos modelos vêm sendo desenvolvidos com o objetivo de reproduzir os fenômenos envolvidos na combustão de uma forma simplificada, mas ainda fisicamente consistente. Este trabalho é, portanto, dedicado à comparação de diferentes modelos de fechamento para a turbulência baseados nas equações de Navier-Stokes em médias de Reynolds e de modelos para simplificação da cinética química baseados no conceito de flamelets, com e sem a modelagem da radiação térmica, esta última através do modelo de soma-ponderada-de-gasescinzas. Para tanto, na primeira parte do presente trabalho são comparados seis modelos de turbulência na solução de um jato turbulento de propano, não reativo e isotérmico, circundado por uma corrente paralela de ar, quanto a sua eficiência na predição dos valores médios da velocidade longitudinal e transversal, fração mássica de propano e massa específica da mistura. Os modelos são o k- Padrão (empregado na sua versão original e com mais duas modificações nas suas constantes conforme propostas encontradas na literatura), o k- Realizable, o k- Padrão e o k- Shear-Stress Transport. Um dos modelos de melhor desempenho é então usado na simulação de uma chama turbulenta não pré-misturada de metano/hidrogênio/nitrogênio circundada por um escoamento coaxial de ar de baixa velocidade, no qual são então comparados os modelos para redução da cinética química baseados no conceito de flamelets, o Steady Laminar Diffusion Flamelet (SLDF) e o Flamelet-Generated Manifold (FGM), tendo os seus resultados comparados aos dados experimentais para os valores médios da velocidade longitudinal, fração de mistura, temperatura e frações mássicas das espécies químicas. Dentre os modelos de turbulência avaliados, é observado que as duas versões ajustadas do k- Padrão e o k- Padrão se mostraram com melhor concordância em relação às medições experimentais do que os demais. No presente estudo é também avaliada a consistência dos dados experimentais reportados e uma discrepância é identificada neste jato, mas que, conforme verificado, não compromete a comparação dos modelos aqui proposta. Na solução do escoamento reativo, o modelo SLDF se mostrou com resultados bastante próximos aos resultados experimentais (exceto para o NO), sendo aprimorados ainda mais com a inclusão da modelagem da radiação térmica, sobretudo para regiões mais distantes do bico injetor do combustível, após o pico de temperatura da chama. O modelo FGM, contudo, apresentou resultados muito aquém dos esperados, sobretudo para as frações mássicas das espécies químicas, mesmo utilizando malhas com nível de refinamento muito maior e com o teste de diversas combinações de espécies para a variável de progresso da reação, e no qual a inclusão da radiação na modelagem também não trouxe benefícios perceptíveis. Todas as simulações numéricas foram realizadas empregando o código comercial ANSYS Fluent, versão 15.0.0. / The numerical simulation of turbulent flames is still a challenge for today's computational fluid dynamics practices. Understanding that the most complete and realistic numerical approaches available today may be computationally prohibitive, several models have been developed in order to reproduce the phenomena involved in combustion in a simplified, but still physically consistent, way. Therefore, this work is dedicated to compare different models for turbulence closure based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and models for simplification of the chemical kinetics based on the flamelet concept, with and without thermal radiation modeling through the weighted-sum-of-gray-gases model. Thus, in the first part of the current work six turbulence models are employed to solve a turbulent nonreactive isothermal flow, a propane jet surrounded by a parallel stream of air. The models are compared through their effectiveness in predicting the mean values of longitudinal and transversal velocities, propane mass fraction and mixture density. The models are the Standard k- (employed in its original version and with two modifications according to proposals found in the literature), the Realizable k- , the Standard k- and the Shear-Stress Transport k- . One of the best performing models is then used to simulate a turbulent nonpremixed flame of methane/hydrogen/nitrogen surrounded by a low-velocity air coflow, in which are compared the models to reduce the chemical kinetics based on the flamelets concept, the Steady Laminar Diffusion Flamelet (SLDF) and the Flamelet-Generated Manifold (FGM), being the numerical results compared to the experimental data for the mean values of longitudinal velocity, mixture fraction, temperature and species mass fractions. Among the six turbulence models evaluated, it is observed that the two adjusted versions of the Standard k- and the Standard k- showed better agreement with the experimental measurements than the other models. In the current study it is also evaluated the consistency of the reported experimental data and a discrepancy is identified, which, as verified, does not compromise the models comparison here proposed. In the solution of the reactive flow, the SLDF model showed results very close to the experimental results (except for NO), being further enhanced with the inclusion of the thermal radiation modeling, especially for regions far from fuel nozzle, after the peak of temperature of the flame. The FGM model, however, showed results far below the expected, especially for the mass fractions of chemical species, even using meshes with much higher refinement level and testing of various species combinations for the reaction progress variable. The inclusion of the radiation modeling did not brought noticeable benefits. All the numerical simulations were performed employing the ANSYS Fluent version 15.0.0 commercial code.
195

