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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Controle de dose em transporte rodoviário de material radioativo / Dose control in road transport of radioactive material

GERULIS, EDUARDO 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:42:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / As doses de radiação ionizante para os trabalhadores no transporte de material radioativo devem ser tão pequenas quanto razoavelmente exequível. As doses médias dos motoristas e carregadores amostrados neste trabalho devem ser diminuídas. A demonstração do controle das doses em veículo rodoviário com material radioativo, requisitada pelo regulamento brasileiro atual, norma CNEN NE 5.01, é apresentada em formulário próprio com valores de exposição obtidos em posições de ocupação regular de indivíduos do público e de trabalhadores, mesmo quando se expede veículo sem a necessidade de uso exclusivo (∑ IT 50). Este trabalho mostra, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, elaboração de modelos e pesquisa de campo, que esta demonstração do controle com a obtenção dos valores de exposição nesta situação, para um método de controle melhor, deve ser realizada pela apresentação do registro do acúmulo de cargas, limitado (∑ IT 50), a fim de evitar a obtenção destas medidas, para que haja padronização com regulamentos estrangeiros e para que os custos e os tempos, importantes para expedição de radiofármacos com meia-vida curta, e também as atuais doses laborais dos técnicos de radioproteção sejam todos diminuídos. Os valores de exposição dos parâmetros utilizados com esse método são menores do que seus limites regulamentares. Para contribuir com essas finalidades devem ser apresentadas pelo regulamento brasileiro atualizado as distâncias de segregação entre as cargas e as cabines dos veículos. / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
42

Avaliacao dos efeitos da radiacao ionizante de sup60Co em propriedades fisicas , quimicas e nutricionais dos feijoes PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L. e VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.) WALP

VILLAVICENCIO, ANNA L.C.H. 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:43:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:07:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 06166.pdf: 3240531 bytes, checksum: 4104476275b9d0bf7a27427ff116d1ee (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Universidade de Sao Paulo - CF/USP
43

Teste do cometa e teste de germinacao na deteccao do tratamento de alimentos com radiacao ionizante

MARIN HUACHACA, NELIDA S. 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:47:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:08:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 07919.pdf: 5242262 bytes, checksum: 47e580889f88e906398570bd4ac880ec (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
44

Methodische Untersuchungen zum Einsatz von Positronenemittern für die Dichtebestimmung in leichten Medien

Hensel, Frank January 1999 (has links)
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der Einsatz von Positronenemittern zur Bestimmung der Dichte eines zweiphasigen Mediums beschrieben. Zur Messung wird die Dichteabhängigkeit der Positronenreichweite ausgenutzt. Die Realisierbarkeit des Verfahrens wird zunächst in einer Computersimulation geprüft. Danach werden Experimente an einem hochauflösenden PET-Scanner vorgestellt. Bei diesen Experimenten wird die Dichteabhängigkeit der Reichweite von Positronen anhand von Modellmedien aus festen Schaumstoffen untersucht. Dabei werden die in der Computersimulation erzielten Ergebnisse bestätigt. Aus den experimentellen Ergebnissen wird ein Modell zur Beschreibung der Abnahme der Koinzidenzrate in Abhängigkeit von der Entfernung des Detektors von der Positronenquelle und der Mediendichte entwikkelt. Auf der Basis des Modells erfolgt die Konzipierung einer für die Dichtemessung optimierten Detektoranordnung. Die Funktionsweise dieses Detektorsystems wird in Form technischer Unterlagen und experimenteller Ergebnisse beschrieben. Mit dem optimierten Detektorsystem werden die Untersuchungen an den Modellmedien nochmals durchgeführt, wobei die bisherigen Ergebnisse bestätigt werden. Das beschriebene Meßverfahren dient der Bestimmung der mittleren Dichte in einem überwiegend gasförmigen Medium, wobei eine Mittelwertbildung über das Meßvolumen erfolgt. Das Verfahren kombiniert die Vorteile bekannter densitometrischer Meßmethoden auf der Basis einer Schwächung von Strahlung, indem die hohe Dichtesensitivität der Positronenstrahlung mit der relativ geringen Absorption der energiereichen Annihilationsquanten kombiniert wird.
45

Software tool for a configuration of a radiation detector for space applications

Vítová, Natálie January 2022 (has links)
The thesis deals with design of configuration software, ConfPix, for radiationdetecting sensor - SpacePix2. It describesdesign and implementation, as well as thetesting procedure. The software is implemented in Python, with Graphical UserInterface created using the Tkinter module for Python. The application is designed as versatile and can be used in future missions requiring the configurationof pixel radiation detectors from SpacePixfamily. The SpacePix2 sensor is a new technology developed at the Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineeringat Czech Technical University in Pragueand will be tested in orbit as a part of theSpace Dosimetry System Demonstrator instrument developed by the esc Aerospaces.r.o. company. Cosmic radiation sources and radiation detectors are described in the theoretical part of the thesis. The SpaceDosimetry System Demonstrator instrument, SpacePix Radiation Monitor detector and the SpacePix2 sensor are described as well.
46

