Mesh free modeling techniques are a promising alternative to traditional meshed methods for solving computational fluid dynamics problems. These techniques aim to solve for the field variable using solely the values of nodes and therefore do not require the generation of a mesh. This results in a process that can be much more reliably automated and is therefore attractive. Radial basis functions (RBFs) are one type of "meshless" method that has shown considerable growth in the past 50 years. Using these RBFs to directly solve a partial differential equation is known as Kansa's method and has been used to successfully solve many flow problems. The problem with Kansa's method is that there is no formal guarantee that its solution matrix will be non-singular. More recently, an expansion on Kansa's method was proposed that incorporates the boundary and PDE operators into the solution of the field variable. This method, known as Hermitian method, has been shown to be non-singular provided certain nodal criteria are met. This work aims to perform a comparison between Kansa and Hermitian methods to aid in future selection of a method. These two methods were used to solve steady and transient one-dimensional convection-diffusion problems. The methods are compared in terms of accuracy (error) and computational complexity (conditioning number) in order to evaluate overall performance. Results suggest that the Hermitian method does slightly outperform Kansa method at the cost of a more ill-conditioned collocation matrix.

Switched Reluctance Motors (SRMs) are gaining recognition due to their robust design, cost-effectiveness, fault tolerance, and reliable high-speed performance, positioning them as promising alternatives to traditional electric motors. However, SRMs face high torque ripples, vibration, acoustic noise, and nonlinear modeling complexities. Through careful geometry design optimization, these drawbacks can be mitigated. Design optimization for SRMs is a multi-objective and nonlinear problem that requires an accurate finite element analysis (FEA) model to relate designable parameters to output objectives. The geometric design process follows a multi-stage and iterative approach, leading to prohibitive computational time until the optimal design is reached. Machine learning algorithms (MLAs) have recently acquired attention in electric machine design. This study introduces an extensive analysis of various MLAs applied to SRM modeling and design. Additionally, it presents a robust framework for a comprehensive evaluation of these MLAs, facilitating the selection of the optimal machine learning topology for SRM design. Existing research on the geometry optimization of SRMs using MLAs has focused only on the machine’s static characteristics. This thesis introduces an advanced optimization method utilizing an MLA to act as a surrogate model for both static and dynamic characteristics of the SRM. The dynamic model incorporates conduction angles optimization to enhance the torque profile. The proposed MLA is applied to map out the SRM geometrical parameters, stator and rotor pole arc angles and their dynamic performance metrics, such as average torque and torque ripples. The optimal design improves the average torque and significantly reduces the torque ripples. Radial forces constitute a critical objective that should be considered alongside average torque, efficiency, and torque ripple in the design optimization of SRMs. Accurate modeling of radial forces is a prerequisite for optimizing motor geometry to mitigate their adverse effects on vibrations and acoustic noise. This work presents an MLA-based surrogate model for the most influential radial force harmonic components, facilitating the integration of radial force reduction into a multi-objective optimization framework. The proposed optimization framework employs two MLA-based surrogate models: the first correlates SRM pole arc angles with average torque and torque ripples, while the second models the most significant radial force harmonics. A genetic algorithm leverages these surrogate models to predict new geometrical parameters that enhance the SRM's torque profile and reduce radial forces. The optimization framework significantly reduced torque ripples and radial forces while slightly increasing average torque. The optimal design candidates were verified using FEA and MATLAB simulations, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method, which offers significant computational time savings compared to traditional FEA techniques. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

The rapid increase in computational power over the last decade has unlocked the possibility of providing patient-specific healthcare via simulation and data assimilation. In the past 2 decades, computational approaches to simulating cardiovascular flows have advanced significantly due to intense research and adoption of methods in medical device companies. A significant source of friction in porting these tools to the hospital and getting in the hands of surgeons is due to the expertise required to handle the geometry pre-processing and meshing of models. Meshless meth- ods reduce the amount of corner cases which makes it easier to develop robust tools surgeons need. To accurately simulate modifications to a region of vasculature as in surgical planning, the entire system must be modeled. Unfortunately, this is computationally prohibitive even on to- day’s machines. To circumvent this issue, the Radial-Basis Function Finite Difference (RBF-FD) method for solution of the higher-dimensional (2D/3D) region of interest is tightly-coupled to a 0D Lumped-Parameter Model (LPM) for solution of the peripheral circulation. The incompress- ible flow equations are updated by an explicit time-marching scheme based on a pressure-velocity correction algorithm. The inlets and outlets of the domain are tightly coupled with the LPM which contains elements that draw from a fluid-electrical analogy such as resistors, capacitors, and in- ductors that represent the viscous resistance, vessel compliance, and flow inertia, respectively. The localized RBF meshless approach is well-suited for modeling complicated non-Newtonian hemo- dynamics due to ease of spatial discretization, ease of addition of multi-physics interactions such as fluid-structure interaction of the vessel wall, and ease of parallelization for fast computations. This work introduces the tight coupling of meshless methods and LPMs for fast and accurate hemody- namic simulations. The results show the efficacy of the method to be used in building robust tools to inform surgical decisions and further development is motivated.