Thermal-hydraulic analysis of gas-cooled reactor core flows

Keshmiri, Amir January 2010 (has links)
In this thesis a numerical study has been undertaken to investigate turbulent flow and heat transfer in a number of flow problems, representing the gas-cooled reactor core flows. The first part of the research consisted of a meticulous assessment of various advanced RANS models of fluid turbulence against experimental and numerical data for buoyancy-modified mixed convection flows, such flows being representative of low-flow-rate flows in the cores of nuclear reactors, both presently-operating Advanced Gas-cooled Reactors (AGRs) and proposed ‘Generation IV’ designs. For this part of the project, an in-house code (‘CONVERT’), a commercial CFD package (‘STAR-CD’) and an industrial code (‘Code_Saturne’) were used to generate results. Wide variations in turbulence model performance were identified. Comparison with the DNS data showed that the Launder-Sharma model best captures the phenomenon of heat transfer impairment that occurs in the ascending flow case; v^2-f formulations also performed well. The k-omega-SST model was found to be in the poorest agreement with the data. Cross-code comparison was also carried out and satisfactory agreement was found between the results.The research described above concerned flow in smooth passages; a second distinct contribution made in this thesis concerned the thermal-hydraulic performance of rib-roughened surfaces, these being representative of the fuel elements employed in the UK fleet of AGRs. All computations in this part of the study were undertaken using STAR-CD. This part of the research took four continuous and four discrete design factors into consideration including the effects of rib profile, rib height-to-channel height ratio, rib width-to-height ratio, rib pitch-to-height ratio, and Reynolds number. For each design factor, the optimum configuration was identified using the ‘efficiency index’. Through comparison with experimental data, the performance of different RANS turbulence models was also assessed. Of the four models, the v^2-f was found to be in the best agreement with the experimental data as, to a somewhat lesser degree were the results of the k-omega-SST model. The k-epsilon and Suga models, however, performed poorly. Structured and unstructured meshes were also compared, where some discrepancies were found, especially in the heat transfer results. The final stage of the study involved a simulation of a simplified 3-dimensional representation of an AGR fuel element using a 30 degree sector configuration. The v^2-f model was employed and comparison was made against the results of a 2D rib-roughened channel in order to assess the validity and relevance of the precursor 2D simulations of rib-roughened channels. It was shown that although a 2D approach is extremely useful and economical for ‘parametric studies’, it does not provide an accurate representation of a 3D fuel element configuration, especially for the velocity and pressure coefficient distributions, where large discrepancies were found between the results of the 2D channel and azimuthal planes of the 3D configuration.
196

Sifflement de diaphragmes en conduit soumis à un écoulement subsonique turbulent / Whistling of orifices in duct under turbulent subsonic flow

