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In the recent years, it comes into more notice for Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) due to good applications of VANET. For example, those applications include the driving secure and some serviced applications (e.g., loading electric maps, web Service, and so on). The delivered message about driving secure is called the traffic messages, and the delivered message about serviced applications is called the routine message. The traffic message is more important than the routine message. When vehicle is driven on the road and the events are happened (example of accident, or jam), it can broadcast these happened events to notify others on the same road by VANET and let others to earlier get the awareness to avoid the more serious accident or traffic jam. In fact, these traffic messages are related to the life of driver and passengers. Thus, we must pay attention to the correctness of these traffic messages when these messages are sent in VANET, i.e., it will result the serious traffic disorder if these messages are altered or forged by illegal offenders and we don¡¦t permit this situation to occur. Hence, the network security in VANET is the emphasis in this paper. There are some studies that have proposed some scheme for message authentication in VANET. However, there still exist some imperfections in these schemes (for example, the communication overhead is too heavy). Thus, this thesis proposes two schemes to improve these drawbacks based on some schemes which had been proposed. The first proposed scheme verifies message with the RSU¡¦s aid in the RSU scenario. The second proposed scheme uses the clustering to work a rotation for verifying message for no RSU scenario. The two schemes can efficiently reduce the communication overhead to form an integrity message authentication system.

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is an emerging new communication technol-ogy which has attracted a lot of research attention from academic community and indus-try. For many applications in VANETs, information has to be transmitted through mul-tiple hops before it reaches its destination that makes it a subject to various security at-tacks and privacy breaches. Thus, security and privacy issues could limit its adaption by the public community. In this study, we propose and evaluate social based trustworthy data forwarding scheme for VANET. First, by using social network analysis techniques, we provide a framework to strategically deploy Road-Side Units (RSUs) infrastructure in order to im-prove reliability, efficiency, and high packet delivery for VANET. It is based on multiple social centrality assessments of street network which help in placing RSUs at high social intersections. This social placement of RSUs will dramatically improve data dissemina-tion as the opportunity of contacting vehicles increase while costs of RSU deployment can be kept under control. Second, we propose a secure and privacy-preserving message forwarding protocol, which utilizes RSUs to forward messages between vehicles. The protocol takes advantage of high performance capability of RSUs to store and forward messages to their destinations, where these RSUs utilize re-encryption technique to form a mix network to provide adequate privacy for senders and receivers. Then detailed anal-ysis in terms of security, message overhead, delivery ratio, and average delay are per-formed to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed scheme. Lastly, we tackled the security and privacy challenges existing in social-aware data diffusion by proposing an efficient vehicle social evaluation (EVSE) scheme. Our scheme enables each vehicle to show its authentic social evaluation to others while not disclosing its past location information. As a result, it can meet the prerequisites for the success of social aware data diffusion in VANETs. / UOIT

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:38:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo6632_1.pdf: 6764865 bytes, checksum: 22507d03f369d858a9f0f728efb1c48b (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta tese apresenta uma avaliação da resistência ao cisalhamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos com codisposição de lodo de tratamento de esgoto. Neste sentido, verifica-se através de ensaios de cisalhamento direto de grandes dimensões sua influência nos parâmetros de resistência, e por outro lado, verifica-se através de reatores em escala de laboratório a alteração dos processos biodegradativos dos resíduos sólidos na geração de gases (concentração, pressão e vazão). Avalia-se também, a influência de materiais fibrosos presentes nos resíduos (plásticos, têxteis, dentre outros) como elemento de reforço na resistência ao cisalhamento. Para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, foi construído um equipamento de cisalhamento direto de grandes dimensões onde foram realizados ensaios com amostras com três diferentes composições, utilizando-se resíduos sólidos pré-tratados mecanicamente, sendo: 1) amostra total; 2) resíduos com redução dos materiais fibrosos; 3) resíduos com adição de lodo. Finalmente, foi realizada uma análise de estabilidade de taludes de RSU, utilizando-se a geometria usual de projetos de aterros sanitários, onde foram considerados: sua composição com e sem codisposição de lodo; o efeito das fibras como componente de reforço; e a influência de poro-pressão de lixiviados e do biogás. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram a importância dos componentes fibrosos na resistência ao cisalhamento dos resíduos sólidos, conferindo altos valores aos parâmetros de resistência devido à tensão de tração das fibras. Verificou-se também que é possível se atingir poro-pressões de biogás e lixiviado muito altas, dentro de uma situação de estabilidade

In this thesis we answer two questions relating to the impending deployment of V2X. We answer, "What is the state of current privacy measures implemented to prevent tracking and promote anonymity?" We answer this by showing that tracking methods used to circumvent changing IDs are possible. We also show through conservative calculations that this problem will not go away on its own and requires direct effort. We also answer, "Is the available production V2X hardware ready for scalable deployment?" To do this we develop a framework for evaluating RSUs and many of their core functions related to deployment, scalability, and management. We find that generally RSUs perform their tasks sufficiently. The areas lacking the most align with the areas with the most change in the last several years. During the course of this research, we had access to production-level hardware and data sets from deployed V2X test networks. We believe this gives extra weight to our work as we have not found another research group with the breadth of access we were granted. We hope this work will provide clear and accurate insight into the developmental landscape of V2X and inform industry and regulatory leaders on critical decisions which need to be made about security and V2X development.