A construção do Rodoanel Trecho Sul movimentou o meio geotécnico, gerando novas informações sobre os solos locais e apresentando novas tecnologias construtivas, já disponíveis em outros mercados, mas pouco ou não utilizadas nas obras brasileiras. Estas novas técnicas de melhoria dos solos prometem solucionar problemas importantes, como a deformabilidade e resistência de uma camada de argila mole depositada na fundação de um aterro, por meios simples, rápidos, econômicos e ambientalmente interessantes. Este trabalho apresenta os problemas de engenharia geotécnica enfrentados durante a implantação deste empreendimento, na região próxima à Represa Billings e da Interseção Imigrantes, e destaca as soluções geotécnicas executadas para estabilizar a fundação dos aterros compactados construídos nesta região, caracterizada pela ocorrência de solos orgânicos muito moles. Destas soluções enfatizam-se neste estudo os tratamentos de solos moles identificados como Consolidação Profunda Radial (CPR) e a Mistura Mecânica de Aglomerante Cimentício com os solos moles saturados locais. O desempenho final destas tecnologias, em relação ao ganho de resistência e o aumento de compressibilidade adquiridos pela camada tratada, foram avaliados através dos ensaios de campo e da instrumentação implantada na área de interesse. / The construction of the South Stretch of Rodoanel Highway created a commotion in the geotechnical segment, generating new information about the local soils and presenting new construction technology, already available in other markets, but still with very limited or even no use in the Brazilian works. This new techniques of soil improvements, promises to solve important issues, like deformability and resistance of a soft clay layer located at the foundation of an embankment, by means that can be qualified as simple, fast, economical and environmentally interesting. This document presents the geotechnical engineering issues encountered during the implantation of this entrepreneur, at the region near Billings Reservoir and at the intersection with Imigrantes Highway, and points out the geotechnical solutions used to stabilize the foundation of compacted earth fill builted at this region, that is characterized by the occurrence of very soft organic soils. This study emphasizes in the solutions of treatment of soft soil identified as Deep Radial Consolidation (CPR) and the Mechanical Mixture of Cimentitius Binder with the local saturated soft soils. The final performance of this technologies, consearning the gain of resistance and the reduction of deformability, acquired by the treated layer, were evaluated through field tests and by the instrumentation placed at the area of interest.

