Yes / People worldwide are largely engaged and attached with the web 2.0 technology and Social media platforms. By the same token, businesses start looking at such technologies as effective mechanisms to interact more with their customers. Equally, the related issues of social media marketing have been also the focus of attention for academics and researchers to expand the current understanding about such phenomena over the marketing area. Accordingly, the main aim of this study is to systematically examine and review the current studies that have conducted over the related area of social media and marketing. By reviewing approximately 144 articles, the researchers were able to provide an overview of the main themes and trends covered by the relevant literature such as the role of social media on advertising, the electronic word of mouth, customers’ relationship management, and firms’ brands and performance. In this review, it has also studied the most common research approaches adopted to examine the related issues of social media marketing. Further discussion is also introduced followed by an explanation of the current review limitations and recommended directions to be examined by future studies.

Yes / The online shopping is increasing rapidly because of its convenience to buy from home and comparing products from their reviews written by other purchasers. When people buy a product, they express their emotions about that product in the form of review. In Indian context, it is found that the reviews contain Hindi text along with English. It is also found that most of the Hindi text contains opinionated words like bahut achha, bakbas, pesa wasool etc. We have tried to find out different Hindi texts appearing in product reviews written on Indian E-commerce portals. We have also developed a system which takes all those reviews containing Hindi as well as English texts and find out the sentiment expressed in that review for each attribute of the product as well as a final review of the product.

Yes / A systematic review of the literature of guilt in consumer behavior revealed a lack of diversity in respect of various factors that affect the elicitation of guilt-induced behavior. These factors are the cause of guilt (self, society, others/action, inaction); the form in which guilt manifests (anticipatory, reactive, existential); and moderators (culture, demographics, narratives). Implicitly, the review illustrated that researchers exhibit a tendency towards assessing reactive guilt caused by the self in individualistic cultures. Such findings cannot be generalized to encompass other forms of guilt that had alternate causes, nor be applied in collectivist cultures. Such considerations are imperative, due to guilt’s inherent complexity. Therefore, this review provides a guide for future research based on these factors, and introduces e-guilt, as sufficient evidence suggests that online settings present incomparable circumstances where one’s behavior is visible and irretrievable.

Yes / Reviews and ratings of consumers towards a product impact consumer decision-making and their perceptions. Such information is key in measuring consumer satisfaction and net promoter scores. However, when the reviewed products are refurbished, consumer reviews become more important because information influences consumer behaviour and attitude toward looped products. This research explores the decision-influencing attributes of consumers while purchasing refurbished goods using quantitative and qualitative methods. Online after-sales 1986 laptop customers’ review and rating data in the public domain were analysed to reveal the decision-influencing attributes and their impact on potential consumers. The study envisions assisting the operations of sellers in the refurbished market by strengthening their businesses' value proposition and stimulating reverse logistics entrepreneurs to use the opportunity. Review data containing lifecycle valuation of old laptops induced feature extraction by machine learning applications. It is beneficial to sellers in the refurbished product segment. It provides information to strengthen their value proposition and is informative to entrepreneurs wanting to enter the segment. Based on the text analysis of consumer reviews, the study's results show that price, brand, design, performance, services, and utility influence consumers. The frequency analysis technique was used to extract attributes, followed by content analysis and feature selection using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for exploring correlations between features and star ratings. Lastly, multinomial logistic regression was used to validate the generated model. The results show that brand, design, price, and utility are the most prominent attributes influencing consumers' decision-making with positive sentiments. In contrast, performance and services often generate neutral and negative sentiments. / The full-text of this article will be released for public view at the end of the publisher embargo on 27 Dec 2024.

The educational reform movement of the 1980's has called for a restructuring of our nation's public schools. The effective schools research and reform literature, such as the Carnegie Report (1986), suggest that collegiality offers teachers and administrators the opportunity to improve the structure of our nation's schools. Collegiality encourages intellectual sharing which promotes professionalism, consensus and unity among a school staff. Peer coaching is recognized as one way teachers are provided opportunities to work in a collegial setting. The peer coaching model requires that teachers be provided with (a) theory, (b) practice in observation skills, (c) practice with notetaking as a source of data collection, (d) practice in giving specific feedback from the notes during an observation and (e) practice in observing videotaped teaching episodes. An important contribution of the peer coaching model is that it allows teachers the opportunity to observe and learn from each other. Therefore, if teachers are to benefit from the peer coaching model, they must be able to provide feedback to their peers that is both useful and accurate. Hall (1988) implied that the peer coaching teachers in her study needed more training in feedback skills in order to provide useful feedback to their peers. However, to date, there is no empirical evidence to support Hall's assumption. Furthermore, if the peer coaching model is to be successfully implemented and positively affect teacher behavior, then staff development personnel need information to address selected variables which may be impeding feedback in the peer coaching model. Therefore, the researcher of this dissertation conducted an investigative social research study in order to provide an objective assessment of peer coaching feedback and then to investigate selected variables that may be impeding that feedback. In order to provide this information, the researcher conducted her study in a large suburban public school system that had implemented peer coaching for a three year period. A select group of 54 teachers, who had been trained in mentoring and peer coaching skills, participated in telephone interviews, "scripting," feedback commentaries and a questionnaire in order to provide the data needed for the study. / Ed. D.

