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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

Etude de la structure et de la fonction d'un complexe constitué de 5 protéines non ribosomiques Npa1p, Npa2p, Dbp6p, Nop8p et Rsa3p essentielles à la formation de la grande sous unité des ribosomes eucaryotes / Structure-function of a omplex constituted by 5 non ribosomal proteins essential for the formation of the large ribosomal subunit in eucaryotes

Joret, Clément 19 October 2016 (has links)
Les ribosomes sont les molécules présentes dans toutes les cellules du règne vivant. Ils résultent de l'assemblage d'ARN ribosomiques (ARNr) et de protéines ribosomiques, constituant des particules ribonucléoprotéiques (RNP). Ils jouent un rôle majeur en décodant l'information génétique contenue dans les ARN messagers (ARNm) afin de les traduire en protéines lors du processus de traduction. La production des ribosomes chez les eucaryotes est initiée par la transcription par l'ARN pol I d'un pré-ARNr ribosomique (pré-ARNr) précurseur des ARNr matures 18S, 5.8S et 25S/28S, qui sera modifié chimiquement et digéré par des endo- et exoribonucléases pour aboutir aux ARNr matures. Le pré-ARNr en cours de synthèse s'associe avec des protéines ribosomiques, des petites particules ribonucléoprotéiques (snoRNP) et des protéines dites " non ribosomiques " conduisant à l'assemblage de la particule 90S initiale. Cette particule est ensuite scindée en particules pré-ribosomiques pré-40S et pré-60S, qui vont suivre des voies de maturation indépendantes pour aboutir aux sous unités ribosomiques 40S et 60S mature. La production des ribosomes eucaryotes requiert l'intervention de plus de 200 protéines dites " non ribosomiques ", qui s'associent avec les particules pré-ribosomiques et sont absentes des ribosomes cytoplasmiques matures. Des données obtenues en collaboration suggèrent que cinq protéines non-ribosomiques impliquées dans les étapes précoces de la formation de la grande sous-unité ribosomique, Npa1p, Npa2p, Nop8p, Dbp6p et Rsa3p forment un complexe en l'absence d'ARN ribosomique. Il s'agirait du plus gros complexe connu composé uniquement de protéines, requis pour la formation des sous unités ribosomiques. Nop8p contient un domaine de liaison à l'ARN et pourrait permettre de fixer le complexe au pré-ARNr, et Dbp6p est une potentielle ARN hélicase. Les composants du complexe pourraient constituer des régulateurs et/ou des cibles de Dbp6p. Les objectifs de ma thèse étaient de déterminer si les protéines Npa1p, Npa2p, Nop8p, Dbp6p et Rsa3p forment effectivement un complexe en dehors des pré-ribosomes, de caractériser les interactions protéine/protéine au sein du complexe et sa structure et d'étudier les fonctions de ses composants. Au cours de ma thèse, j'ai mis en évidence que Nop8p, Dbp6p et Rsa3p sont associées aux pré-ARNr 35S, 32S et 27SA2 et font donc partie des mêmes particules pré-ribosomiques que Npa1p et Npa2p. Les protéines Npa1p, Npa2p, Nop8p et Rsa3p forment un complexe stable, qui persiste une fois dissocié des particules pré-ribosomiques. L'observation au microscope électronique à transmission des complexes purifiés révèle la présence de deux types de complexes de tailles différentes. Par ailleurs, l'hélicase Dbp6p interagit avec ce complexe, mais de manière plus labile car elle en est dissociée en présence d'une forte concentration en magnésium. Les analyses de déplétion de chaque membre du complexe montrent que l'absence de Nop8p n'empêche pas les interactions entre Npa1p, Npa2p et Rsa3p, et que l'absence de Npa2p n'empêche pas les interactions entre Npa1p, Nop8p et Rsa3p. En revanche, l'absence de Npa1p déstabilise totalement le complexe. La perte d'expression de Dbp6p affecte également l'efficacité de co-précipitation de ces pré-ARNr, mais dans une moindre mesure. En parallèle, nous avons débuté une étude des interactions protéine/protéine qui s'établissent entre les membres du complexe. Des données préliminaires suggèrent des interactions directes entre Npa1p, Npa2p et Dbp6p et entre Npa1p et Rsa3p. Nous avons également commencé à effectuer des tests d'activité in vitro de l'hélicase Dbp6p qui suggèrent qu'elle présente une activité ATPase. Enfin, nous avons également localisé le site de fixation sur le pré-ARNr de Npa1p situé à proximité de la protéine ribosomique Rpl3, suggérant qu'ils pourraient collaborer dans la compaction du pré-ARNr. / Ribosomes are huge molecular complexes present in all cells of living things. They result from the assembly of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and ribosomal proteins, constituting ribonucleoproteins (RNP). They play a major role in decoding the genetic information contained in messenger RNA (mRNA) to translate them into proteins during translation. Production of eukaryotic ribosomes is initiated by transcription of a pre-ribosomal rRNA (pre-rRNA) precursor of mature 18S rRNA, 5.8S and 25S / 28S by RNA polymerase I, which is chemically modified and trimmed with endo- and exoribonucleases, in order to form mature rRNAs. The nascent pre-rRNA associates with ribosomal proteins, small ribonucleoprotein particles (snoRNP) and proteins called "non-ribosomal", leading to the assembly of an initial pre-90S particle. This particle is then split into pre-ribosomal pre-40S and pre-60S particles that follow independent maturation pathways leading to mature ribosomal 40S and 60S subunits. Synthesis of eukaryotic ribosomes requires the intervention of more than 200 non-ribosomal proteins that associate with pre-ribosomal particles and are absent from mature cytoplasmic ribosomes. Data obtained in collaboration suggest that five non-ribosomal proteins involved in the early maturation steps of the large ribosomal subunit Npa1p, Npa2p, Nop8p, Dbp6p and Rsa3p form a complex in the absence of ribosomal RNA. It would be the biggest and only known protein module required for the formation of ribosomal subunits. Nop8p contains a RNA binding domain and could tether the complex with pre-rRNA, and Dbp6p is a putative RNA helicase. Components of the complex may constitute regulators and / or Dbp6p targets. The objectives of my thesis were to determine whether Npa1p, Npa2p, Nop8p, Dbp6p and Rsa3p can form a complex outside the context of pre-ribosomes, characterize protein / protein interactions within the complex, and also to study its structure and function. During my thesis, I demonstrated that Nop8p, Dbp6p and Rsa3p are associated with 35S, 32S and 27SA2 pre-rRNAs, and are therefore constitutive of the same pre-ribosomal particles than Npa1p and Npa2p. Npa1p, Npa2p, Nop8p and Rsa3p can form a stable complex that exists once dissociated pre-ribosomal particles. Electron microscopic observation reveal two types of complexes. Furthermore, Dbp6p helicase can interact with this complex, but in a more labile fashion, since it is dissociated in presence of a high concentration of magnesium. Depletion experiments show that the absence of Nop8p does not prevent interactions with Npa1p, Npa2p and Rsa3p, and that the absence of Npa2p does not prevent interactions with Npa1p, Nop8p and Rsa3p. However, the absence of Npa1p strongly destabilizes the complex. Loss of expression of Dbp6p also affects the efficiency of co-precipitation of 35S, 32S and 27SA2 pre-rRNAs, but to a lesser extent. In parallel, we began a study of protein / protein interactions between members of the complex. Preliminary data suggest a direct interaction between Npa1p or Npa2p and Dbp6p, and Npa1p and Rsa3p. We also began conducting an in vitro study of Dbp6p that suggest it has a helicase activity. Finally, by CRAC analysis we show that Npa1p binds adjacent to large ribosomal protein Rpl3 on 25S rRNA, and could collaborate with it in local rRNA folding.
72