Objetivo: Avaliar, sob o ponto de vista genético-clínico e audiológico, uma amostra de indivíduos com EOAV associado à anomalia radial. Local: Serviço de Genética Clínica, Setor de Fonoaudiologia, Ambulatório de Saúde Pública e Centro de Pesquisas Audiológicas – HRAC – USP. Participantes: 14 indivíduos com EOAV associado à anomalia radial: 8 do sexo masculino e 6 do sexo feminino. Intervenções: Avaliação genética-clínica, avaliação radiológica, avaliação otorrinolaringológica e avaliação audiológica. Resultados: Os principais achados clínicos do EOAV com anomalia radial são malformações de orelha externa, média e interna; assimetria facial; hipoplasia mandibular e defeito radial, o qual é uma anomalia “sine qua non" para o diagnóstico clínico. Anomalias de orelha interna e perda auditiva sensorioneural representam achados relevantes desta condição. Outros sistemas podem, também, estar acometidos. Conclusões: O EOAV com anomalia radial representa uma síndrome de padrão de recorrência, de etiologia desconhecida, que cursa com anomalias de arcos branquiais, defeito radial e perda auditiva, principalmente sensorioneural. Considerando que alguns casos com EOAV associado à anomalia radial foram descritos em mães com história de diabetes, atenção especial deve ser dada ao controle da glicemia materna. / Objective: Clinical genetic and audiological aspects evaluation of patients with first and second branchial arches abnormalities associated with radial defects. Setting: Clinical genetic service, Speech pathology/audiology sector, Specialized Public Health Clinic and Center for Audiological Research – HRAC – USP. Participants: 14 Brazilian patients with oculoauriculovertebral spectrum with radial defects: 8 male and 6 female. Interventions: Clinical genetic, radiological, otorhinolaryngological and audiological evaluation. Results: The main clinical sings present in these condition include external, middle and inner ear malformations; facial asymmetry, mandible hypoplasia and radial defects, which is a “sine qua non" anomaly for clinical diagnosis. Inner ear malformation and sensorioneural hearing loss are relevant signs related to this condition. Other systems can be involved. Conclusions: The oculoauriculovertebrall spectrum (OAVS) with radial defects represents a recurrent pattern syndrome, of unknown etiology, that presents branchial arches anomalies, radial defects, and hearing loss, mainly sensorioneural type. Considering that some few cases with OAVS and radial defects were reported in mothers with history of diabetes, special attention can be done to maternal glicemia.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:08:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Atila Lupim Cruz.pdf: 1394501 bytes, checksum: 0954b2c5b1fdcb864ee81cef7d14e9e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-19 / A pesquisa envolvida na presente dissertação se baseou no uso de funções de base radial para gerar uma nova formulação integral, que interpola diretamente o termo não homogêneo da equação diferencial de governo, no contexto do Método dos Elementos de Contorno (MEC). Emprega-se o uso de funções primitivas das funções de interpolação originais no núcleo da integral de domínio, permitindo a transformação desta última numa integral de contorno, evitando assim a discretização do domínio por meio de células, semelhante ao realizado na Dupla Reciprocidade. Para melhor avaliação das potencialidades da formulação, os testes numéricos apresentados abordaram apenas a solução de problemas governados pela Equação de Poisson. Os problemas escolhidos dentro desta categoria possuem solução analítica, o que permitiu aferir com mais rigor a precisão dos resultados. Para melhor balizamento da eficiência da formulação proposta, todos os problemas abordados também foram resolvidos pela formulação com Dupla Reciprocidade. O custo computacional dispendido para cada uma dessas formulações também foi comparado. Para ambas as formulações também foram testados esquemas de ajuste da interpolação realizada, visando avaliar seus efeitos na precisão dos resultados e também propositando obter economia computacional em futuras aplicações em simulações na área de propagações de ondas / This research was based on the use of radial basis functions to generate a new integral formulation that interpolates directly the domain action, related to the inhomogeneous term of the governing differential equation, using the Boundary Element Method (BEM). The use of primitive functions of the original interpolation functions in the kernel of the inhomogeneous integral is proposed, allowing its transformation into a boundary integral, thus avoiding the domain discretization through cells, similar to that conducted in the Dual Reciprocity. To better evaluation of the capability of the proposed formulation, the numerical tests presented only solved problems governed by the Poisson Equation. Test problems chosen have known analytical solution, which allowed a better evaluation of the numerical accuracy. To better check the efficiency of the proposed formulation, all the problems were also solved by the Dual Reciprocity Boundary Element Formulation. The computational cost expended for each of these formulations was also compared. Fitting interpolation schemes for both formulations were also tested in order to evaluate their effects on the accuracy of the results and also looking for economy in future computational applications related to wave propagation problems