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo general proponer alternativas jurídicas para fortalecer el proyecto de responsabilidad social universitaria del año 2022 de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo. Por consiguiente, el primer objetivo específico es interpretar de manera crítica las experiencias de las partes interesadas del proyecto de Responsabilidad Social Universitaria de la Facultad de Derecho del año 2022 de la Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo. Y el segundo objetivo específico es analizar el proyecto de Responsabilidad Social Universitaria del año 2022 de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, desde la perspectiva y expectativas que tienen sus estudiantes y docentes. La metodología utilizada es cuantitativa, cuyos instrumentos han sido utilizados mediante las fichas textuales y el cuestionario denominado encuesta, que contó con la participación de alumnos, docentes y pobladores del proyecto de Responsabilidad Universitaria de la Facultad de Derecho en el 2022 denominado JUSAT. Las propuestas jurídicas consisten en: La transversalización en el plan curricular de la Facultad de Derecho mediante actividades formativas de Responsabilidad Social Universitaria, en el ámbito jurídico de asignaturas seleccionadas; y proponer que haya una clínica jurídica con personal humano, equipos adecuados para el estudio de las necesidades de los pobladores relacionados al ámbito legal. / The general objective of this research is to propose legal alternatives to strengthen the 2022 university social responsibility project of the Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo Catholic University Law School. Therefore, the first specific objective is to critically interpret the experiences of the stakeholders of the University Social Responsibility project of the Law School of the year 2022 of the Catholic University Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo. And the second specific objective is to analyze the 2022 University Social Responsibility project of the Law School of the Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, from the perspective and expectations of its students and teachers. The methodology used is quantitative, whose instruments have been used through the textual cards and the questionnaire called survey, which had the participation of students, teachers and inhabitants of the University Responsibility project of the Faculty of Law in 2022 called JUSAT. The legal proposals consist of: The transversalization in the curricular plan of the Faculty of Law through formative activities of University Social Responsibility, in the legal field of selected subjects; and to propose that there be a legal clinic with human personnel, adequate equipment for the study of the needs of the villagers related to the legal field.

