Orientador: Cecilia Amélia de Carvalho Zavaglia / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T13:44:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Saura_CarlosEduardo_D.pdf: 6545554 bytes, checksum: 6e172e4f392006d2c809c0f86185aff1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Esta tese demonstra os benefícios relacionados ao uso efetivo de uma metodologia que visa guiar todo processo de cranioplastia, utilizando-se de implantes personalizados para regenerar falhas cranianas. Sabe-se que diferentes técnicas de implante, geralmente atreladas a casos médicos específicos, têm sido aplicadas já há vários anos. Isso acarretou uma grande e valiosa evolução nesta área, porem também gerou dúvidas sobre qual técnica seria a mais eficaz a ser empregada em cada caso. A metodologia aqui explanada visa auxiliar desde o diagnóstico, passando pela coleta de imagens médicas, elaboração do modelo tridimensional do paciente contendo sua falha óssea, modelamento do implante, criação física do mesmo através do uso da Manufatura Aditiva (MA) e finalmente a aplicação do implante no paciente. Esta metodologia é aplicável aos implantes personalizados metálicos, poliméricos ou cerâmicos, e direcionados para serem executados pela tecnologia de MA que também é conhecida como prototipagem rápida. Na origem do processo está a captura de imagens médicas do crânio e da falha óssea através de tomografia computadorizada. As fatias tomográficas são transformadas em um modelo tridimensional no sistema InVesalius® (CTI ¿ Brasil) e os arquivos neles criados são transferidos para um programa específico utilizado na MA chamado Magics RP ¿, nele então o biomodelo tridimensional é analisado e preparado para execução de um modelo físico. Na criação do implante em caso de falhas pequenas ou médias que estão alocadas totalmente em um dos hemisférios do crânio pode-se usar apenas o Magics RP ¿. Em casos de falhas grandes laterais (que invadem o hemisfério oposto) ou frontais, utiliza-se o programa de CAD, neste caso o SolidWorks ¿, no qual são trabalhadas superfícies e sólidos com o objetivo de reconstruir fielmente o perfil craniano através do implante que está sendo desenvolvido. Os resultados obtidos com o uso da metodologia são implantes de adequação perfeita, diminuição no tempo de cirurgia e rápida recuperação e integração social do paciente. Conclui-se que o grande benefício de se ter uma Metodologia para Desenvolvimento de Implantes Cranianos Personalizados é que esta orienta através de um conjunto de diretrizes as equipes multidisciplinares compostas de cirurgiões, radiologistas, técnicos e engenheiros, estejam orientadas e preparadas a atender a crescente necessidade de implantes cranianos personalizados / Abstract: This thesis demonstrates the benefits related to the effective use of a methodology that aims to guide the whole process of cranioplasty, using custom implants to regenerate cranial defects. Known is that different implant techniques, usually linked to specific medical cases, has being applied for several years. This led to large and valuable developments in this area, but also raised questions about which one would be the most effective technique employed in each case. The methodology here explained aims to give an assistance from diagnosis, through the collection of medical imaging, three-dimensional model of patient preparation containing your bone gap, modeling of the implant, creating physically the implant with the Additive Manufacturing (MA) and finally the application of implant into the patient. This methodology is applicable to custom metallic implants, polymeric or ceramic and produced with MA technology, which is also known as rapid prototyping. The process is capturing medical images of skull and bone gap through computerized tomography. Tomographic slices are transformed into a three-dimensional model in InVesalius ® system (CTI-Brazil) and the files in them created are transferred to a specific program used in MA, called Magics RP ¿, it then the three-dimensional biomodelo is parsed and prepared for execution of a physical model. In the creation of the implant in case of small or medium failures allocated fully in one of the skull hemisphere can only use the Magics RP ¿. In cases of large lateral faults (invading the opposite hemisphere) or front, we use CAD program, in this case the SolidWorks ¿, in which we work with surfaces and solids in order to be faithfully reconstruct cranial profile through the implant is being developed. The results obtained with the use of the methodology are perfect adequacy implants, decreased at the time of surgery and speedy recovery and social integration of the patient. Concluded is that the major benefit of having a methodology for developing Custom Cranial Implants is that this leads you through a set of guidelines the multidisciplinary teams composed of surgeons, radiologists, technicians and engineers, are targeted and prepared to meet the growing need for custom cranial implants / Doutorado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica

Orientador: Cecilia Amelia de Carvalho Zavaglia / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T11:41:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gouveia_MariadeFatimade_D.pdf: 10651170 bytes, checksum: 76437c6b2c0b158b3dab94e80c7111e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A utilização da tecnologia de Prototipagem Rápida (PR) na área médica tem se expandindo a cada dia. Os modelos médicos, ou os chamados biomodelos, utilizados para planejamento cirúrgico são confeccionados por processos de PR, a partir do processamento de imagens médicas de Tomografia Computadorizada. Ao cirurgião esta técnica permite o manuseio de modelos da parte anatômica do paciente, antes da execução do correspondente procedimento cirúrgico de reconstrução. A tecnologia de PR associada à biomodelagem tem se revelado uma ferramenta excepcional para: o planejamento cirúrgico, a confecção de próteses personalizadas e a execução da cirurgia, levando a melhores resultados funcionais e estéticos, bem como a uma diminuição de riscos e custos envolvidos neste processo. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido dentro do Projeto Promed - Prototipagem Rápida na Medicina, no Centro de Tecnologia da Informação Renato Archer - CTI, que atendeu, entre janeiro de 2000 e setembro de 2008, um total de 982 pacientes com necessidade de cirurgias de reconstrução. Este trabalho apresenta um levantamento de dados sobre estes pacientes, classificando-os quanto a: gênero, faixa etária, procedência, regiões anatômicas reproduzidas e aplicações dos biomodelos confeccionados. Os resultados da análise deste levantamento indicaram que 98% dos casos atendidos foram referentes às reconstruções craniofaciais, sendo que 86% destes apresentavam diretamente lesões em um ou mais terços da face. Os biomodelos foram utilizados principalmente em reconstruções de reabilitação bucomaxilar (32%), neoplasias e displasias (18%), fraturas por trauma (13%) e desarmonias faciais (9%). A integração entre biomateriais e PR é examinada no contexto deste estudo, mostrando possibilidades de utilização da PR na confecção direta e indireta de próteses personalizadas, na obtenção de scaffolds para reconstrução anatômica e na engenharia tecidual. Exemplos de planejamento cirúrgico realizado com o auxílio de biomodelos foram incluídos no texto, a título de elucidar os métodos de aplicação desta técnica. / Abstract: The use of Rapid Prototyping (RP) technology in medicine has been expanding every day. The medical models, or so-called biomodels, used for surgical planning, are made by PR processes, based on computed tomography medical image processing. This technique allows the surgeon to handle anatomical models of the patient, before running the reconstruction surgery. The RP technology associated with biomodelling has proved to be an exceptional tool for: surgical planning, customized prostheses manufacturing and surgery accomplishment, leading to better functional and aesthetic results, as well as, a reduction of risks and costs involved in this process. This work was developed within Promed Project - Rapid Prototyping in Medicine, at Center for Information Technology Renato Archer - CTI, who attended, between January 2000 and September 2008, a total of 982 patients in need of surgical reconstruction. This work presents a data survey on these patients, classifying them by: gender, age, origin, anatomical regions and biomodel applications. The results of this survey indicated that 98% of cases referred to craniofacial reconstructions, with 86% of these injuries covering one or more thirds of the face. Biomodels were mainly used in reconstructions of bucomaxilar rehabilitation (32%), neoplasias and dysplasias (18%), trauma fractures (13%) and facial disharmonies (9%). The integration of biomaterials and RP is examined in the context of this study, showing possibilities for the use of RP in the direct and indirect construction of customized prostheses, in obtaining scaffolds for anatomical reconstruction and tissue engineering. Examples of surgical planning with the aid of biomodels were included in the text, for elucidating the method of application of this technique. / Doutorado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica

Orientador: Rubens Caram Júnior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-28T12:00:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_DaltonDanielde_M.pdf: 2611996 bytes, checksum: 6f81a7094a8af1637dc4d3bda71dacd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O uso de ligas do sistema Ti-Nb-Zr como biomaterial é promissor em razão de sua boa biocompatibilidade, alta resistência à corrosão, elevada resistência mecânica e baixo módulo de elasticidade. As propriedades mecânicas de ligas Ti-Nb-Zr podem ser manipuladas variando-se o teor de Nb e Zr no componente, o que é obtido aplicando-se o processo de manufatura aditiva LENS®. Tal processo é uma técnica inovadora e permite produzir componentes tridimensionais com gradientes de composição e consequentemente, com gradientes funcionais. Materiais com gradiente funcionais são exigidos, em alguns casos, no reparo de tecidos duros do corpo humano. Por exemplo, em placas de fixação de fratura óssea é interessante alto módulo de elasticidade em regiões próximas à fratura e baixo módulo de elasticidade em regiões adjacentes à fratura. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar, do ponto de vista metalúrgico, a possibilidade de se produzir materiais para aplicação ortopédica fabricados com ligas Ti-Nb-Zr com gradientes de composição aplicando-se o processo LENS®. Para isso foram produzidos lingotes medindo 12 x 12 x 55 mm, com extremidades com composições nominais de Ti-35Nb-10Zr (% em peso) (região de baixo módulo), a região central de Ti CP (região de alto módulo) e as regiões entre o centro e as extremidades, com composições intermediárias. Cada lingote foi cortado simetricamente no sentido longitudinal, resultando em duas amostras (placas). Uma amostra foi caracterizada no estado como solidificada e a outra, após tratamento térmico de solubilização a 1000 °C por 1 h e resfriada em água. A caracterização das amostras envolveu fluorescência de raios-X e análise de teor de O e N para determinação da composição. Microscopia eletrônica de varredura, difração de elétrons retroespalhados e difração de raios-X foram utilizadas para análise microestrutural. Nanoindentação, medida de microdureza Vickers e análise de módulo de elasticidade por ultrassom para análise do comportamento mecânico. Verificou-se que é possível obter materiais com gradientes funcionais pelo processo LENS® dentro do sistema Ti-Nb-Zr. As amostras apresentaram módulo de elasticidade variando entre 65 a 110 GPa ao longo de seu comprimento / Abstract: The use of Ti-Nb-Zr alloys system as biomaterial is promising due to its good biocompatibility, high corrosion resistance, high strength and low modulus of elasticity. The mechanical properties of Ti-Nb-Zr alloys can be manipulated varying the content of Nb and Zr in the component production. This variation is obtained by applying the additive manufacturing process LENS®. This process is a novel technique and allows the production of three-dimensional components with compositional gradients and hence with functional gradients. Functionally graded materials are required in some cases, for repair of hard tissues of human body. In bone fracture fixation plates, for example, is interesting that the closest fracture regions possess high Young's modulus while adjacent fracture regions low Young's modulus. The aim of this work was to study, of metallurgical point of view, the possibility of producing materials, for orthopedic application, manufactured with Ti-Nb-Zr alloys with composition gradients applying the LENS®. To this, ingots measuring 12 x 12 x 55 mm were produced. Its ends were produced with the nominal composition Ti-35Nb-10Zr (wt%) (low modulus region), the central region was produced with CP Ti (high modulus region) and the regions between the extremities and central, with intermediate composition. Each ingot was symmetrical cut in longitudinal way, resulting in two samples (plates). One sample was characterized as the solidified state and the other one, after solubilization heat treatment at 1000 °C for 1 h and cooled in water. The samples were characterized by X-rays fluorescence and analysis of O and N content for compositions determining. Scanning electron microscopy, electron backscattering diffraction and X-ray diffraction were used for microstructural analysis. Nanoindentation technique, Vickers microhardness measure and measurement of Young's modulus by ultrasound were used for mechanical properties analysis. It has been found that it is possible to obtain functional gradients materials by the LENS® process within Ti-Nb-Zr system. The samples had modulus ranging from 65 to 110 GPa along its length / Mestrado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

This diploma thesis deals with a new concept of maintenance and operation of production technologies, where spare parts are manufactured using rapid prototyping methods. The options are compared with currently used methods. Furthermore, methodological recommendations are written on how to proceed with the application. The aim of the work is to evaluate the concept and confirm the theoretical assumptions on a case study.

The topic of diploma thesis are surface heat treatments after 3D print by method Fused Deposition Modeling. In the introduction is located recherche of the given issue. Further, we describe the construction and process of the 3D printer construction, on which will be printed samples for experiments in the next part of the thesis. The aim is to determine the behavior and changes of surface structures of heat-affected samples from different materials. Furthermore, the suitability of the used methods and the possibility of their use in practice.

This study has been as a diploma project at BUT. Theoretical part describes the most used methods in Reverse engineering and Rapid Prototyping. Each method describes its characteristics, usability and pros and cons in general. Practical part of this study deals with application of these methods. Goal of this work has been to obtain a digital model of a winker from Škoda 1000 car using optical scanner ATOS, making a new master model in CATIA software, analyzing its dimensions compared to the scanned model and choosing a suitable manufacturing technology with emphasis on functional properties of this component.

The diploma thesis is focused on the application of modern technologies in ski helmets development. In the theoretical part is performed the research of the protective gear for skiers including the characteristics of production technologies used for its production. Part of the thesis is also the characteristics of Reverse Engineering and Rapid Prototyping. The practical part deals with the design of the ski helmet using modeling clay with the following conversion to a computer model and editing in available CAx program. Part of the practical part is also production on 3D printer. The thesis is concluded with a technical-economic evaluation of applicated modern technologies used for prototype helmet model production.

The aim of these theses was the creation of a single-stage gearbox by additive technology FDM / FFF. By chosen values was made dimension calculation for gears. The 3D model of the gearbox was designed in 3D software Autodesk Inventor. Single parts were produced on an FDM 3D printer by Prusa Research. Manufacturing programs for parts were prepared in PrusaSlicer. These programs were used for producing individuals parts on 3D Printer. Transparent material and printing parameters for the top of the gearbox were chosen by visual test and test of light intensity. The total cost of model production is calculated in the work. The result of these is a completely working model of a single-stage gearbox with a transparent top of the gearbox.

Determining accuracy of wax patterns is an important in wide implementing rapid prototyping methods in investment casting. This experiment is comparing wax pattern accuracy produced in classical metal die and silicone mould. It has been found out, that wax patterns produced by the silicone mould are ounly about one or two accuracy steps worse then wax patterns produced by classical metal die.

The goal of the diploma thesis is to verify the possibilities of obtaining the casting of the femur component of the customized knee replacement using the technology of Rapid Prototyping and investment casting. To get the wax pattern it is used the method of fabrication the silicon rubber mould. Its optimalization from the wax pattern quality, economy of production and cooling speed aspects is important parameter at repeated production of the wax patterns.