This thesis explores the development of Puerto Rican public health institutions and policy from 1898 to 1917. I ground the research in the major constitutional legislative actions (Foraker Act of 1900, Jones Act of 1917) taken by the United States to highlight both the key political moments in the colonial relationship between the metropole and colony and the accompanying ramifications for the public health institutions on the island. Case studies of epidemic disease outbreaks - smallpox, hookworm disease, and bubonic plague - facilitate an assessment of how political partisanship, international philanthropic groups, and interest group politicking affected the execution of campaigns responding to these diseases. I show that the circulation of personnel, philosophies, materials, and technologies within the American sphere of influence alone resulted in a sanitary imperialism that was a unique and cosmopolitan amalgamation of the latest medical and public health science of the day. I contend that the annexation and administration of Puerto Rico was above all haphazard in the early years of the twentieth century. The narrative that emerges from other historians who argue that highly specific themes or debates were the central issue does not fit the archival record. Such single-factor explanations as race, gender, sexuality, religion, or economic expansion mask the importance of highly particular factors on the ground. This thesis demonstrates that an understanding of the Puerto Rican context requires a more nuanced and even-handed approach than previous literature has provided. Health policy and institution building from 1898 to 1917 is a story of the continuous attempt to disentangle public health from partisan politicking. In large part, public health and disease campaigns were conceptualized as a means of enhancing commercial ties with the international community and improving the economic outlook of the island.

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Puerto Rico, the smallest island of the Great Antilles , has an area of 3,400 square miles. Its major language is Spanish and it is a Commonwealth of the United States of America. The population is approximately 3.6 millions and historically had an agricultural-based economy. However, today, because of its geographic location and tropical environment , the major economic industry is tourism. Thousands of people visit the island annually to enjoy the natural scenery and experience the rich cultural heritage that it offers.Studies have shown that the majority of tourists stay in the northern part of the island where the main attractions are Old San Juan, El Yunque National Rain Forest, and the Luquillo Beach. There has been limited tourism in the southern region, where a different climatic environment prevails. As a result, a different variety of natural scenery and ecological systems exists. The most popular tourist attractions in the south are: Ponce, the second largest city; San German, the second oldest town; and, the Phosphorescent Bay in Guanica. These towns are located in close proximity to each other and, thus, a need exists to spread tourism to the rest of the southern coast.One strategy to attract tourists to this area is to rehabilitate sugar plantations that are within the region. It is on the southern coast where most of the sugar industry was established, including the two largest ones. Although this industry is presently suffering a recession, at one time it was the country's leading export. This rehabilitation will allow tourists, as well as islanders, the opportunity to experience how the sugar industry used to be. As a paradox, I am proposing a new economic boom via tourism that focuses -on a "once major income producer."Central Aguirre, in the town of Salinas, will be used as a case study for this rehabilitation plan. It is located five miles southwest of the town of Guayama, a district under consideration for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. This center of sugar production used to be the second largest in the country. The complex itself is a miniature town,built in approximately ninety-five acres. It serves as one of the best examples of the physical and social hierarchy established between the owners and the laborers. The factory closed abruptly operations in January 1991. The proposed rehabilitation intend to offers the visitor an interpretation of the way this community used to be. It will provide lodging facilities by the rehabilitation of existing cottages and laborers housing, and hotels. The historic railroad system, which the government is committed to restore, will serve as the major transportation system to the interior of Central Aguirre.The author believes that a country's heritage must be used to promote tourism. But there must be a comprehensive plan that establishes tourist trade as a vehicle for enhancing restoration and protection of historic sites and monuments. This project proposes such a plan. / Department of Architecture