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[pt] Nos grandes centros urbanos, o aumento da geração de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU) é bastante superior ao crescimento da população; milhares de toneladas de lixo são despejadas diariamente em lixões ou aterros sanitários, exigindo investimentos cada vez maiores. Um sistema de limpeza urbana poderá ser implantado a partir do abastecimento dos caminhões de coleta de resíduos sólidos com o biogás produzido pela decomposição da matéria orgânica contida nos RSU depositados nestes aterros. Fonte renovável de energia, ao contrário do carvão, petróleo ou gás natural, o biogás, assim utilizado, traz significativa redução na emissão de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) e benefícios ao meio ambiente e à saúde da população. Este trabalho busca avaliar em aterros onde existe uma ampla produção de biogás, a possibilidade da aplicação de uma porcentagem do que é gerado para suprir a demanda de combustível de uma frota de caminhões coletores compactadores, (que são os veículos que mais emitem CO2/Km, além da intensa poluição sonora), substituindo o diesel mineral. São duas as tecnologias de aproveitamento do biogás a serem abordadas. A primeira refere-se ao aproveitamento do biogás para a geração de energia elétrica e sua utilização em caminhões elétricos e a segunda, em caminhões abastecidos com GNV (Gás Natural Veicular). Nesta perspectiva, os aterros deixam de ser apenas depósito final de resíduos; tornam-se um início de um novo ciclo de vida desses resíduos. Os sistemas de limpeza urbana serão projetados por analogia aos ecosistemas biológicos, criando um conceito original de ecossistema do lixo. / [en] The production of MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) is inevitable and occurs daily. Their amount varies depending on the level of economic development and the different layers that society entails. Managing information of MSW s lifecycle, from collection, treatment, disposal, recycling and energy recovery, becomes increasingly important to build a solid foundation for sustainable development. In the definition of United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), sustainable consumption means the supply of services and related products that meet basic human needs and promote their best quality of life not only current, as future generations. Therefore, sustainable consumption matters in particular attention for the use of natural resources and toxic substances as well as on strict control of waste and pollutants emissions during the life cycle of the product or service. In a scenario of climate change, with the growing consumption of disposable things and energy and also consequent increase of garbage production, adoption of more sustainable lifestyles must be an obligation, compatible with lower rates of utilization of natural resources and levels emissions of greenhouse gases (GEE). More than any other time, mankind finds itself in a crossroad. Since Industrial Revolution, in a traditional economic vision, technology and the market think that they will always be able to find replacements for finished natural resources and solutions to environmental degradation. Mankind requires energy to perform most of their daily activities. This energy comes from primary sources such as oil, coal, gas (non-renewable), or another nature, as occurs with biomass, solar and hydropower and biogas (renewable). The future development depends on availability of energy for a long time in increasing amounts secure, reliable sources and appropriate to environment.

Nesta tese estuda-se o comportamento mecânico de resíduos sólidos urbanos provenientes do aterro sanitário Bandeirantes (SP - Brasil) por meio de ensaios de campo e de laboratório, bem como, através de dados de monitoramento de recalques in situ. Os dados são analisados e algumas conclusões a respeito do comportamento do resíduo sólido urbano são apresentadas. Resultados de ensaios de campo, tais como, sondagens de simples reconhecimento com medida de SPT (Standard Penetration Test), ensaios penetrométricos tipo CPT (Cone Penetration Test), ensaios de infiltração, sondagens a trado para coleta de amostras, ensaio cross-hole e ensaio de resistividade elétrica são apresentados e discutidos, enfatizando as dificuldades de execução e a faixa de valores obtidos. Os ensaios de laboratório foram executados em amostras remoldadas, coletadas em dois furos de trado (40 cm de diâmetro), até cerca de 30 m de profundidade. O resíduo tem cerca de 15 anos de aterrado e os ensaios físicos e químicos executados mostraram que este é composto de cerca de 50% de uma fração pastosa com baixos valores de DQO (demanda química de oxigênio) e STV (sólidos totais voláteis), os quais demonstram que o resíduo já atingiu um avançado grau de decomposição. A resistência ao cisalhamento do resíduo foi avaliada a partir de ensaios triaxiais não drenados (CU) e drenados (CD), utilizando corpos de prova saturados