Kinetic models of sequential initiation events upon polysome formation

Andreeva, Irena 09 May 2016 (has links)
No description available.
73

Studies on the structure of ribonucleoproteins

Miall, Susan H. January 1968 (has links)
No description available.
74

Biosynthesis of ribosomes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Medveczky, Nicholas E. January 1968 (has links)
The structure ribosomes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli were compared. The thermal denaturation profiles of the P. aeruginosa ribosomes were consistently at higher temperatures than the corresponding profiles for those of E. coli. The differences in the thermal denaturation profiles of the ribosomal RNAs were not as pronounced. Although the numbers of the proteins resolved from the ribosomal subunits of E. coli and P. aeruginosa were approximately the same, the distribution of these proteins in the gel was markedly different. The optimum conditions for the resynthesis of ribosomes in P. aeruginosa have been established. It was demonstrated that the resynthesis of ribosomes proceeds through a number of ribosomal precursors. By isotope labelling experiments the rate of labelling of the RNA moiety of the ribosome was found to be different from the rate of labelling of the protein moiety. Furthermore both labels were found to accumulate in the ribosomes at the expense of the ribosomal precursors. The following precursors were resolved by sucrose density gradient centrifugation: 16S → 20S →23S → 25S →28S→30S → 32S → 34S → 40S → 43S → 50S The 16S to 28S precursors were not characterized well enough to be placed either in the 50S or 30S sequence. There was evidence that the ribosomal RNA itself had precursors, 9S and 12S. / Science, Faculty of / Microbiology and Immunology, Department of / Graduate
75

Steady state culture of mammalian cells: distribution of ribosomes and ribosomal R N A at varying growth rates.

Daskal, Yerach. January 1971 (has links)
No description available.
76

Organelle ribosomes and rRNA in Ochromonas danica : a biochemical and ultrastructural study

Smith-Johannsen, Heidi January 1976 (has links)
No description available.
77

Isolation of messenger-like RNA from immunochemically precipitated polyribosomes.

Delovitch, T. L. January 1971 (has links)
No description available.
78

Studies on the immunochemical isolation of polyribosomes.

Boyd, Susan Lorna. January 1971 (has links)
No description available.
79

Biophysical studies of the structure of Torulopsis utilis ribosomal 5S ribonucleic acid /

Chen, Shiow-meei January 1986 (has links)
No description available.
80

Alteration in the circular dichroism spectra of 30S ribosomal subunits, ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA in the presence of aminocyclitol antibiotics /

Hoener, Betty-ann January 1974 (has links)
No description available.

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