A construção do Rodoanel Trecho Sul movimentou o meio geotécnico, gerando novas informações sobre os solos locais e apresentando novas tecnologias construtivas, já disponíveis em outros mercados, mas pouco ou não utilizadas nas obras brasileiras. Estas novas técnicas de melhoria dos solos prometem solucionar problemas importantes, como a deformabilidade e resistência de uma camada de argila mole depositada na fundação de um aterro, por meios simples, rápidos, econômicos e ambientalmente interessantes. Este trabalho apresenta os problemas de engenharia geotécnica enfrentados durante a implantação deste empreendimento, na região próxima à Represa Billings e da Interseção Imigrantes, e destaca as soluções geotécnicas executadas para estabilizar a fundação dos aterros compactados construídos nesta região, caracterizada pela ocorrência de solos orgânicos muito moles. Destas soluções enfatizam-se neste estudo os tratamentos de solos moles identificados como Consolidação Profunda Radial (CPR) e a Mistura Mecânica de Aglomerante Cimentício com os solos moles saturados locais. O desempenho final destas tecnologias, em relação ao ganho de resistência e o aumento de compressibilidade adquiridos pela camada tratada, foram avaliados através dos ensaios de campo e da instrumentação implantada na área de interesse. / The construction of the South Stretch of Rodoanel Highway created a commotion in the geotechnical segment, generating new information about the local soils and presenting new construction technology, already available in other markets, but still with very limited or even no use in the Brazilian works. This new techniques of soil improvements, promises to solve important issues, like deformability and resistance of a soft clay layer located at the foundation of an embankment, by means that can be qualified as simple, fast, economical and environmentally interesting. This document presents the geotechnical engineering issues encountered during the implantation of this entrepreneur, at the region near Billings Reservoir and at the intersection with Imigrantes Highway, and points out the geotechnical solutions used to stabilize the foundation of compacted earth fill builted at this region, that is characterized by the occurrence of very soft organic soils. This study emphasizes in the solutions of treatment of soft soil identified as Deep Radial Consolidation (CPR) and the Mechanical Mixture of Cimentitius Binder with the local saturated soft soils. The final performance of this technologies, consearning the gain of resistance and the reduction of deformability, acquired by the treated layer, were evaluated through field tests and by the instrumentation placed at the area of interest.

Evidências favoráveis impulsionaram o uso da técnica transradial nos últimos anos. Estudos originais que apresentam o uso dessa prática apontam baixo risco de complicações locais, maior conforto para os pacientes, possibilidade de mobilização e deambulação precoce após procedimento, diminuição do período de internação hospitalar e redução de custos hospitalares. Entre as complicações possíveis, a mais temida é a oclusão da artéria radial (OAR). Embora seja preocupante essa complicação, ainda não há consenso quanto à avaliação rotineira da patência da artéria antes da alta hospitalar e sua relação com o dispositivo hemostático utilizado. Visando preencher essa lacuna do conhecimento, este estudo foi planejado para comparar o efeito de dois dispositivos de hemostasia após cateterismo cardíaco realizado por acesso transradial na ocorrência de OAR. Foi conduzido um ensaio clínico randomizado (ECR) de dois grupos, aberto, no Laboratório de Hemodinâmica (LH) de um hospital público e universitário da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. O período de coleta foi de novembro de 2015 a outubro de 2016. Foram incluídos pacientes adultos ambulatoriais e internados, submetidos a cateterismo cardíaco diagnóstico e/ou terapêutico por acesso transradial, em caráter eletivo e/ou de urgência. Os participantes foram randomizados em dois grupos: Grupo Intervenção (GI) – hemostasia com dispositivo TR Band; e Grupo Controle (GC) – hemostasia com dispositivo de gaze e bandagem elástica adesiva. O desfecho primário foi a OAR imediata ao procedimento e em 30 dias; os desfechos secundários foram a migração dos padrões das curvas após retirada imediata do dispositivo e em 30 dias, a necessidade de tempo a mais para alcance da hemostasia, as