Risk assessment of organised crime groups can assess different types of risk at a group- or individual-level. Operational definitions of key concepts, units of analysis and type of data are a few issues prevalent in risk assessment (RA) instruments when assessing risk in gangs on a group-level. Do these methodological issues also affect risk assessment in OCG members on an individual level? This review will also focus on how risk assessment instruments are used when assessing individual risk in gang members. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Five databases were included in the review. The abstract screening process yielded 47 studies suitable for full-text screening. Only 8 studies qualified for inclusion after applying the eligibility criteria. A narrative synthesis revealed that risk assessment in OCG members were focused on an adolescent population within a mainly western cultural setting. The RA tools were mostly used in custody settings but also took place in the community and in schools. Variations on RA instruments based on Level of Service Inventory (Andrews & Bonta, 2010) were the most common ones, but other frameworks and models assessing risk were also used. Similar methodological issues were observed on an individual-risk assessment level as on a group level, resulting in a negative impact on validity of RA instruments when used on OCG members.

As Europe confronts a substantial surge in energy demand, the pressing necessity to integrate nuclear energy and others low-carbon energy sources into the energy mix has become evident. This integration is of paramount importance to achieving the objective of zero emissions by 2050, as outlined in various European Union climate policies. The role of nuclear energy, particularly through the deployment of Small Modular Reactors and Generation IV reactors, is pivotal in ensuring a dependable and sustainable energy supply that meets rigorous environmental standards.The public perception of nuclear energy plays a critical role in its acceptance and implementation. This thesis examines the importance of societal views on nuclear power, addressing common concerns and misconceptions through transparent communication and education. Engaging the public in discussions about the advancements in nuclear technology, especially the enhanced safety features and reduced environmental impact of modern reactors, is essential for gaining widespread support. Furthermore, the development of Generation IV reactors is imperative for addressing the challenge of nuclear waste management. These advanced reactors are designed to be more efficient and generate less waste, with some concepts capable of recycling spent fuel and using it as a resource. By focusing on these technologies, it is possible to mitigate the long-term environmental impact of nuclear energy and enhance its sustainability.This research is a purely literature review that highlights the necessity of advancing nuclear technology and fostering public trust to successfully integrate nuclear energy into Europe’s future energy strategy. The achievement of a zero-emissions energy mix by 2050 will necessitate a multifaceted approach that combines technological innovation, robust regulatory frameworks, and proactive public engagement. The findings of this thesis underscore the potential of SMRs and Generation IV reactors to transform the nuclear energy landscape, making them a cornerstone of a clean and reliable energy future.

No / Aim The aim of this review is to summarise the literature relating to patients’ experiences with home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Method This literature review is based on searches of CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Knowledge and Web of Science for articles published between 1970 and 2013. Additional studies were included from Department of Health publications, NICE clinical guidance, UK patient support group with interests in HPN or intestinal failure (IF). Results Patients with severe IF have been successfully treated with HPN since the 1970s. Early published studies evaluated clinical outcomes such as catheter-related infections, metabolic complications, thrombosis of the catheterised vein and liver impairment. Since the 1980s questionnaire studies were used to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) of patients treated with HPN. These early studies used QoL assessment tools which were not validated for patients treated with HPN. Internationally, there were published qualitative research studies which explored the experiences of patients treated with HPN. Conclusions The long-term outcome of patients treated with HPN continues to attract research interest. The review of the literature did not identify any published qualitative studies on the experiences of patients treated with HPN in the UK, suggesting a gap in the research. The UK National Health Service advocates a patient-centred approach for service design and delivery in primary and secondary care. This literature review has highlighted opportunities for qualitative research into the experiences of patients living with HPN to achieve better understanding and awareness of the rehabilitation of these patients

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Yes / Background: Obesity interventions rely predominantly on managing dietary intake and/or increasing physical activity but sustained adherence to behavioural regimens is often poor. Avatar technology is well established within the computer gaming industry and evidence suggests that virtual representations of self may impact real-world behaviour, acting as a catalyst for sustained weight loss behaviour modification. However, the effectiveness of avatar technology in promoting weight loss is unclear. Aims: We aimed to assess the quantity and quality of empirical support for the use of avatar technologies in adult weight loss interventions. Method: A systematic review of empirical studies was undertaken. The key objectives were to determine if: (i) the inclusion of avatar technology leads to greater weight loss achievement compared to routine intervention; and (ii) whether weight loss achievement is improved by avatar personalisation (avatar visually reflects self). Results: We identified 6 papers that reported weight loss data. Avatar-based interventions for weight loss management were found to be effective in the short (4–6 weeks) and medium (3–6 months) term and improved weight loss maintenance in the long term (12 months). Only 2 papers included avatar personalisation, but results suggested there may be some added motivational benefit. Conclusions: The current evidence supports that avatars may positively impact weight loss achievement and improve motivation. However, with only 6 papers identified the evidence base is limited and therefore findings need to be interpreted with caution. / National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) [RfPB programme (project reference PB-PG-1215-20016)].