The development of p-type silicon detectors for the high radiation regions of the LHC

Hanlon, Moshe David Leavers January 1998 (has links)
No description available.
47

Aplicações do fosfogesso na agricultura e suas implicações radiológicas

kerley Alberto Pereira de Oliveira 22 August 2008 (has links)
A taxa de geração do resíduo fosfogesso é de aproximadamente 4,8 toneladas para cada tonelada de ácido fosfórico produzido. A produção mundial anual pode ser estimada em 150 milhões de toneladas. Ele é classificado como NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material), ou seja, é um resíduo sólido que contem elementos radioativos de ocorrência natural provenientes da rocha matriz. O imenso volume de fosfogesso produzido anualmente vem merecendo a atenção de órgãos de proteção radiológica e das agências de proteção ambiental do mundo, dada a sua potencialidade de contaminação do meio ambiente. No Brasil, este material vem sendo utilizado há várias décadas, em especial, para consumo agrícola. Nesse caso, o fosfogesso é aplicado como fonte de cálcio e enxofre, como condicionador de subsuperfície e para correção de solos saturados com sódio, potássio ou alumínio. Haja vista a presença de elementos radioativos no fosfogesso, faz-se necessário compreender os mecanismos de transferência de radionuclídeos naturais no sistema solo/planta e avaliar se o seu uso contribui para um aumento da exposição do homem à radioatividade natural. Foram realizados experimentos em casa de vegetação com cultivo de alface em dois tipos de solo (arenoso e argiloso) tratados com quatro diferentes doses de fosfogesso em triplicata. Foram analisadas amostras de fosfogesso, solo, alface e água percolada dos vazos, determinando-se os radionuclídeos de interesse (238U, 232Th, 226Ra, 228Ra, 210Pb e 210Po). 238U e 232Th foram determinados por ativação neutrônica, 226Ra, 228Ra e 210Pb por espectrometria gama e o 210Po por espectrometria alfa. Por fim, calculou-se o fator de transferência soloplanta e a contribuição anual à dose efetiva comprometida em decorrência da ingestão das alfaces do experimento. Análises químicas, físicas e mineralógicas também foram realizadas para caracterização das amostras de solo e fosfogesso. O fosfogesso foi classificado como Classe II A - Não Perigoso, Não Inerte, Não Corrosivo e Não Reativo. Os solos se mostraram ácidos, com baixo conteúdo de matéria orgância e alta acidez potencial. A atividade específica média do 226Ra (252 Bq.kg-1) determinada nas amostras de fosfogesso ficou abaixo do limite recomendado pela Agência Ambiental Americana (USEPA) para uso na agricultura, cujo valor é igual a 370 Bq.kg-1. Apesar da maioria dos resultados de atividade específica média dos radionuclídeos presentes nas amostras de alface apresentar valores abaixo da Atividade Mínima Detectável (AMD), os fatores de transferência foram estimados para aquelas condições em que a atividade específica média mostrou-se superior à AMD. Os valores obtidos variaram de 1,8 10-3 a 2,3 10-2 para 232Th; 3,5 10-2 a 4,1 10-2 para 226Ra; 2,4 10-1 a 3,2 10-1 para 228Ra e 3,5 10-2 a 8,5 10-2 para 210Po, dependendo do tipo de solo utilizado no plantio das hortaliças. De maneira geral, os resultados obtidos no presente estudo indicaram que a mobilidade dos radionuclídeos em ambos os solos estudados foi baixa. As doses efetivas comprometidas calculadas ficaram muito abaixo do limite de 1 mSv.ano-1 da ICRP, para o público em geral (4,3 10-3 mSv para os experimentos em solo argiloso e 7,5 10-3 mSv para os experimentos em solo arenoso), de onde se conclui que, do ponto de vista da proteção radiológica, os dados levantados neste trabalho demonstram a viabilidade do uso do fosfogesso na agricultura do Cerrado. / The rate of generation of phosphogypsum is approximately 4.8 tons for each ton of phosphoric acid produced. The annual world production can be estimated at 150 million of tons. It is classified as NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material), in other words, it is a solid waste that contains radioactive elements of natural occurrence from the source rock. The large amount of phosphogypsum produced has been attracting attention of radiological protection institutions and environmental protection agencies in the world, given its high potential for contamination of the environment. In Brazil, this material has been used for several decades, especially for agricultural purposes. In this case, the phosphogypsum is used as a source of calcium and sulfur, as conditioner, and for correction of subsurface soil saturated with sodium, potassium and aluminum. Due to the presence of radionuclides in phosphogypsum, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms for transferring of natural radionuclides in the system soil/plant and to evaluate if the use of phosphogypsum in soil contributes to increased exposition of humans to the natural radioactivity. Experiments were accomplished in a greenhouse with lettuce cultivation in two types of soil (sandy and loamy) fertilized with four different amounts of phosphogypsum. Samples of phosphogypsum, soil, lettuce and drainage water were analyzed being determined the radionuclides of interest (238U, 232Th, 226Ra, 228Ra, 210Pb and 210Po). 238U and 232Th have been carried out by neutron activation analysis, 226Ra, 228Ra and 210Pb by gamma spectrometry and 210Po by alpha spectrometry techniques. Finally, Transfer Factor of soil-plant was calculated and the annual contribution to the effective dose committed due to the ingestion of lettuces of the experiment. Analyses of chemical, physical and mineralogical characterization of soil and phosphogypsum samples were also accomplished. The phosphogypsum was classified as Class II A - Not Dangerous, Not Inert, Not Corrosive and Not Reactive. The soil samples analyzed as were acids, with low content of organic matter and high potential acidity. The average of specific activity for 226Ra in phosphogypsum samples (252 Bq.kg-1) was below of the maximum level recommended by USEPA, which is 370 Bq.kg-1 for agricultural use. Although the most of the results of mean specific activity of radionuclides present in samples of lettuce present values below the Minimum Detectable Activity (MDA), the Tranfer Factors were estimated for those conditions in which the mean specific activity proved to be superior to MDA. The values ranges from 1.8 10-3 to 2.3 10-2 for 232Th; 3.5 10-2 to 4.1 10-2 for 226Ra, 2.4 10-1 to 3.2 10-1 for 228Ra and 3.5 10-2 to 8.5 10-2 for 210Po, depending on the type of soil used in the planting of the vegetables. In general, the results obtained in the present study indicated that the mobility of radionuclides in both studied soils was low. The effective doses committed calculated well below the limit of 1 mSv.year-1 established by ICRP, for the public in general (4,3 10-3 mSv for the experiments in loamy soil and 7,5 10-3 mSv for the experiments in sandy soil). It is possible to conclude that from the point of view of the radiological protection, the data obtained in this work demonstrated the viability of the use of phosphogypsum in agriculture of the Cerrado, Brazil.
48