e não saturados de grandes dimensões (15 x 30 cm e 20 x 40 cm). Desses ensaios obteve-se que os parâmetros de resistência ao cisalhamento do resíduo sólido urbano são largamente dependentes da deformação da amostra, e não foi observado nenhum pico ou valor último nas curvas tensão-deformação. Os valores obtidos estão de acordo com alguns resultados disponíveis na literatura para ensaios de laboratório e retro-análise. Os ensaios de compressão confinada, executados num consolidômetro de grande diâmetro (385 mm), mostraram uma rápida compressão inicial e primária e uma grande compressão secundária. As medidas de campo também mostraram deformações dessa natureza, as quais podem ser divididas em duas etapas: a primeira, relacionada à fase inicial do aterro e a segunda, associada, principalmente, à degradação química e biológica do resíduo. / This thesis deals with the mechanical behavior of urban solid waste from Bandeirantes sanitary landfill (São Paulo, Brazil). Field and laboratory tests, as well as data from field instrumentation (settlement) were obtained and used in the analysis. Results of in situ tests such as standard penetration test (SPT), cone penetration test (CPT), infiltration tests, auger boring for sampling, cross-hole test and electric resistivity are presented and discussed focusing on the difficulties in performing them as well as their potential as a source of design parameters. Laboratory tests were performed using remolded samples collected in two boreholes about 30 m in depth. The waste is about 15 years old and physical and chemical tests showed that about 50% of it is composed of organic past with low values of COD and TDS, which denote that it is degraded to a large extent. Shear strength of waste was studied by means of consolidated-drained (CD) and consolidated-undrained (CU) triaxial compression tests on large specimens, tested both at natural water content and saturated. It is shown that shear strength properties are largely dependent on deformation, since no peak or ultimate value was achieved on stress-strain curves. The values obtained are in accordance with some of the few results available in the literature, either from laboratory and back analysis. Confined compression tests carried out on large samples (385 mm diameter) showed quick initial and primary consolidation and large secondary compression. This in accordance with the field behavior, although in this case secondary compression seems to be composed of two parts: the first, related to the early stages of the fill and second one, which seems to be commanded mainly by chemical and biological degradation.

Submitted by Jadson Francisco de Jesus SILVA (jadson@uefs.br) on 2018-01-26T22:34:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o MENEZES 2017 Finall.pdf: 3387889 bytes, checksum: a259fed71288e6ff503358d33dc0e467 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-26T22:34:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o MENEZES 2017 Finall.pdf: 3387889 bytes, checksum: a259fed71288e6ff503358d33dc0e467 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-05 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The increase in the world?s population, the current rate of consumption and, consequently, generation of waste, implies an unsustainable use of the planet's resources for the production of goods. Solid waste is continuously generated in all steps of the production chain, and even after consumption, since their disposal requires the use of large areas, causing a double impact on the environment. Aiming to contribute for the quality of municipal solid waste management, the present study proposed the following scenarios to simulate waste generation: i) Scenario 1, which considers the current situation of Feira de Santana, without the use of recycling rates for dry and moist waste; ii) Scenario 2, where the recycling of materials based on PLANARES is applied; iii) Scenario 3, which adopts the recycling targets set forth in the PMGIRS; iv) Scenario 4A, with recycling targets proposed by PLANARES, together with the reduction of generation per capita and increase of the collection rate; v) Scenario 4B, with recycling targets proposed by the PMGIRS, combined with the reduction of generation per capita and increase of the collection rate; and, vi) Scenario 5, which allows for bold recycling targets, combined with the decrease in per capita production and growth of the collection rate. Based on these simulations, the impacts of each scenario were evaluated on increasing the life expectancy of the municipal landfill, and saving energy by recycling materials that are no longer being sent to the landfill. The results showed that: i) Increase in the useful life of the Feira de Santana landfill by 11, 17, 18 and 26 years, according to scenarios 2, 3, 4A and 4B, respectively. For scenario 5, the useful life of the municipal landfill does not end until the final analysis year (2075); (ii) The results obtained may also specify the mass quantity