Lacombe, Romain 16 March 2011 (has links)
Les diaphragmes utilisés comme organes de perte de charge à l'intérieur des tuyauteries de centrales électriques ont été mis en cause dans la création de sifflement. Les conséquences de ces phénomènes sont des niveaux de bruit et de vibration pouvant dépasser les valeurs admissibles. L'objectif de la thèse est d'étudier le sifflement sur la base d'expérimentations et de calculs numériques afin de proposer des outils de compréhension et de prédiction. Un résultat de la thèse correspond à l’identification expérimentale et numérique des conditions d’amplification acoustique au niveau de diaphragmes, phénomène nécessaire au sifflement. Les expériences montrent que les plages de sifflement, exprimées sous la forme d’un nombre de Strouhal fonction de l’épaisseur du diaphragme et de la vitesse dans l’orifice, s’étendent de 0,2 à 0,4 et de 0,7 à 0,9 et sont indépendantes du nombre de Reynolds. Le potentiel de sifflement de diaphragmes est également caractérisé à l’aide de simulations numériques. Deux approches sont utilisées avec des calculs U-RANS incompressibles et des simulations LES compressibles. Il apparaît que la simulation numérique permet de reproduire l’effet d’amplification acoustique à l’origine du sifflement, pour des pas de discrétisation spatial au coin amont de l’orifice suffisamment petit. Un autre résultat de la thèse est la définition des paramètres contrôlant les caractéristiques du sifflement en présence de réflexions acoustiques. Une analyse de stabilité linéaire prédit l’apparition d’un sifflement et sa fréquence. L’amplitude de sifflement est maximum pour un nombre de Strouhal autour de 0,25 et augmente avec le taux de réflexion autour du diaphragme. / Orifices used as pressure drop devices in pipes of power plants can cause tonal noise. The consequences of whistling are noise and vibration levels higher than what is acceptable. The purpose of the present works is to study the whistling phenomenon with experiments and numeric in order to propose comprehension and prediction tools. One of the results of the study is the experimental and numerical identification of the acoustic amplification conditions at the orifice, which is a necessary phenomenon for whistling. The experiments show that the whistling ranges, expressed in a Strouhal number function of the orifice thickness and the flow velocity inside the orifice, lie between 0.2 and 0.4 and between 0.7 and 0.9 and that they are independent of the Reynolds number. The whistling ability of orifices has also been defined with numerical simulations. Two approaches are used, the first consisting of incompressible U-RANS calculations, the second based on compressible LES. The numerical simulations are able to capture the acoustic amplification at the orifice, for a spatial discretization small enough at the upstream edge of the orifice. Another result of the study is the definition of the parameters controlling the whistling features when acoustic reflections are present. A linear stability analysis is able to predict the whistling frequency, and it is shown that the whistling amplitude is maximum at a Strouhal number of 0.25 and that it increases with the global reflection surrounding the orifice.
197

Application of a flamelet-based combustion model to diesel-like reacting sprays

Pérez Sánchez, Eduardo Javier 25 February 2019 (has links)
[ES] El objetivo de esta tesis es la investigación y análisis de la estructura interna de los chorros diésel reactivos y el efecto de las condiciones de contorno en los parámetros asociados a la combustión. Este objetivo se consigue por medio de la simulación numérica del chorro con modelos de turbulencia RANS y LES usando un modelo de combustión avanzado basado en el concepto flamelet. Para este estudio, se aplica una aproximación simplificada de las flamelets de difusión, conocidas en la literatura como Flamelets de Difusión Aproximadas (ADF en inglés), como fundamento del modelo de combustión. En una primera etapa, el modelo se valida con combustibles de diferente complejidad química en regímenes estacionarios y transitorios para el conjunto de posibles velocidades de deformación. Una vez se confirma su idoneidad para condiciones encontradas en chorros diésel, se aplica a la simulación del chorro A del Engine Combustion Network (ECN), representativo de chorros diésel. Para proporcionar un cuadro completo de los fenómenos subyacentes, la combustión se analiza inicialmente para condiciones homogéneas y llamas laminares para las distintas condiciones de contorno de este experimento. Después este análisis se complementa con la simulación de diferentes mecanismos químicos para determinar cómo las características del encendido predichas por el esquema de oxidación afectan a la propagación de llama. Los resultados obtenidos en esta etapa se enlazan con el análisis del chorro turbulento en el contexto de simulaciones RANS y LES para describir cómo el fenómeno de la combustión se modifica con los diferentes niveles de complejidad física. La estructura del chorro turbulento se describe profundamente para las distintas condiciones de contorno y mecanismos químicos en términos de mezcla y escalares reactivos para las fases temporales y las regiones espaciales de la llama. La satisfactoria concordancia con los resultados experimentales muestran que el concepto flamelet, y más particularmente el modelo ADF, es adecuado para las simulaciones de chorros diésel. / [CAT] L'objectiu d'esta tesi és la investigació i anàlisi de l'estructura interna dels dolls dièsel reactius i l'efecte de les condicions de contorn en els paràmetres associats a la combustió. Este objectiu s'aconsegueix per mitjà de la simulació numèrica del doll amb models de turbulència RANS i LES usant un model de combustió avançat basat en el concepte flamelet. Per a este estudi, s'aplica una aproximació simplificada de les flamelets de difusió, conegudes a la literatura com Flamelets de Difusió Aproximades (ADF en anglés), com a fonament del model de combustió. En una primera etapa, el model es valida amb combustibles de diferent complexitat química en règims estacionaris i transitoris per al conjunt de possibles velocitats de deformació. Una vegada es confirma la seua idoneïtat per a condicions trobades en dolls dièsel, s'aplica a la simulació del doll A del Engine Combustion Network (ECN), representatiu de dolls dièsel. Per a proporcionar un cuadre complet dels fenòmens subjacents, la combustió s'analitza inicialment per a condicions homogènies i flames laminars per a les distintes condicions de contorn d'aquest experiment. Després esta anàlisi es complementa amb la simulació de diferents mecanismes químics per a determinar com les característiques de l'encesa predites per l'esquema d'oxidació afecten la propagació de flama. Els resultats obtinguts en esta etapa s'enllacen amb l'anàlisi del doll turbulent en el context de simulacions RANS i LES per a descriure com el fenomen de la combustió es modifica amb els diferents nivells de complexitat física. L'estructura del doll turbulent es descriu profundament per a les distintes condicions de contorn i mecanismes químics en termes de mescla i escalars reactius per a les fases temporals i les regions espacials de la flama. La satisfactòria concordança amb els resultats experimentals mostren que el concepte flamelet, i més particularment el model ADF, és adequat per a les simulacions de dolls dièsel. / [EN] The objective of this thesis is the investigation and analysis of the internal structure of diesel-like reacting sprays and the effect of boundary conditions on combustion related parameters. This objective is achieved by means of the numerical simulation of the spray with RANS and LES turbulence models using an advanced combustion model based on the flamelet concept. For this study, a simplified approach for diffusion flamelets, known in the literature as Approximated Diffusion Flamelet (ADF), is applied as the basis of the combustion model. In a first step, this model is validated for fuels with different chemical complexity in steady and transient regimes for the whole set of possible strain rates. Once its suitability is confirmed for conditions found in diesel sprays, it is applied to the simulation of spray A from the Engine Combustion Network (ECN), representative of diesel-like sprays. In order to provide a complete picture of the underlying phenomena, combustion is initially analysed in homogeneous conditions and laminar flames for the different boundary conditions of this experiment. Later, this analysis is complemented with the simulation of different chemical mechanisms in order to determine how the ignition characteristics predicted by the oxidation scheme affect to the flame propagation. The results obtained at this stage are connected with the analysis of the turbulent spray in the context of RANS and LES simulations as a way to track how combustion phenomenon is modified at the different levels of physical complexity. The turbulent spray structure is thoroughly described for the different boundary conditions and chemical schemes in terms of mixing and reactive variables for both temporal phases and spatial flame regions. The satisfactory agreement with experimental results shows that the flamelet concept, and more particularly the ADF model, is suitable for diesel-like sprays simulations. / Pérez Sánchez, EJ. (2019). Application of a flamelet-based combustion model to diesel-like reacting sprays [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/117316 / TESIS
198

Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Simulation around Mk 48 ADCAP Torpedoes

Austen Suqi (11845943) 18 December 2021 (has links)
<p>This work utilized Pointwise and Fluent to generate a two-dimensional axisymmetric model a Mk 48 torpedo, with the intention of informing methods to reduce the turbulence, and therefore hydrodynamic noise, of the torpedo’s wake. However, this work was unable to gather data on the unsteady nature of the turbulence expected around the torpedo due to Fluent providing unrealistic results when run using a transient solver. This work shows that the transient solver computed boundary layers greater than one order of magnitude smaller than expected, and in some cases there was no change in boundary layer thickness over the torpedo’s body. The work does contain steady state solutions that were validated by first performing a grid convergence study for a flat plate. The steady state results for the flat plate and torpedo both showed the expected growth for a turbulent boundary layer. Additionally, there was a high level of convergence with the Log-Law showing that the steady state data is valid. Future work should use a transient solver to determine the characteristics of the turbulence to resolve unsteady flow from vortex shedding, wake characteristics, and any broadband or narrowband noise to develop solutions to reduce the noise made by the Mk 48.</p>
199

Analýza proudových poměrů v okolí nové vodní elektrárny / Hydraulic analysis in the surrounding of hydro power plant

Lorenc, Václav January 2018 (has links)
The diploma thesis deals with analysis of flow ratios at the hydraulic plant Klecany – Roztoky, located in the region of Střední Čechy at Vltava river (km 37,08). At this site 3D streaming of superficial water was simulated aiming to evaluate the influence of potencial construction of the new hydroelectric power plant Klecany II on existing Klecany I. Using all of the base documentation available, 3D models of current and planned conditions were created to serve as base for calculation in FLOW 3D. The first part of the thesis describes, how the planned construction of the new hydroelectric power plant Klecany II could influence the current fairway at the inlet 400 m3/s. The second part analyses shape of planned flow hydroelectric power plant Klecany II for flow Q90d, equal to 180 m3/s. All of the results are presented in intelligible charts and images.
200

Parametric analysis of turbulent shearing flow over stationary solid waves – a RANS study

Sherikar, Akshay January 2021 (has links)
No description available.

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