Detectores gasosos de eletrodo resistivo: regime estacionario e transitorio de funcionamento

TOBIAS, CARMEN C.B. 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:49:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:02:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 09811.pdf: 7739701 bytes, checksum: 322f7fce8713f27550b470eff5575b73 (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
49

Detectores gasosos de eletrodo resistivo: regime estacionario e transitorio de funcionamento

TOBIAS, CARMEN C.B. 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:49:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:02:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 09811.pdf: 7739701 bytes, checksum: 322f7fce8713f27550b470eff5575b73 (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
50

Development of an Advanced Two-Dimensional Microdosimetric Detector based on THick Gas Electron Multipliers / Development of an Advanced 2D THGEM Microdosimetric Detector

Darvish-Molla, Sahar January 2016 (has links)
The THick Gas Electron Multiplier (THGEM) based tissue-equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) has been proven to be useful for microdosimetry due to its flexibility in varying the gaseous sensitive volume and achieving high multiplication gain. Aiming at measuring the spatial distribution of radiation dose for mixed neutron-gamma fields, an advanced two-dimensional (2D) THGEM TEPC was designed and constructed at McMaster University which will enable us to overcome the operational limitation of the classical TEPCs, particularly for high dose rate fields. Compared to the traditional TEPCs, anode wire electrodes were replaced by THGEM layer, which not only enhances the gas multiplication gain but also offers a flexible and convenient fabrication or building 2D detectors. The 2D THGEM TEPC consists of an array of 3×3 sensitive volumes, equivalent to 9 individual TEPCs, each of which has a dimension of 5 mm diameter and length. Taking the overall cost, size and flexibility into account, to process 9 detectors signals simultaneously, a multi-input digital pulse processing system was developed by using modern microcontrollers, each of which is coupled to a 12-bit sampling ADC with a sampling rate of 42 Msps. The signal processing system was tested using a NaI(Tl) detector, which has proven that is it faster than a traditional analogue system and a commercial digital system. Using the McMaster Tandetron 7Li(p,n) accelerator neutron source, both fundamental detector performance, as well as neutron dosimetric response of the 2D THGEM TEPC, has been extensively investigated and compared to the data acquired by a spherical TEPC. It was shown that the microdosimetric response and the measured absorbed dose rate of the 2D THGEM detector developed in this study are comparable to the standard 1/2" TEPC which is commercially available. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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