demais complicações vasculares relacionadas ao sítio de punção (sangramento e hematoma) e a presença e intensidade de dor. Foram incluídos 600 pacientes: GI (n=301) e GC (n=299), predominantemente do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 63 ± 10 anos; a OAR imediatamente após a remoção do dispositivo ocorreu em 24 (8%) e 19 (6%), no GI e GC, respectivamente; em 30 dias para um terço da amostra foi de 5 (5%) e 7 (6%), no GI e GC, respectivamente. Para estes dois períodos não foram demonstradas diferenças estatísticas; o tempo de hemostasia adicional, assim como o tempo necessário para outro tipo de compressão, foi significativamente maior no GI, p=0,006 e p<0,001, respectivamente; pacientes de ambos os grupos mantiveram um padrão e migração de curvas semelhantes na avaliação pré procedimento, imediatamente após a retirada dos dispositivos e em 30 dias; o sangramento menor foi significativamente maior no GI, quando comparado ao GC, 67 (22%) vs. 40 (13%), respectivamente, p = 0,006; o hematoma foi semelhante entre os dois grupos. O relato de dor foi similar entre os grupos, e a intensidade relatada foi moderada. Os resultados deste estudo permitem concluir que a incidência de OAR foi semelhante entre os grupos TR Band e bandagem elástica adesiva. Os padrões de curva do teste de Barbeau foram semelhantes em todas as avaliações. Pacientes que utilizaram TR Band precisaram de mais tempo adicional de hemostasia assim como mais tempo com outro tipo de compressão. O sangramento menor foi mais incidente no grupo TR Band, enquanto o hematoma foi semelhante entre os grupos. A ocorrência de dor moderada foi semelhante entre os dois grupos. / Favorable evidence increase the use of the transradial technique in recent years. Original studies that address this approach suggest low risk of local complications, greater comfort for patients, the possibility of early mobilization and ambulation after the procedure, a shorter hospital stay and reduced hospital costs. Among the possible complications, the most feared is radial artery occlusion (RAO). Although RAO is of concern, there is still no consensus regarding the routine assessment of radial artery patency before discharge and its relationship to the hemostatic device used. In order to fill this knowledge gap, this study was planned to compare the effect of two hemostasis devices after cardiac catheterization performed by transradial access on the appearance of RAO. A two-group Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) was conducted at the Hemodynamic Laboratory (HL) of the Hospital de Clínicas of Porto Alegre (HCPA), a public university hospital in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. The collection period was from November 2015 to October 2016. Adult patients from the outpatient clinic and hospitalized patients undergoing cardiac diagnostic and / or therapeutic catheterization due to transradial access, in an elective and / or emergency manner, were included. Participants were randomized into two groups: intervention group (IG) - hemostasis with TR Band device; Control Group (CG) - hemostasis with gaze device and adhesive elastic bandage. The primary outcome was immediate RAO to the procedure and in 30 days; secondary outcomes were migration of the curvature patterns after immediate device removal and in 30 days, the need for extra time to reach hemostasis other vascular complications related to the puncture site (bleeding and hematoma), and the presence and intensity of pain. A total of 600 patients were included: IG (n=301) and CG (n=299), predominantly males with a mean age of 63 ± 10 years; RAO immediately following device removal occurred in 24 (8%) and 19 (6%), in the IG and CG groups, respectively; in 30 days for a third of the sample was 5 (5%) and 7 (6%) in IG and CG, respectively. For these two periods no statistical difference was demonstrated. The additional hemostasis time, as well as the time required for another type of compression, was significantly higher in IG, p=0.006 and p<0.001, respectively; patients from both groups maintained a pattern of migration of similar curves in the pre-procedure assessment, immediately after the device withdrawal and in 30 days; The lowest bleeding was significantly higher in the IG, compared to the GC, 67 (22%) vs 40 (13%), respectively, p = 0.006; the hematoma was similar between the two groups. The reported pain was similar between the groups, and the reported intensity was moderate. The results of this study allow us to conclude that the incidence of RAO was similar between TR Band groups and adhesive elastic bandage. The standards of the Barbeau test curve were similar in all assessments. Patients who used TR Band required more extra hemostasis time as well as more time with another type of compression. Minor bleeding was more incident in the TR Band group, while the hematoma was similar between the groups. The occurrence of moderate pain was similar between the two groups.