La periodontitis es una enfermedad infecciosa que ocasiona la destrucción de los tejidos de soporte del diente y si no es atendida a tiempo produce la perdida dentaria además de producir problemas funcionales y estéticos. Es por eso que el área de Periodoncia durante los últimos años ha buscado tratamientos complementarios a la terapia quirúrgica que ayuden a la permanencia en boca de estas piezas dentales afectadas por la periodontitis. Una de estas técnicas son los modificadores de la respuesta biológica como son los factores de crecimiento que podemos encontrarlos en el Plasma Rico en Fibrina (PRF) descrito por Choukroun et al. como una nueva generación de concentrados de plaquetas orientados a la preparación simplificada que nos sirve para iniciar y acelerar el proceso de cicatrización El objetivo de este estudio es determinar el efecto clínico del Plasma Rico en Fibrina (PRF) como terapia conjunta a la fase quirúrgica del tratamiento de la Periodontitis Crónica. Para lo cual se realizó este trabajo experimental, prospectivo y a boca partida en 21 pacientes con diagnóstico de Periodontitis crónica generalizada que acudieron al Servicio de Periodoncia – HNHU. Criterios de inclusión: Edad 40+5años, no fumadores, sin condición sistémica, presenten bolsas periodontales de 4-7mm ubicados en dos sextantes diferentes pero análogos, ya que uno de los lados fue el grupo experimental que recibió el RAR con necesidad de colgajo más la colocación del PRF en la zona del defecto y el otro lado fue el grupo control que solo recibió el RAR con necesidad de colgajo .A los 7 días se evaluó el sangrado y el grado de inflamación Se observó que el 4.8% de las muestras del grupo experimental presentaron presencia de sangrado, mientras que en el grupo control el 23.8% presentaron sangrado. Se observó a través de la prueba exacta de Fisher que el 100% de las nuestras del grupo control presento inflamación mientras que el 33.3% de las muestras del grupo experimental presentaron ausencia de inflamación y el 66.7% presento inflamación. A los 30 días se evaluó la PS y el NAC observándose que existió una diferencia significativa entre ambos grupos siendo favorable en ambos casos para el grupo experimental. En el grupo experimental se produjo una reducción de bolsas de 1.94+0.75mm mientras en el grupo control redujo 1.04+0.81mm dando una diferencia entre ambos grupos de 0.90 + 0.93 analizado a través de la prueba de U de Mann- Whitney. Para el NAC también el grupo experimental produjo una ganancia de adherencia clínica de 2.01 +- 1.05mm frente al grupo control que gano 0.99 +- 1.01mm, dando una diferencia entre ambos grupos de 1.01 +- 0.96 mm analizado a través de la prueba de t de Student para muestras independientes.

This thesis is about the power of political elites to establish the framework of political discourse, and to thereby control political power, in Puerto Rico. The Puerto Rican 'status question' - the debate about the island's ultimate juridical and political relationship with the United States and the rest of the world – is considered a manifestation of such power. Formal domestic politics in Puerto Rico is structured around three party political desires for an uncertain and unknowable postcolonial future, and not around any set of distinctive ideological positions for engaging with political issues in the present. An unresolved question of nationalism and state building therefore becomes the structural filter through which all politics must necessarily pass. Inspired by the concept of hegemony, the thesis is firstly interested in how political elites exercise power to establish status as the framework for domestic political discourse. Secondly, and more importantly, it is interested in how this framework is reinforced, modified, resisted and even overcome through elite exercises of power in concrete political settings. The thesis takes a particular focus on the relationship between status positions and everyday political practices in three Puerto Rican municipalities: Guaynabo, Caguas and Lares. The author arrived at this focus through an ethnographic engagement with the field that was made possible by his research positionality as a white British outsider to Puerto Rico. The thesis tells the story of the nuanced ways in which local political elites engage with the status question through practices of politics on the ground. Elite performances of local state power do not straightforwardly reproduce the hegemony of status, but rather, create a more complicated empirical terrain of contradictory, unexpected and subversive effects. In certain places, everyday practices of municipal politics appear to reflect the intractable entanglement of local priorities and centrally prescribed status positions. In others, politics gets done in ways that leave the status question behind, creating effects that include city-state sovereignty, elevated standards of living, non-nationalist forms of politics, and non-state-centric possibilities for decolonisation. Ironically, therefore, a political system that is so profoundly shaped by discourses of nationalism and state building is disrupted in practice by some of the very actors who help to give the system this shape. These findings contribute to critical geographies of the Caribbean and to recent debates on politics, power and decolonisation in Puerto Rico.