of waste that will no longer be sent to the landfill over the simulated years, namely: 77,000 t, 119,000 t, 92,000 t, 136,000 t, 212,000 t according to scenarios 2, 3, 4A, 4B and 5, respectively; iii) Can be saved in Feira de Santana in 2050 for scenario 5, the most expressive, approximately 1027 GWh, enough to supply close to 2.1 million households, considering the monthly consumption of 163 KWh and a average of 3 people per residence; (iv) Dry waste is 98% more economical than wet waste, since the potential of both was 202 GWh and 10 GWh respectively in 2050; v) Plastic stands out as the dry material with the greatest potential for energy savings. According to scenario 5, this material could save about 749 GWh, enough to supply approximately 1.5 million households; vi) The simulations presented in this paper, related to the use of material recycling rates and other management options, have proved to be more efficient in relation to the goals established by scenario 5 for all analysis parameters.Taking into account that the assessment and simulation were limited to secondary data due to the lack of consistent local information, it can be inferred that there was a reduction of environmental impacts for Feira de Santana with the adoption of municipal recycling goals. Through their implementation, it will be possible to extend the life expectancy of the municipal landfill, as well as provide energy savings and gains for the municipality. / O aumento da popula??o mundial, acrescida da atual forma de consumo, e, consequentemente, da gera??o de res?duos, implica o aumento do uso das reservas do planeta. Para se obter a mat?ria-prima bruta, em todos os passos at? sua transforma??o em bens de consumo, s?o continuamente produzidos res?duos, inclusive ap?s o consumo, uma vez que, os bens dur?veis foram fabricados para serem usados e descartados, o que caracteriza, portanto, um impacto dobrado, observando-se ainda que, al?m do uso das reservas, s?o demandados locais para depositar esses materiais ap?s utiliza??o. Visando auxiliar no tocante ? qualidade da gest?o dos res?duos, no presente trabalho foram propostos os seguintes cen?rios metodol?gicos: i) Cen?rio 1, que considera a situa??o atual de Feira de Santana, sem emprego de taxas de reciclagem para res?duos secos e ?midos; ii) Cen?rio 2, onde se aplica a reciclagem de materiais com base no PLANARES; iii) Cen?rio 3, que adota as metas de reciclagem previstas no PMGIRS; iv) Cen?rio 4A, com metas de reciclagem propostas pelo PLANARES, aliadas ? redu??o da gera??o per capita e aumento da taxa de coleta; v) Cen?rio 4B, com metas de reciclagem propostas pelo PMGIRS, aliadas ? redu??o da gera??o per capita e aumento da taxa de coleta; e, vi) Cen?rio 5, que admite metas de reciclagem arrojadas, aliadas ? diminui??o da produ??o per capita e crescimento da taxa de coleta. A partir dessas simula??es, foram avaliados os impactos de cada cen?rio no aumento de vida ?til do aterro sanit?rio municipal, e tamb?m na economia e gera??o de energia por meio da reciclagem de materiais que deixam de ser encaminhados ao aterro. Os resultados obtidos revelam: i) Aumento da vida ?til do aterro sanit?rio de Feira de Santana por 11, 17, 18 e 26 anos, de acordo com os cen?rios 2, 3, 4A e 4B, respectivamente. Para o cen?rio 5, a vida ?til do aterro municipal n?o se encerra at? o ano final de an?lise (2075); ii) Os resultados obtidos tamb?m podem precisar a quantidade em massa de res?duos que deixar? de ser encaminhada ao aterro sanit?rio ao longo dos anos simulados, a saber: 77 mil t, 119 mil t, 92 mil t, 136 mil t, 212 mil t de acordo com os cen?rios 2, 3, 4A, 4B e 5, respectivamente; iii) Podem ser poupados em Feira de Santana, em 2050, para o cen?rio 5, o mais expressivo, aproximadamente 1027 GWh, o suficiente para abastecer perto de 2,1 milh?es de resid?ncias, considerando-se o consumo mensal de 163 KWh e uma m?dia de 3 pessoas por resid?ncia; iv) Os res?duos secos possuem uma economia 98% maior em rela??o aos res?duos ?midos, j? que o potencial poupado por ambos para o ano de 2050 ?, respectivamente, 602 GWh e 10 GWh; v) O pl?stico destaca-se como o material seco de maior potencial de economia de energia. De acordo com o cen?rio 5, esse material poderia poupar cerca de 749 GWh, o suficiente para abastecer, aproximadamente, 1,5 milh?o de resid?ncias; vi) As simula??es apresentadas neste trabalho, relativas ao emprego de taxas de reciclagem de materiais e outras op??es de gest?o, mostraram-se mais eficientes em rela??o ?s metas estabelecidas pelo cen?rio 5 para todos os par?metros de an?lise. Levando-se em considera??o que as an?lises desenvolvidas neste trabalho se limitaram a dados secund?rios por falta de dados locais consistentes, pode-se inferir que houve redu??o dos impactos ambientais para Feira de Santana com a ado??o de metas de reciclagem, uma vez que, por meio dessas metas ser? poss?vel estender a vida ?til do aterro sanit?rio, bem como proporcionar economias e ganhos energ?ticos para o munic?pio em quest?o.