Os sistemas combinados anaeróbio/aeróbio para tratamento de esgotos sanitários têm sido considerados alternativas viáveis do ponto de vista técnico-econômico em relação aos sistemas tradicionais. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados obtidos com uma nova configuração de reator, composto por uma unidade central - um reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo (UASB) modificado de 286 L, associado a um reator radial aerado de leito fixo (RRLF) de 215 L, disposto de maneira a circundar a zona de separação sólido/líquido/gás do reator UASB. A principal modificação no reator UASB foi, portanto, a incorporação, junto à sua parede externa, do RRLF. A alimentação do RRLF com o efluente do UASB dá-se através de aberturas laterais na parede do UASB, o que permitiu eliminar as calhas de coleta e sistemas de alimentação do segundo reator. Esse sistema foi alimentado com esgoto sanitário obtido da rede coletora de esgotos do campus da USP de São Carlos. Esperava-se obter remoção considerável de matéria orgânica solúvel e particulada, bem como a remoção parcial de nitrogênio. Foram obtidas eficiências médias de remoção de matéria orgânica (expressa como demanda química de oxigênio - DQO) e de sólidos suspensos voláteis (SSV), de 80% e 89%, respectivamente. Em condições de operação estável, os valores de DQO e SSV no efluente atingiram 110 mg/L e 16 mg/L, respectivamente. Observou-se, também, que o sistema apresentou grande estabilidade operacional, tendo a taxa de carregamento orgânico volumétrica atingido valores da ordem de 4,0 Kg DQO.m-3d-1. Nessas condições, o sistema atingiu eficiências de remoção de DQO e SSV da ordem de 90%. O sistema misto ensaiado mostrou ser uma configuração promissora, pois promoveu a remoção eficiente de matéria orgânica e de sólidos suspensos. Considera-se, no entanto, a necessidade de se introduzirem modificações no projeto RRLF que permitam o estabelecimento dos processos de nitrificação e desnitrificação nesse reator, uma vez que foi obtida baixa eficiência de nitrificação e, conseqüentemente, a remoção de nitrogênio foi prejudicada. / Integrated anaerobic/aerobic systems have been considered feasible alternatives concerning technical and economic aspects for treating domestic wastewaters. This paper presents the results obtained from the operation of this new reactor configuration, made up of a central unit - an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB), with a working volume of 286 L, associated to a radial-flow aerobic immobilized-biomass (RAIB), with a working volume of 215 L. The RAIB reactor circles the solid/liquid/gas separation zone. The main modification in the UASB reactor concerns this association with the RAIB. The UASB effluent was distributed through openings along its side walls to the RAIB, allowing the elimination of collecting channels and feeding devices from the latter reactor. The objective of this work was to promote organic matter (raw and soluble) and nitrogen removal from domestic sewage. Organic matter (as COD) and volatile suspended solids removal achieved efficiencies of 80% and 89%, respectively. Under stable operational conditions, the system effluent presented COD and volatile suspended solids values of 110 mg/L and 16 mg/L, respectively. Efficiencies of 90% for COD and volatile suspended solids removal were achieved with a organic loading rate of 4,0 Kg COD.m-3.d-1. This integrated system has shown to be a valid configuration, efficiently removing organic matter and suspended solids from the domestic wastewater. However, contrarily to expectations based on the previous studies with RAIB, nitrification was poor. Therefore, modifications to the RAIB design must be considered for the establishment of nitrogen removing processes.

O objetivo é comparar o fluxo sanguíneo total (FS) e a reserva de fluxo coronariano (RFC) aos ramos revascularizados pelas artérias torácica interna esquerda (ATIE) e radial (AR) nos enxertos compostos com os enxertos isolados. Foi realizado um ensaio clínico randomizado de 42 pacientes que foram distribuídos em grupo A ou ATIE e AR composta em Y(n=14), grupo B ou ATIE e AR composta modificada(n=14) e grupo C ou ATIE pediculada para DA e AR aorto-coronariana(n=14). Os pacientes foram submetidos a fluxometria no pós-operatório imediato. A RFC foi de 2,1 ± 0,44, 1,96 ± 0,3 e 2,06±0,42 nos grupos A,B e C, (p=0.7208 A, B x C) e o FS, em ml/min, foi 110±30, 145±59 e 136±58, respectivamente (p=0.3232 A,B x C). Concluindo, não houve diferença significativa do FS total e nem da RFC nos grupos estudados / The objective is to compare the total blood flow (Bf) and coronary flow reserve (CFR) to the left coronary branches that were revascularized with left internal thoracic (LITA) and radial artery (RA) in composite and independent arterial grafts. A randomized trial was realized and 42 patients assigned in group A or composite LITA-RA in a Y configuration (n=14), group B or modified composite LITA-RA(n=14) and group C or pedicled LITA to LAD and aorto-coronary RA (n=14). Patients were submitted to postoperative Bf velocity analysis. CFR was 2,1 ± 0,44, 1,96 ± 0,3 e 2,06±0,42 in groups A,B and C (p=0.7208 A, B x C) and Bf, in ml/min, was 110±30, 145±59 and 136±58, respectively (p=0.3232 A, B x C). In conclusion there was no difference in Bf and CFR in the groups studied