Orientador: Paulo Sérgio Perri de Carvalho / Banca: João Gualberto Cerqueira Luz / Banca: Darceny Zanetta Barbosa / Banca: Marcio Giampietro Sanches / Banca: Mário Francisco Real Gabrielli / Resumo: Este trabalho foi desenvolvido para verificar a ação do PRP isolado ou associado ao osso bovino anorgânico ou vidro bioativo. Foram utilizados, neste trabalho, 4 cães, machos, e neles foram confeccionadas 4 cavidades bilaterais na mandíbula, e depois divididos em 4 grupos: controle; PRP; PRP/Bio-Oss®; PRP/Bio-Gran®. Após 120 dias, os animais foram sacrificados e a análise histológica demostrou que o processo de reparo foi completo somente para o grupo Controle. Nos demais grupos não foi possível verificar o completo reparo das cavidades. Em nível biológico, os melhores resultados obtidos estão apontados em seqüência; PRP/Bio- Oss®; PRP/Bio-Gran®; e PRP. Esses achados foram confirmados por meio de análise histomorfométrica, onde as diferenças entre os grupos se mostraram estatisticamente signicantes na comparação do grupo Controle. Foi possível concluir neste estudo que o PRP isolado ou associado ao vidro bioativo e ao osso bovino anorgânico não favoreceu o processo de reparo. / Abstract: This study evaluated the effect of PRP associeted to bovine anorganic bone or bioglass on bone healing. From adult male dogs leid form bone cavities prepared in earl side of the mandible, which were divided into four groups, according to the fillig material, as follows: control, PRP, PRP/ Bio-Oss, PRP/Bio-Gran. The animals were sacrified after 120 days, and healing was complete only in the control cavities. Among the treat groups, the better results were found for PRP/Bio-Oss, followed by PRP/Bio-Gran and PRP. Those findings were confirmed by histometric analysis, which showed statistically significant difference in the amount of bone formation favorable to the control cavities. Thus, PRP, associetd or not with bovine anorganic bone or bioglass did not favorable affect bone healing. / Doutor

Thesis. 1979. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Vita. / Bibliography: leaves 228-242. / by Rafael Corrada Guerrero. / Ph.D.

This dissertation explores how members of sovereignty movements in politically-dependent nations respond to transnational influences in their social, economic, and political lives. My research explores Puerto Rico's independence movements on the island and the U.S. mainland with the intent to uncover how transnational influences in Puerto Ricans' social and economic lives may filter into their political activities. I look specifically at how the prolific use of cultural nationalism within the Puerto Rican political community contributes to the characterization of Puerto Rico as a transnational community, and I investigate how this affects their political activities. I conducted research for this dissertation between 2003 and 2005 in San Juan, Puerto Rico and New York City, New York. I used a variety of ethnographic methods, including semi-structured interviews, participation and observation, and archival research. I conclude that any transnational experiences Puerto Ricans may undergo in their daily experiences do not directly impact their political agendas and activities. Instead, I highlight each independentista community as distinct and illustrate the localized political goals and practices of both. I discuss the significance of spatiality to both pro-independence Puerto Rican communities, specifically as it relates to the traditional nation-state structure and the multiplicity of boundaries affecting national membership and access to citizenship and rights that it entails. Ultimately I argue that neither has the cultural eclipsed the political, nor has the transnational eclipsed the local, in Puerto Rican nationalist movements. Instead, I contend that the nation-state is still a powerful influence on contemporary definitions of national membership and belongingness, and locality and spatiality are significant motivators in today's sovereignty movements.

Thesis (M.S.)- - University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus, 2005. / Tables. Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-78)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Pennsylvania State University, 2009. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. Thesis advisor: Almeida Jacqueline Toribio.